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Category   Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21
GIFtS

DFNB31 Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 54
GCID: GC09M117164

deafness, autosomal recessive 31

 Explore 15 diseases affiliated with
DFNB31 via our new
 Human Malady Compendium 
Biological research products
for DFNB31
    

(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc, 7Ensembl, 8DME, 9miRBase, and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
Deafness, Autosomal Recessive 311 2     KIAA15263 5
WHRN1 2 3 5     WI2
CIP981 2 5     CASK-Interacting Protein CIP982
USH2D1 2 5     Whirlin1
Autosomal Recessive Deafness Type 31 Protein2 3     

External Ids:    HGNC: 163611   Entrez Gene: 258612   Ensembl: ENSG000000953977   OMIM: 6079285   UniProtKB: Q9P2023   

Export aliases for DFNB31 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC09U990192 GC09M112541 GC09M114243 GC09M116204 GC09M086769


(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for DFNB31:
This gene is thought to function in the organization and stabilization of sterocilia elongation and actin cystoskeletal
assembly, based on studies of the related mouse gene. Mutations in this gene have been associated with autosomal
recessive non-syndromic deafness and Usher Syndrome. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript
variants encoding different isoforms.(provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: WHRN_HUMAN, Q9P202
Function: Necessary for elongation and maintenance of inner and outer hair cell stereocilia in the organ of Corti in
the inner ear (By similarity)

Gene Wiki entry for DFNB31


(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000009.11  NC_018920.1  NT_008470.19  
Regulatory elements:
   SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the DFNB31 gene promoter:
         Max1   POU2F1   POU2F1a   CUTL1   c-Myc   
         Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmidDFNB31 promoter sequence
   Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for DFNB31

Epigenetics:
QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat DFNB31


Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 9q32   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  9q32   HGNC cytogenetic band: 9q32

DFNB31 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
DFNB31 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 9         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC09M117164:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
117,164,360 bp from pter      End:
117,267,736 bp from pter
Size:
103,377 bases      Orientation:
minus strand

(According to 1UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: WHRN_HUMAN, Q9P202 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: Whirlin  
Size: 907 amino acids; 96586 Da
Subunit: Forms homooligomers. Binds CASK, MPP1/p55 and MYO15A via the C-terminal PDZ domain. Binding to MYO15A is
necessary for localization of DFNB31/WHRN to stereocilia tips. Interacts with USH2A, GPR98/MASS1 and LRRC4C/NGL1.
Interacts with RPGR. Interacts with EPS8
Subcellular location: Cytoplasm (By similarity). Cell projection, stereocilium (By similarity). Cell projection, growth
cone (By similarity). Note=Detected at the level of stereocilia in inner outer hair cells of the cochlea and
vestibule. Co-localizes with the growing ends of actin filaments (By similarity). Colocalizes with MPP1 in the retina,
at the outer limiting membrane (OLM), outer plexifirm layer (OPL), basal bodies and at the connecting cilium (CC)
Sequence caution: Sequence=BAA96050.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Translation N-terminally shortened;
3 PDB 3D structures from and Proteopedia for DFNB31:
1UEZ (3D)        1UF1 (3D)        1UFX (3D)    
Secondary accessions: A5PKU1 A5PKZ9 Q5TAU9 Q5TAV0 Q5TAV1 Q5TAV2 Q96MZ9 Q9H9F4 Q9UFZ3
Alternative splicing: 4 isoforms:  Q9P202-1   Q9P202-2   Q9P202-3   Q9P202-4   (No experimental confirmation available)

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for DFNB31: NX_Q9P202

Post-translational modifications:

  • View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus2
  • View neXtProt modification sites for NX_Q9P202

  • DFNB31 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb:    About this image 
    Estimated protein expression log10 (pmol).

    REFSEQ proteins (3 alternative transcripts): 
    NP_001077354.2  NP_001166896.1  NP_056219.3  

    ENSEMBL proteins: 
     ENSP00000265134   ENSP00000363172   ENSP00000354623   ENSP00000363170  

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    Uscn Proteins for DFNB31

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/16 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 16):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0001917photoreceptor inner segment ----
    GO:0002142stereocilia ankle link complex IEA--
    GO:0005624membrane fraction ----
    GO:0005625soluble fraction ----
    GO:0005737cytoplasm IDA16434480


    DFNB31 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



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    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section

    DFNB31 for domains           About GeneDecksing

    1 InterPro domain/family:
     IPR001478 PDZ

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry Q9P202

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q9P202

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: WHRN_HUMAN, Q9P202
    Similarity: Contains 3 PDZ (DHR) domains


    (According to 1UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or 2DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
    bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section

    Function Summary:

         UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: WHRN_HUMAN, Q9P202
    Function: Necessary for elongation and maintenance of inner and outer hair cell stereocilia in the organ of Corti in
    the inner ear (By similarity)

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    hsa-miR-99a* hsa-miR-330-5p hsa-miR-99b* hsa-miR-410 hsa-miR-4314 hsa-miR-320e hsa-miR-326 hsa-miR-2276
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    Gene Ontology (GO): 2 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005515protein binding IPI--
    GO:0019904protein domain specific binding ----


    DFNB31 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing


    Animal Models:
         Mouse knock-out Whrntm1Tili for DFNB31
         15/16 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 3 alleles(MGI details for Whrn) (see all 16):
     adipose tissue  behavior/neurological  cardiovascular system  endocrine/exocrine gland  growth/size 
     hearing/vestibular/ear  hematopoietic system  homeostasis/metabolism  immune system  integument 
     liver/biliary system  nervous system  pigmentation  renal/urinary system  reproductive system 

    DFNB31 for phenotypes           About GeneDecksing


    (Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, 3I2D, and/or 4STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
    About This Section



    Interactions:

        Search SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Networks for DFNB31

    STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 25)

    5/53 Interacting proteins for DFNB31 (Q9P2022, 3 ENSP000003546234) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 53)
    InteractantInteraction Details
    GeneCardExternal ID(s)
    MYO15AQ9UKN73, ENSP000002058904I2D: score=6 STRING: ENSP00000205890
    LRRC4CQ9HCJ23, ENSP000002781984I2D: score=5 STRING: ENSP00000278198
    LRP4O750963, ENSP000003678884I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000367888
    MYO7AQ134023, ENSP000003863314I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000386331
    CASKO149362, ENSP000003674084MINT-8305473 STRING: ENSP00000367408
    About this table

    Gene Ontology (GO): 4 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0001895retina homeostasis IMP17171570
    GO:0007605sensory perception of sound IMP17171570
    GO:0050953sensory perception of light stimulus IMP17171570
    GO:0060122inner ear receptor stereocilium organization ISS--


    DFNB31 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
    About This Section

    DFNB31 for compounds           About GeneDecksing

    Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore
    Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

    Browse Tocris compounds for DFNB31
    2 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for DFNB31 gene    About this table
    Compound   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    guanylate 53.4 3 12641734 (1), 16829577 (1), 19853587 (1)
    serine 15 2 12641734 (2)

    Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about DFNB31 / WHRN 

    (Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
    GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
    siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
    About This Section

    REFSEQ mRNAs for DFNB31 gene (3 alternative transcripts): 
    NM_001083885.2  NM_001173425.1  NM_015404.3  

    Unigene Cluster for DFNB31:

    Deafness, autosomal recessive 31
    Hs.93836  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequence: BC014524
    5 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:
    ENST00000265134(uc004biy.4) ENST00000374059(uc004bix.3) ENST00000362057(uc004biz.4 uc004bja.4)
    ENST00000374057(uc004bjb.3) ENST00000480518

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    hsa-miR-99a* hsa-miR-330-5p hsa-miR-99b* hsa-miR-410 hsa-miR-4314 hsa-miR-320e hsa-miR-326 hsa-miR-2276
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    Additional cDNA sequence: 

    AB040959.1 AK022854.1 AK056190.1 AL110228.1 BC011918.2 BC014524.1 BC136416.1 BC142614.1 
    BC142684.1 

    12 DOTS entries:

    DT.444082  DT.91744357  DT.121168256  DT.100744759  DT.91741714  DT.100744760  DT.121168276  DT.121168280 
    DT.91741712  DT.91741713  DT.95232238  DT.121168282 

    24/96 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 96):

    CA428581 AI669619 BQ636975 BM725795 BG983396 AA317697 BE890168 AK056190 
    AA938876 BQ772091 AW246635 AL557526 BM714728 AA746058 AI627755 BM677917 
    AA378757 AI122701 BQ773251 NM_015404 BX329269 AI378439 BG478553 BM737698 

    GeneLoc Exon Structure

    5/11 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for DFNB31 (see all 11)    About this scheme

    ExUns: 1a · 1b ^ 2 ^ 3a · 3b ^ 4 ^ 5 ^ 6 ^ 7 ^ 8a · 8b ^ 9 ^ 10 ^ 11 ^ 12 ^ 13a · 13b · 13c · 13d ^ 14a · 14b ^ 15 ^ 16 ^ 17a · 17b ^ 18a ·
    SP1:                                      -     -     -           -     -     -           -                             -                       -               
    SP2:                                                                                                                                            -               
    SP3:                                                  -           -     -     -           -                                                                     
    SP4:                                                              -     -     -           -                                                                     
    SP5:                                                                                      -     -     -     -     -     -                                       

    ExUns: 18b ^ 19 ^ 20 ^ 21
    SP1:                        
    SP2:                        
    SP3:                        
    SP4:                        
    SP5:                        


    ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for DFNB31

    (RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
    PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
    About This Section

    DFNB31 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
    See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
    About this imageBioGPS
    CGAP TAG: CCCCTGGGGA

    Microarray
    RNAseq (Illumina Body Map)
    (100×FPKM)½
    SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression)

    About this image
    See DFNB31 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
    Genevestigator expression for DFNB31

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.93836
        SABiosciences Custom PCR Arrays for DFNB31
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    In Situ
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    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD , 5MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or 6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
    About This Section

    This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.

    Orthologs for DFNB31 gene from 5/15 species (see all 15)    About this table
    Organism Taxonomic
    classification
    Gene Description Human
    Similarity
    Orthology
    Type
    Details
    chicken
    (Gallus gallus)
    Aves DFNB311 deafness, autosomal recessive 31 73.57(n)
    71.2(a)
      429472  XM_427028.3  XP_427028.3 
    lizard
    (Anolis carolinensis)
    Reptilia DFNB316
    --
    61(a)
    1 ↔ 1
    GL344262.1(11099-24461)
    African clawed frog
    (Xenopus laevis)
    Amphibia Xl.327162 Xenopus laevis transcribed sequence with moderate similarity more 76.27(n)    BJ640533.1 
    zebrafish
    (Danio rerio)
    Actinopterygii LOC1003347771 whirlin-like 64.36(n)
    67.69(a)
      100334777  XM_002665922.2  XP_002665968.2 
    fruit fly
    (Drosophila melanogaster)
    Insecta dysc6
    dyschronic
    20(a)
    1 ↔ 1
    3L(13860914-13896336)


    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for DFNB31 (if available)
    TreeFam Gene Tree for DFNB31 (if available) 

    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene,
    2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
    About This Section
    Paralogs for DFNB31 gene
    PDZD72  USH1C2  
    2 SIMAP similar genes for DFNB31 using alignment to 2 protein entries:     WHRN_HUMAN (see all proteins):
    DLG4    PDZD11

    DFNB31 for paralogs           About GeneDecksing



    (SNPs/Variants according to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
    About This Section

    10/2123 NCBI SNPs in DFNB31 are shown (see all 2123    About this table
    Genomic DataTranscription Related DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidClinical
    significance
    Chr 9 posSequence#AA
    Chg
    TypeMore#Allele
    freq
    PopTotal
    sample
    More
    ----------
    rs22978151,2
    C,F,A,H,non-pathogenic91887308(-) AACGTG/ACGCCA 5 /V syn1 us2k1 ese36Minor allele frequency- A:0.30NA WA EA EU 4136
    rs49785841,2
    C,F,A,H,non-pathogenic91967435(+) GGTGGC/TGTGTT 6 T A mis1 ese320Minor allele frequency- T:0.19NS EA NA EU 7885
    rs342521991,2
    C,F,non-pathogenic91968442(+) TGCCGC/TGCCTT 6 A syn13Minor allele frequency- T:0.03NA EU 5821
    rs22741601,2
    C,F,O,H,non-pathogenic91983841(+) ATGGAA/C/G/
            
    GAGAA
    3 -- int128EA NS NA CSA WA EU 4656
    rs22741591,2
    C,F,A,H,non-pathogenic91987903(+) TGGACA/GCCGAC 6 A V mis132Minor allele frequency- G:0.44EA NA NS WA CSA EU 10325
    rs22741581,2
    C,F,A,H,non-pathogenic91987943(+) CTCTCG/TTTCCG 6 K N mis1 ese326Minor allele frequency- T:0.22EA NS NA WA EU 10131
    rs349632461,2
    C,F,non-pathogenic117166311(+) TCCTCA/G/TCTTAG 9 R S mis1 syn17NA WA EU 6118
    rs9425191,2
    C,F,H,non-pathogenic117169033(+) AAGGCA/GTGGAG 6 T M mis130Minor allele frequency- G:0.50EA MN NA NS WA CSA EU 8909
    rs123392101,2
    C,F,A,H,non-pathogenic117170241(+) ATCTGG/CGAGGG 6 /P /A mis129Minor allele frequency- C:0.09NA NS EA EU 7965
    rs49793871,2
    C,F,A,H,non-pathogenic117186677(+) CTGCCG/ACCACG 6 /G syn120Minor allele frequency- A:0.22NA NS EA WA CSA EU 6636

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for DFNB31 (117164360 - 117267736 bp)
    Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
    Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 4 variations for DFNB31
         4 CNVs: 53071 70783 5263 5264
    Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): DFNB31

    Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB): DFNB31

    SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays
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    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section

    DFNB31 for disorders           About GeneDecksing

    OMIM gene information: 607928   
    OMIM disorders: 607084  611383  
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: WHRN_HUMAN, Q9P202
  • Defects in DFNB31 are the cause of deafness autosomal recessive type 31 (DFNB31) [MIM:607084]. DFNB31 is a
  • form of sensorineural hearing loss. Sensorineural deafness results from damage to the neural receptors of the inner
    ear, the nerve pathways to the brain, or the area of the brain that receives sound information
  • Defects in DFNB31 are the cause of Usher syndrome type 2D (USH2D) [MIM:611383]. USH is a genetically
  • heterogeneous condition characterized by the association of retinitis pigmentosa and sensorineural deafness. Age at
    onset and differences in auditory and vestibular function distinguish Usher syndrome type 1 (USH1), Usher syndrome
    type 2 (USH2) and Usher syndrome type 3 (USH3). USH2 is characterized by congenital mild hearing impairment with
    normal vestibular responses

    15 diseases for DFNB31:    About MalaCards
    deafness, autosomal recessive 31    usher syndrome    usher syndrome, type iid    pyeloureteritis cystica
    usher syndrome type 2d    cleft lip/palate    usher syndrome type 3    sensorineural hearing loss
    cleft lip    bipolar affective disorder    hearing loss    retinitis pigmentosa
    bipolar disorder    retinitis    colorectal cancer

    3 diseases from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for DFNB31:
    Usher syndrome     Nonsyndromic deafness     Retinitis pigmentosa
    GeneTests: DFNB31
    Usher Syndrome Type 2

    Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: DFNB31 (5 documents)

    Export disorders for DFNB31 gene to outside databases

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Entrez Gene, 2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 3HGNC, 4GAD, 5PharmGKB, 6HMDB, 7DrugBank, 8UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 9 Novoseek, and/or 10fRNAdb)
    About This Section

    PubMed articles for DFNB31 gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 33):
    (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with DFNB31)
        Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
    world of online information

    1. A novel gene for Usher syndrome type 2: mutations in the long isoform of whirlin are associated with retinitis pigmentosa and sensorineural hearing loss. (PubMed id 17171570)1, 2, 3, 9 Ebermann I.... Bolz H. (2007)
    2. Defects in whirlin, a PDZ domain molecule involved in stereocilia elongation, cause deafness in the whirler mouse and families with DFNB31. (PubMed id 12833159)1, 2, 3, 9 Mburu P.... Brown S.D. (2003)
    3. The DFNB31 gene product whirlin connects to the Usher protein network in the cochlea and retina by direct association with USH2A and VLGR1. (PubMed id 16434480)1, 2, 9 van Wijk E....Kremer H. (2006)
    4. MPP1 links the Usher protein network and the Crumbs protein complex in the retina. (PubMed id 17584769)1, 2 Gosens I.... Roepman R. (2007)
    5. Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. (PubMed id 14702039)1, 2 Ota T.... Sugano S. (2004)
    6. DFNB31, a recessive form of sensorineural hearing loss, maps to chromosome 9q32-34. (PubMed id 11973626)1, 2 Mustapha M....Petit C. (2002)
    7. Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XVII. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro. (PubMed id 10819331)1, 2 Nagase T.... Ohara O. (2000)
    8. Sequence variants of the DFNB31 gene among Usher synd rome patients of diverse origin. (PubMed id 20352026)1, 9 Aller E....MillA!n J.M. (2010)
    9. CIP98, a novel PDZ domain protein, is expressed in the central nervous system and interacts with calmodulin-dependent serine kinase. (PubMed id 12641734)1, 9 Yap C.C....Yano R. (2003)
    10. Overexpression of the signal peptide whirlin isoform 2 is related to disease progression in colorectal cancer patients. (PubMed id 19724906)1, 9 Toiyama Y....Kusunoki M. (2009)

    (in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
    About This Section
     ANDOR
    Aliases
    Disorders
    Free Text  

      Query String
    PubMed
    OMIM
    NCBI Bookshelf
      (Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
    About This Section
    Entrez Gene: 25861 HGNC: 16361 AceView: DFNB31 Ensembl:ENSG00000095397 euGenes: HUgn25861
    ECgene: DFNB31 H-InvDB: DFNB31

    (According to HUGE)
    About This Section
    HUGE: KIAA1526

    (According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
    Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
    About This Section
    NameDescription
    PharmGKB entry for DFNB31 Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
    Hereditary hearing loss homepagehttp://webhost.ua.ac.be/hhh/

    (Patent information from GeneIP,
    Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts,
    IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)
    About This Section
    Patent Information for DFNB31 gene:
    Search GeneIP for patents involving DFNB31

    GeneCards and IP:
    Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     Improving the IP Search



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