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Category Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21

GIFtS
-

DEGS2 Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 50
GCID: GC14M100612

delta(4)-desaturase, sphingolipid 2

(Previous names: chromosome 14 open reading frame 66, degenerative spermatocyte...)
(Previous symbol: C14orf66)

Explore 3 diseases affiliated with
DEGS2 via

MalaCards

our new
Human Malady Compendium

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
Delta(4)-Desaturase, Sphingolipid 2¹ ²		Sphingolipid C4-Hydroxylase/Delta 4-Desaturase²
C14orf66¹ ² ³		Sphingolipid Delta 4 Desaturase/C-4 Hydroxylase²
DES2¹ ² ⁵		Sphingolipid Delta(4)-Desaturase 2²
FADS8¹ ²		Sphingolipid Delta(4)-Desaturase/C4-Hydroxylase DES2²
Chromosome 14 Open Reading Frame 66¹		EC 1.-.-.-³
Degenerative Spermatocyte Homolog 2, Lipid Desaturase (Drosophila)¹		EC 1.14.-.-³
Degenerative Spermatocyte Homolog 2, Lipid Desaturase²		Degenerative Spermatocyte Homolog 2³

External Ids:	HGNC: 20113¹	Entrez Gene: 123099²	Ensembl: ENSG00000168350⁷	OMIM: 610862⁵	UniProtKB: Q6QHC5³

Export aliases for DEGS2 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC14M099683 GC14M080795

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for DEGS2:

This gene encodes a bifunctional enzyme that is involved in the biosynthesis of phytosphingolipids in human skin and in

other phytosphingolipid-containing tissues. This enzyme can act as a sphingolipid delta(4)-desaturase, and also as a

sphingolipid C4-hydroxylase. (provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: DEGS2_HUMAN, Q6QHC5

Function: Bifunctional enzyme which acts as both a sphingolipid delta(4)-desaturase and a sphingolipid C4-hydroxylase

(By similarity)

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000014.8 NC_018925.1 NT_026437.12

Regulatory elements:

SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the DEGS2 gene promoter:
HFH-3 Brachyury NCX/Ncx Pax-2 AP-4 Pax-2a GATA-1 FOXI1 Pax-2b FOXJ2 (long isoform)
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: DEGS2 promoter sequence

Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for DEGS2

Epigenetics:

QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat DEGS2

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 14q32.2 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 14q32.2 HGNC cytogenetic band: 14q32.2

DEGS2 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
DEGS2 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 14 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC14M100612: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	100,612,753 bp from pter	End:	100,626,500 bp from pter
Size:	13,748 bases	Orientation:	minus strand

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to ²PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: DEGS2_HUMAN, Q6QHC5 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Sphingolipid delta(4)-desaturase/C4-hydroxylase DES2

Size: 323 amino acids; 37197 Da

Subcellular location: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein (By similarity)

Secondary accessions: Q6P492

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for DEGS2: NX_Q6QHC5

Post-translational modifications:

View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus²

View neXtProt modification sites for NX_Q6QHC5

DEGS2 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb: About this image

REFSEQ proteins: NP_996801.2

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000307126 ENSP00000450637

Reactome Protein details: Q6QHC5
Human Recombinant Protein Products for DEGS2:

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	Uscn Proteins for DEGS2

Gene Ontology (GO): 2 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005789	endoplasmic reticulum membrane	TAS	--
GO:0016021	integral to membrane	IEA	--

DEGS2 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

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	Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for DEGS2

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

DEGS2 for domains About GeneDecksing

3 InterPro domains/families:

IPR013866 Sphingolipid_d4-desaturase_N

IPR005804 Fatty_acid_desaturase-1

IPR011388 Sphingolipid_d4-desaturase

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry Q6QHC5

ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q6QHC5

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: DEGS2_HUMAN, Q6QHC5

Similarity: Belongs to the fatty acid desaturase family. DEGS subfamily

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013, inGenious Targeting Laboratory,
bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase, shRNA from OriGene, Sirion Biotech, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Sirion Biotech, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, Sirion Biotech, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Molecular Function:

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary: DEGS2_HUMAN, Q6QHC5

Function: Bifunctional enzyme which acts as both a sphingolipid delta(4)-desaturase and a sphingolipid C4-hydroxylase

(By similarity)

Induction: Up-regulated during keratinocyte differentiation. Not expressed at day 0 or day 3 after differentiation,

detected on day 6 and increases by day 9

Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB): EC 1.14.-.-¹ EC 1.-.-.-¹

Gene Ontology (GO): 3 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0000170	sphingosine hydroxylase activity	IEA	--
GO:0016705	oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen	--	--
GO:0042284	sphingolipid delta-4 desaturase activity	IEA	--

DEGS2 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

Animal Models:

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In Situ Assay
Products:

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(Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, ³I2D, and/or ⁴STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
About This Section

Unified GeneCards pathways About this table

See pathways by source

Super-pathway

contained gene-specific pathways

Sphingolipid metabolism

	Sphingolipid metabolism	1.00			Sphingolipid de novo biosynthesis	0.46
	Sphingolipid metabolism	0.54

Metabolism

	Metabolism	1.00			Metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins	0.34
	Metabolic pathways	0.38

ceramide biosynthesis

ceramide biosynthesis

1.00

Pathway sources
See GeneCards unified pathways
Show all pathways

1 BioSystems Pathway for DEGS2

ceramide biosynthesis

4 Reactome Pathways for DEGS2

	Sphingolipid metabolism
	Metabolism
	Metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins
	Sphingolipid de novo biosynthesis

2 Kegg Pathways (Kegg details for DEGS2):

	Sphingolipid metabolism
	Metabolic pathways

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: DEGS2_HUMAN, Q6QHC5

Pathway: Membrane lipid metabolism; sphingolipid biosynthesis

DEGS2 for pathways About GeneDecksing

Interactions:

Search SABiosciences Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Networks for DEGS2

STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 22)

5/22 Interacting proteins for DEGS2 (ENSP00000307126⁴) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 22)

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
ACER1	ENSP00000301452⁴	STRING: ENSP00000301452
ASAH1	ENSP00000371152⁴	STRING: ENSP00000371152
ASAH2	ENSP00000378897⁴	STRING: ENSP00000378897
CERK	ENSP00000216264⁴	STRING: ENSP00000216264
PPAP2A	ENSP00000264775⁴	STRING: ENSP00000264775

About this table

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/7 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 7): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0006633	fatty acid biosynthetic process	IEA	--
GO:0006644	phospholipid metabolic process	TAS	--
GO:0006665	sphingolipid metabolic process	TAS	--
GO:0006667	sphinganine metabolic process	IEA	--
GO:0030148	sphingolipid biosynthetic process	TAS	--

DEGS2 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
About This Section

Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Browse Tocris compounds for DEGS2

1 HMDB Compound for DEGS2 About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	PubMed Ids
Dihydroceramide	N-Acylsphinganine (see all 2)	--	--

Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about DEGS2

(Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
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Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
About This Section

REFSEQ mRNAs for DEGS2 gene:

NM_206918.2

Unigene Cluster for DEGS2:

Delta(4)-desaturase, sphingolipid 2

Hs.159643 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: BC063598

3 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:

ENST00000305631(uc001ygx.2) ENST00000553834 ENST00000557117

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Additional cDNA sequence:

AY541700.1 BC063598.1

2 DOTS entries:

DT.97836458 DT.91746859

19 AceView cDNA sequences:

BM817460 BG739820 BM790771 BQ129385 CA314430 BM789564 CA488047 CB306252

BG698427 AY541700 CA488627 BE562826 NM_206918 CB242859 BC063598 BM821335

BE378727 AA282457 BG742605

GeneLoc Exon Structure

(RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
About This Section

DEGS2 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS
CGAP TAG: ACCTGGGTGC

About this image

DEGS2 expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells
Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine About this table

1 LifeMap In Vivo Development Anatomical Compartment/Cell

Tissue

Anatomical Compartment

Cell

Category (developmental path)

Brain

Blood Brain Barrier

Adult Endothelial Cells

Blood Brain Barrier, Endothelium

Expression:

Positive

Negative

Selective marker

Experimental details:

Curated

Microarrays

In-situ hybridization

See DEGS2 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
Genevestigator expression for DEGS2

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.159643

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: DEGS2_HUMAN, Q6QHC5

Tissue specificity: Highly expressed in skin, intestine and kidney

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In Situ
Assay Products:

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(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD , ⁵MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or ⁶Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
About This Section

This gene was present in the common ancestor of eukaryotes.

Orthologs for DEGS2 gene from 10/31 species (see all 31) About this table

Organism	Taxonomic classification	Gene	Description	Human Similarity	Orthology Type	Details
mouse (Mus musculus)	Mammalia	Degs2^{1 , 5}	degenerative spermatocyte homolog 2 (Drosophila), lipid more^{1, 5}	82.46(n)¹ 86.38(a)¹		12 (59.46 cM)⁵ 70059¹ NM_027299.5¹ NP_081575.2¹ 108686792⁵
chicken (Gallus gallus)	Aves	DEGS2¹	degenerative spermatocyte homolog 2, lipid desaturase more	68.43(n) 74.77(a)		423454 XM_421364.3 XP_421364.2
lizard (Anolis carolinensis)	Reptilia	DEGS2⁶	--	71(a)	1 ↔ 1	GL344859.1(4033-15409)
tropical clawed frog (Xenopus tropicalis)	Amphibia	MGC75791²	hypothetical protein MGC75791	72.17(n)		BC061313.1
zebrafish (Danio rerio)	Actinopterygii	Dr.17314²	Danio rerio, Similar to RIKEN cDNA 2210008A03 gene, more	75(n)		BC045962.1
fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)	Insecta	ifc¹	infertile crescent	63.3(n) 57.73(a)		33836 NM_057246.4 NP_476594.1
worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)	Secernentea	ttm-5¹	Protein TTM-5	53.58(n) 54.21(a)		173327 NM_061148.2 NP_493549.1
A. gossypii yeast (Ashbya gossypii)	Saccharomycetes	AGOS_AGR025W¹	AGR025Wp	56.17(n) 45.25(a)		4622989 NM_211752.1 NP_986690.1
thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)	eudicotyledons	DES-1-LIKE¹	sphingolipid delta-4 desaturase	51.04(n) 46.56(a)		825832 NM_116731.3 NP_192402.1
rice (Oryza sativa)	Liliopsida	Os02g0639600¹	hypothetical protein	54.97(n) 48.52(a)		4330104 NM_001054075.1 NP_001047540.1

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for DEGS2 (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for DEGS2 (if available)

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene,
²Ensembl, and ³SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to ⁴Pseudogene.org Build 68)
About This Section

Paralogs for DEGS2 gene

DEGS1²

1 SIMAP similar gene for DEGS2 using alignment to 2 protein entries: DEGS2_HUMAN (see all proteins):

DEGS1

DEGS2 for paralogs About GeneDecksing

(SNPs/Variants according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
About This Section

SNP ID	Valid	Clinical significance	Chr 14 pos	Sequence	#	AA Chg	Type	More	#	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
Genomic Data					Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--
rs181813638^1,2		--	100612306(+)	`GTGGGA/GGATAG`	1	--	ds500¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs116724027^1,2	F	--	100612332(+)	`AGGGAC/TGCTCC`	1	--	ds500¹		1		WA	118
rs150714503^1,2		--	100612652(+)	`CGAAGC/TGGCAC`	1	--	ds500¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs201412353^1,2		--	100612673(+)	`AGCTC-/CACTCAT`	1	--	ds500¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs186330688^1,2		--	100612746(+)	`GCACAA/GTCCAT`	1	--	ds500¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs138041057^1,2		--	100612798(+)	`ACCCCA/GGAGAA`	1	--	ut3¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs111444226^1,2	F	--	100612806(+)	`GAAGTG/CAGCTC`	1	--	ut3¹		1		CSA	4
rs116484520^1,2	C,F	--	100612970(+)	`GCTGCG/ACGGGA`	1	--	ut3¹		1		WA	118
rs115442241^1,2	C,F	--	100613058(+)	`GGGGCC/TGATGG`	1	--	ut3¹		1		WA	118
rs2236317^1,2	C,F,H	--	100613093(+)	`CAGCCC/TGGGCT`	1	--	ut3¹		20		EA NS NA WA EU	4190

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for DEGS2 (100612753 - 100626500 bp)
Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) variations for DEGS2: --

SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays

QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing DEGS2

DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for DEGS2

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
About This Section

DEGS2 for disorders           About GeneDecksing

OMIM gene information: 610862    OMIM disorders: --

3 diseases for DEGS2:    About MalaCards

carotid stenosis infertility hypoxia

Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: DEGS2 (1 document)

Export disorders for DEGS2 gene to outside databases

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Entrez Gene, ²UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ³HGNC, ⁴GAD, ⁵PharmGKB, ⁶HMDB, ⁷DrugBank, ⁸UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁹ Novoseek, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

PubMed articles for DEGS2 gene integrated from 9 sources:
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with DEGS2)

Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
world of online information

Identification of the human sphingolipid C4-hydroxylase, hDES2, and its up-regulation during keratinocyte differentiation. (PubMed id 15063729)^{1, 2, 9} Mizutani Y.... Igarashi Y. (2004)
Dihydroceramide-based response to hypoxia. (PubMed id 21914808)¹ Devlin C.M....Petrache I. (2011)
GWAS for discovery and replication of genetic loci as sociated with sudden cardiac arrest in patients with coronary artery disease. (PubMed id 21658281)¹ Aouizerat B.E....Tseng Z.H. (2011)
An approach based on a genome-wide association study reveals candidate loci for narcolepsy. (PubMed id 20677014)¹ Shimada M....Tokunaga K. (2010)
Transcriptome analysis of human gastric cancer. (PubMed id 16341674)¹ Oh J.H....Kim N.S. (2005)
The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)² Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 14. (PubMed id 12508121)² Heilig R.... Weissenbach J. (2003)
Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. (PubMed id 12477932)¹ Strausberg R.L....Marra M.A. (2002)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
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		AND	OR
Aliases
Free Text

Query String		PubMed OMIM NCBI Bookshelf
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(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
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Entrez Gene: 123099	HGNC: 20113	AceView: C14orf66	Ensembl:ENSG00000168350	euGenes: HUgn123099
ECgene: DEGS2	Kegg: 123099	H-InvDB: DEGS2

(According to HUGE)
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(According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
About This Section

Name	Description
PharmGKB entry for DEGS2	Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways

Intellectual Property for DEGS2 gene
(Patent information from GeneIP, Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts, IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)

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Patent Information for DEGS2 gene:
Search GeneIP for patents involving DEGS2

GeneCards and IP:
Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards Improving the IP Search

(Antibodies, recombinant proteins, and assays from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, QIAGEN, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, SABiosciences, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, Enzo Life Sciences, Abcam, ProSpec, Uscn, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Gene Editing from DNA2.0 and Sirion Biotech, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, SwitchGear Genomics, Vector BioLabs, Cell lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, and Sirion Biotech, PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Drugs and/or compounds from EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Enzo Life Sciences, In Situ Hybridization Assays from
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delta(4)-desaturase, sphingolipid 2

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DEGS2 Gene

delta(4)-desaturase, sphingolipid 2

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