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Category Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21

GIFtS
-

DFFB Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 64
GCID: GC01P003797

DNA fragmentation factor, 40kDa, beta polypeptide (caspase-activated...

Explore 26 diseases affiliated with
DFFB via

MalaCards

our new
Human Malady Compendium

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
DNA Fragmentation Factor, 40kDa, Beta Polypeptide (Caspase-Activated DNase)¹ ²		Caspase-Activated Deoxyribonuclease² ³
CAD¹ ² ³ ⁵		Caspase-Activated DNase² ³
CPAN¹ ² ³		Caspase-Activated Nuclease² ³
DFF-40¹ ² ³		DNA Fragmentation Factor 40 KDa Subunit² ³
DFF40¹ ² ³		DNA Fragmentation Factor Subunit Beta²
DFF2² ³ ⁵		EC 3.-.-.-³

External Ids:	HGNC: 2773¹	Entrez Gene: 1677²	Ensembl: ENSG00000169598⁷	OMIM: 601883⁵	UniProtKB: O76075³

Export aliases for DFFB gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC01P003212 GC01P003731 GC01P003347 GC01P003556 GC01P003557 GC01P003069

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for DFFB:

Apoptosis is a cell death process that removes toxic and/or useless cells during mammalian development. The apoptotic

process is accompanied by shrinkage and fragmentation of the cells and nuclei and degradation of the chromosomal DNA

into nucleosomal units. DNA fragmentation factor (DFF) is a heterodimeric protein of 40-kD (DFFB) and 45-kD (DFFA)

subunits. DFFA is the substrate for caspase-3 and triggers DNA fragmentation during apoptosis. DFF becomes activated

when DFFA is cleaved by caspase-3. The cleaved fragments of DFFA dissociate from DFFB, the active component of DFF.

DFFB has been found to trigger both DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation during apoptosis. Alternatively

spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene but the biological validity of

these variants has not been determined. (provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: DFFB_HUMAN, O76075

Function: Nuclease that induces DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation during apoptosis. Degrades naked DNA and

induces apoptotic morphology

Gene Wiki entry for DFFB

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000001.10 NC_018912.1 NT_004350.19

Regulatory elements:

SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the DFFB gene promoter:
RP58 RFX1 YY1 FAC1 FOXJ2 (long isoform) c-Myb Msx-1 FOXJ2 TGIF
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: DFFB promoter sequence

Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for DFFB

Epigenetics:

QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat DFFB

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 1p36.3 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 1p36.32 HGNC cytogenetic band: 1p36.3

DFFB Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
DFFB gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 1 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC01P003797: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	3,773,845 bp from pter	End:	3,801,993 bp from pter
Size:	28,149 bases	Orientation:	plus strand

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to ²PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: DFFB_HUMAN, O76075 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: DNA fragmentation factor subunit beta

Size: 338 amino acids; 39110 Da

Subunit: Heterodimer of DFFA and DFFB. Interacts with HIST1H1A

Subcellular location: Cytoplasm. Nucleus

1 PDB 3D structure from and Proteopedia for DFFB:

1IBX (3D)

Secondary accessions: O60521 Q5SR22 Q9BYI4 Q9BYI5 Q9BYI6

Alternative splicing: 4 isoforms: O76075-1 O76075-2 O76075-3 O76075-4 (May be produced at very low levels due to a premature stop codon in the mRNA, leading to nonsense-mediated mRNA decay)

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for DFFB: NX_O76075

Post-translational modifications:

View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus²

View neXtProt modification sites for NX_O76075

DFFB Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb: About this image

REFSEQ proteins: NP_004393.1

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000367454 ENSP00000436775 ENSP00000463688 ENSP00000462175 ENSP00000343218

ENSP00000367448 ENSP00000463704 ENSP00000462770 ENSP00000339524 ENSP00000367457

ENSP00000345906

Reactome Protein details: O76075
Human Recombinant Protein Products:

	Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at EMD Millipore
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	Browse recombinant and purified proteins available from Enzo Life Sciences
	Browse OriGene full length recombinant human proteins expressed in human HEK293 cells Browse OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysates OriGene Custom Protein Services for DFFB
	GenScript Custom Purified and Recombinant Proteins Services for DFFB
	Novus Biologicals DFFB Proteins
	Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
	Browse ProSpec Recombinant Proteins
	Uscn Proteins for DFFB

Gene Ontology (GO): 5 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0000790	nuclear chromatin	IDA	19882353
GO:0005622	intracellular	--	--
GO:0005634	nucleus	IDA	15572351
GO:0005654	nucleoplasm	TAS	--
GO:0005829	cytosol	TAS	--

DFFB for ontologies About GeneDecksing

DFFB Antibody Products:

	EMD Millipore Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies for the study of DFFB
	R&D Systems Antibodies for DFFB (DFF40/CAD)
	OriGene Antibodies (see all 2): DFFB OriGene Custom Antibody Services for DFFB
	GenScript Custom Superior Antibodies Services for DFFB
	Novus Biologicals DFFB Antibodies
	Search for Antibodies for DFFB at Abcam
	Uscn Antibodies for DFFB
	ThermoFisher Antibody for DFFB

Assay Products for DFFB:

	Browse Kits and Assays available from EMD Millipore
	OriGene Custom Immunoassay Development Browse OriGene Fluorogenic Cell Assay Kits
	Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
	GenScript Custom Assay Services for DFFB
	Browse Enzo Life Sciences for kits & assays
	Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for DFFB

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

DFFB for domains About GeneDecksing

2 InterPro domains/families:

IPR015311 Apoptosis_DFF40

IPR003508 CAD

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry O76075

ProtoNet protein and cluster: O76075

1 Blocks protein family: IPB003508 Caspase-activated nuclease CIDE-N

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: DFFB_HUMAN, O76075

Similarity: Contains 1 CIDE-N domain

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Function Summary:

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: DFFB_HUMAN, O76075

Function: Nuclease that induces DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation during apoptosis. Degrades naked DNA and

induces apoptotic morphology

Enzyme regulation: Inhibited by DFFA (DFF45)

Genatlas biochemistry entry for DFFB:

DNA fragmentation factor,beta polypeptide,DNAse,activated by caspase 3,expressed in a limited number of tissues

including pancreas,spleen,prostate,ovary,regulated by DFFA,involved in apoptosis

Enzyme Number (IUBMB): EC 3.-.-.-¹

miRNA Products:		miRTarBase miRNAs that target DFFB: hsa-mir-124 (MIRT002560)

		OriGene 3'-UTR Clone: DFFB Browse MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat DFFB
		8 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate DFFB:
		hsa-miR-607 hsa-miR-137 hsa-miR-1297 hsa-miR-361-3p hsa-miR-26a hsa-miR-15b* hsa-miR-26b hsa-miR-548n

		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: DFFB 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
		OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for DFFB (see all 7) OriGene shRNA RFP: DFFB OriGene siRNA: DFFB
		QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat DFFB

Gene Editing
Products:

DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for DFFB

Clone Products:		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from EMD Millipore
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		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector: DFFB (NM_004402)
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		DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for DFFB
		Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat DFFB

Cell Line Products:		GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for DFFB
		Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for DFFB

In Situ Assay
Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for DFFB

Gene Ontology (GO): 5 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0003677	DNA binding	IEA	--
GO:0004516	nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase activity	IEA	--
GO:0004536	deoxyribonuclease activity	IEA	--
GO:0005515	protein binding	--	--
GO:0019899	enzyme binding	IPI	10959840

DFFB for ontologies About GeneDecksing

1 GenomeRNAi human phenotype for DFFB:

Wnt reporter downregulated

Animal Models:
Mouse knock-out Dffb^tm1Osa for DFFB
4 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 1 allele) (MGI details for Dffb):

cellular

growth/size

hematopoietic system

immune system

DFFB for phenotypes About GeneDecksing

(Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, ³I2D, and/or ⁴STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
About This Section

Unified GeneCards pathways - 5/10 super-pathways (see all 10) About this table

See pathways by source

Super-pathway

contained gene-specific pathways

Apoptosis and survival_Caspase cascade

Apoptosis and survival_Caspase cascade	1.00	Apoptosis and survival FAS signaling cascades	0.44
Apoptosis and survival Caspase cascade	1.00	Caspase cascade in apoptosis	0.42
Apoptosis and survival_FAS signaling cascades	0.44	FAS pathway and Stress induction of HSP regulation	0.33

Activation of DNA fragmentation factor

Activation of DNA fragmentation factor

1.00

Apoptosis induced DNA fragmentation

1.00

Apoptosis Modulation and Signaling

Apoptosis Modulation and Signaling

1.00

Apoptosis

0.38

Integrated Pancreatic Cancer Pathway

Integrated Pancreatic Cancer Pathway

1.00

Integrated Pancreatic Cancer Pathway

0.99

TWEAK Pathway

HIV-1 Nef- Negative effector of Fas and TNF-alpha

0.42

Apoptosis through Death Receptors

0.32

Pathway sources
See GeneCards unified pathways
Show all pathways

3 EMD Millipore Pathways for DFFB

	Apoptosis and survival NGF signaling pathway
	Apoptosis and survival Caspase cascade
	Apoptosis and survival FAS signaling cascades

2 Downloadable PowerPoint Slides of QIAGEN Pathway Central Maps for DFFB

	Apoptosis through Death Receptors
	Granzyme Pathway

3 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) Pathways for DFFB

	Apoptosis and survival Caspase cascade
	Apoptosis and survival NGF signaling pathway
	Apoptosis and survival FAS signaling cascades

5/7 BioSystems Pathways for DFFB (see all 7)

	FAS pathway and Stress induction of HSP regulation
	Apoptosis Modulation and Signaling
	Apoptosis
	Integrated Pancreatic Cancer Pathway
	Integrated Pancreatic Cancer Pathway

4 Reactome Pathways for DFFB

	Activation of DNA fragmentation factor
	Apoptosis induced DNA fragmentation
	Apoptotic execution phase
	Apoptosis

1 Kegg Pathway (Kegg details for DFFB):

Apoptosis

DFFB for pathways About GeneDecksing

Interactions:

SABiosciences Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for DFFB

STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 15)

5/45 Interacting proteins for DFFB (O76075^{1, 2, 3} ENSP00000367454⁴) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 45)

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
PARP2	Q9UGN5²^,³, ENSP00000250416⁴	MINT-8202078 I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000250416
DFFA	O00273¹^,²^,³, ENSP00000366237⁴	EBI-1053821,EBI-727171 MINT-14806 MINT-14805 I2D: score=6 STRING: ENSP00000366237
CIDEB	Q9UHD4³, ENSP00000258807⁴	I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000258807
TOP2A	P11388³, ENSP00000411532⁴	I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000411532
BMI1	P35226², ENSP00000365851⁴	MINT-8010325 STRING: ENSP00000365851

About this table

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/6 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 6): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0006309	apoptotic DNA fragmentation	TAS	--
GO:0006915	apoptotic process	TAS	--
GO:0006917	induction of apoptosis	IEA	--
GO:0006921	cellular component disassembly involved in execution phase of apoptosis	TAS	--
GO:0030263	apoptotic chromosome condensation	IDA	10959840

DFFB for ontologies About GeneDecksing

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
About This Section

DFFB for compounds About GeneDecksing

EMD Millipore small molecules for DFFB:
Small Molecule - inhibitor

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Browse Tocris compounds for DFFB
3 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for DFFB gene About this table

Compound	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
etoposide	1.67	1	11694507 (1)
atp	0	2	12738667 (1)
histidine	0	4	11361146 (1), 12899615 (1)

Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about DFFB

(Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
About This Section

REFSEQ mRNAs for DFFB gene (3 alternative transcripts):

NM_004402.2 NM_001004285.1 NM_001004286.1

Unigene Cluster for DFFB:

DNA fragmentation factor, 40kDa, beta polypeptide (caspase-activated DNase)

Hs.133089 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: BC048797

12 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:

ENST00000378209(uc001alc.3 uc001ale.3 uc001alb.3 uc010nzn.2 uc009vlq.3 uc009vlr.3 uc001ald.3)

ENST00000491998(uc009vlp.3) ENST00000468793 ENST00000477548 ENST00000339350

ENST00000378206 ENST00000475969 ENST00000481945 ENST00000461150 ENST00000338895(uc009vln.1 uc009vlo.1)

ENST00000378212 ENST00000341385(uc001ala.1)

miRNA Products:		OriGene 3'-UTR Clone: DFFB Browse OriGene MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat DFFB
		8 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate DFFB:
		hsa-miR-607 hsa-miR-137 hsa-miR-1297 hsa-miR-361-3p hsa-miR-26a hsa-miR-15b* hsa-miR-26b hsa-miR-548n

		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: DFFB 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
		OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for DFFB (see all 7) OriGene shRNA RFP: DFFB OriGene siRNA: DFFB
		QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat DFFB

Clone Products:		OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for DFFB (see all 3) OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for DFFB OriGene custom cloning services � gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector: DFFB (NM_004402)
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		QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat DFFB

Additional cDNA sequence:

AB013918.1 AB028911.1 AB028912.1 AB028913.1 AF039210.1 AF064019.1 AF409060.1 AF409061.1

AF409062.1 AK027141.1 AK290877.1 AK303065.1 AK309316.1 AY438267.1 AY438268.1 BC032827.1

BC048797.1

8 DOTS entries:

DT.91741566 DT.97838204 DT.101981567 DT.101981568 DT.105309 DT.91741565 DT.121341039 DT.95159719

24/36 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 36):

NM_001004286 BU629454 AF409061 AA554677 AY438268 NM_001004285 AF409060 NM_004402

AF409062 AI050063 AB013918 AI872124 BC048797 AL702256 AI282937 AI381242

BG190041 BG194151 AF039210 AL602837 AI693136 BI517452 AA551886 AB028912

GeneLoc Exon Structure

5/8 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for DFFB (see all 8) About this scheme

ExUns:	1	^	2a	·	2b	^	3a	·	3b	·	3c	^	4	^	5	^	6	^	7	^	8	^	9	^	10a	·	10b	^	11
SP1:					-								-								-		-
SP2:							-		-				-								-		-
SP3:					-		-		-				-								-		-
SP4:					-		-						-								-		-
SP5:					-		-		-		-										-		-

ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for DFFB

(RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
About This Section

DFFB expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS
CGAP TAG: TTAAAATGTA

About this image
See DFFB Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
Genevestigator expression for DFFB

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.133089

SABiosciences Custom PCR Arrays for DFFB

Primer Products:		OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for DFFB Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
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		QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat DFFB
		QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat DFFB

In Situ
Assay Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for DFFB

(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD , ⁵MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or ⁶Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
About This Section

This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.

Orthologs for DFFB gene from 5/15 species (see all 15) About this table

Organism	Taxonomic classification	Gene	Description	Human Similarity	Orthology Type	Details
mouse (Mus musculus)	Mammalia	Dffb^{1 , 5}	DNA fragmentation factor, beta subunit^{1, 5}	79.17(n)¹ 77.68(a)¹		4 (83.78 cM)⁵ 13368¹ NM_007859.4¹ NP_031885.3¹ 153964449⁵
chicken (Gallus gallus)	Aves	DFFB¹	DNA fragmentation factor, 40kDa, beta polypeptide (caspase-activated more	66.46(n) 61.18(a)		374158 NM_204285.1 NP_989616.1
lizard (Anolis carolinensis)	Reptilia	DFFB⁶	--	58(a)	1 ↔ 1	GL343537.1(55285-58574)
zebrafish (Danio rerio)	Actinopterygii	dffb²	DNA fragmentation factor, beta polypeptide (caspase-activated more	74.27(n)		373130 AF286179.1
fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)	Insecta	Drep-4¹	DNA fragmentation factor-related protein 4	47.49(n) 36.14(a)		34734 NM_135787.3 NP_609631.1

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for DFFB (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for DFFB (if available)

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene,
²Ensembl, and ³SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to ⁴Pseudogene.org Build 68)
About This Section

Paralogs for DFFB gene

DFFB for paralogs About GeneDecksing

2 Pseudogenes.org Pseudogenes for DFFB
PGOHUM00000263212 PGOHUM00000236007

(SNPs/Variants according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
About This Section

SNP ID	Valid	Clinical significance	Chr 1 pos	Sequence	#	AA Chg	Type	More	#	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
Genomic Data					Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--
rs114176026^1,2	F,	--	3771894(+)	`GCACAT/CGCCAC`	2	--	int¹ us2k¹		2		NA EA	240
rs70940333^1,2	C	--	3771913(-)	`CCTAC-/AAAAAA`	2	--	int¹ us2k¹		1		NA	2
rs189832001^1,2		--	3772023(+)	`CCGCCA/GAGCCT`	2	--	us2k¹ int¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs117431877^1,2	F,	--	3772055(+)	`AACACT/CCTCTG`	2	--	us2k¹ int¹		1		EA	120
rs182483567^1,2		--	3772124(+)	`TATGCC/TATACT`	2	--	us2k¹ int¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs139558036^1,2		--	3772162(+)	`TGGCAC/TTTAAG`	2	--	us2k¹ int¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs187172732^1,2		--	3772229(+)	`GTATTG/TGAAAA`	2	--	int¹ us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs4648348^1,2	C,F,	--	3772275(+)	`TTCCAG/TTTGTA`	2	--	int¹ us2k¹		7		NA WA EA	366
rs4564078^1,2	C,F,A,H,	--	3772359(+)	`TTAGGC/TTCTAT`	2	--	us2k¹ int¹ tfbs³		23		NS EA NA WA CSA	2347
rs191834449^1,2		--	3772435(+)	`TTCCTC/TACCAG`	2	--	int¹ us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for DFFB (3773845 - 3801993 bp)
Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 1 variation for DFFB
1 Indel: 24198

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(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
About This Section

DFFB for disorders           About GeneDecksing

OMIM gene information: 601883    OMIM disorders: --

20/26 diseases for DFFB (see all 26):    About MalaCards

polyarteritis nodosa temporal lobe epilepsy status epilepticus non-hodgkin lymphoma

hodgkin's lymphoma dilated cardiomyopathy huntington's disease squamous cell carcinoma

cervical carcinoma cervicitis oligodendroglioma cardiomyopathy

esophageal carcinoma cervical cancer seizures esophagitis

carcinoma prostate cancer glioblastoma cerebritis

8 Novoseek disease relationships for DFFB gene About this table

Disease	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
ehrlich ascites tumor	40.9	2	17372679 (1), 16216405 (1)
huntington disease	24.6	2	16202123 (1), 15644269 (1)
cervical carcinoma	12.6	2	14725611 (1), 17239993 (1)
tumors	11	8	16156899 (2), 11606398 (1), 17372679 (1), 16216405 (1)
necrosis	9.51	6	11752060 (2), 17218958 (1), 16156899 (1), 11606398 (1)
cancer	4.12	2	12610505 (1), 16007181 (1)
ischemia	0	4	11752060 (2), 15237451 (1)
adenocarcinoma	0	1	14725611 (1)

Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: DFFB (1 document)

Export disorders for DFFB gene to outside databases

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Entrez Gene, ²UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ³HGNC, ⁴GAD, ⁵PharmGKB, ⁶HMDB, ⁷DrugBank, ⁸UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁹ Novoseek, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

PubMed articles for DFFB gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 139):
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with DFFB)

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world of online information

CPAN, a human nuclease regulated by the caspase-sensitive inhibitor DFF45. (PubMed id 9560346)^{1, 2, 3, 9} Halenbeck R....Williams L.T. (1998)
Histone H1 subtype preferences of DFF40 and possible nuclear localization of DFF40/45 in normal and trichostatin A-treated NB4 leuke mic cells. (PubMed id 19882353)^{1, 2, 9} Ninios Y.P....Sourlingas T.G. (2010)
Structure and mutation analysis of the gene encoding DNA fragmentation factor 40 (caspase-activated nuclease), a candidate neuroblastoma tumour suppressor gene. (PubMed id 10830907)^{1, 2, 9} Judson H.... Bonthron D.T. (2000)
Molecular cloning and characterization of human caspase-activated DNase. (PubMed id 9689044)^{1, 2, 9} Mukae N....Nagata S. (1998)
An unappreciated role for RNA surveillance. (PubMed id 14759258)^{1, 2} Hillman R.T.... Brenner S.E. (2004)
The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)^{1, 2} Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
The 40-kDa subunit of DNA fragmentation factor induces DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation during apoptosis. (PubMed id 9671700)^{1, 2} Liu X.... Wang X. (1998)
DFF, a heterodimeric protein that functions downstream of caspase-3 to trigger DNA fragmentation during apoptosis. (PubMed id 9108473)^{1, 3} Liu X.... Wang X. (1997)
Structure of the heterodimeric complex between CAD domains of CAD and ICAD. (PubMed id 10932250)^{1, 9} Otomo T....Yamazaki T. (2000)
Heat shock protein 70 binds caspase-activated DNase and enhances its activity in TCR-stimulated T cells. (PubMed id 12738667)^{1, 9} Liu Q.L....Muraguchi A. (2003)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
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		AND	OR
Aliases
Disorders
Free Text

Query String		PubMed OMIM NCBI Bookshelf
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(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
About This Section

Entrez Gene: 1677	HGNC: 2773	AceView: DFFB	Ensembl:ENSG00000169598	euGenes: HUgn1677
ECgene: DFFB	Kegg: 1677	H-InvDB: DFFB

(According to HUGE)
About This Section

(According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
About This Section

Name	Description
PharmGKB entry for DFFB	Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
ATLAS Chromosomes in Cancer entry for DFFB	Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology

Intellectual Property for DFFB gene
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Patent Information for DFFB gene:
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GeneCards and IP:
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