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DCD Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 47

GC12M053324

dermcidin
Symbol approved by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) database

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc , and/or ⁷Ensembl, ⁸miRBase)
About This Section

Aliases
AIDD ^¹, ², ³
DCD-1 ^¹, ²
DSEP ^¹, ², ³
HCAP ^¹, ²
MGC71930 ^²
PIF ^¹, ²
Preproteolysin ^³
dermcidin ^²
preproteolysin ^²

Descriptions
diffusible survival/evasion peptide ^²
proteolysis inducing factor ^²
survival promoting peptide ^²

External Ids
HGNC: 14669¹
Entrez Gene: 117159²
UniProtKB: P81605³
Ensembl: ENSG00000161634⁷

Search outside databases for aliases for DCD gene

Previous GC identifers: GC12P049932 GC12M055152 GC12M054755

(According to Entrez Gene, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
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EntrezGene summary for DCD:

This gene encodes a secreted protein that is subsequently processed into mature peptides of

distinct biological activities. The C-terminal peptide is constitutively expressed in sweat and

has antibacterial and antifungal activities. The N-terminal peptide, also known as diffusible

survival evasion peptide, promotes neural cell survival under conditions of severe oxidative

stress. A glycosylated form of the N-terminal peptide may be associated with cachexia (muscle

wasting) in cancer patients. [provided by RefSeq]

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: DCD_HUMAN, P81605

Function: Survival-promoting peptide promotes survival of neurons and displays phosphatase

activity. It may bind IgG

Gene Wiki entry for DCD

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 36),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC and Ensembl, Transcription factor binding sites according to SABiosciences)
About This Section

Genomic View:

UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Transcription factor binding sites upstream to the DCD gene

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 12q13.1 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 12q13.2 HGNC cytogenetic band: 12q13.1

DCD Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)

GeneLoc gene densities for chromosome 12 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC12M053324: (about GC identifiers)

Start:	53,324,642 bp from pter
End:	53,328,544 bp from pter
Size:	3,903 bases
Orientation:	minus strand

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000012.10 NT_029419.11

(According to ¹UniProtKB, and/or Ensembl, Phosphorylation sites according to ²Phosphosite, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from Invitrogen, Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Enzo Life Sciences, Abnova, OriGene and/or, Abcam,
Biochemical Assays by Invitrogen, Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, and/or Enzo Life Sciences, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by Invitrogen, Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, Abcam, Abnova, and/or Novus Biologicals)
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UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: DCD_HUMAN, P81605 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Dermcidin precursor

Size: 110 amino acids; 11284 Da

Cofactor: Manganese. Required for survival-promoting peptide

Subcellular location: Secreted

Mass spectrometry: Mass=4702.57; Method=Electrospray; Range=63-109; Source=PubMed:11694882;

Secondary accessions: P58461

Post-translational modifications:

View phosphorylation sites using PhosphoSite²

REFSEQ proteins: NP_444513.1

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000293371

Human Recombinant Proteins

	Browse Drug Discovery Central at Invitrogen for human recombinant proteins
	Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at Millipore
	Browse Human Recombinant Proteins at Sigma-Aldrich
	Browse R&D Systems for human recombinant proteins
	Browse recombinant and purified proteins available from Enzo Life Sciences
	Recombinant Proteins from Abcam (Dermcidin)
	Browse Abnova for Human Recombinant Proteins

Browse Origene for full length recombinant human proteins expressed in human HEK293 cells

1 Gene Ontology (GO) cellular component term (links to tree view):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005576	extracellular region	IDA	9736629

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Antibodies for DCD:

	Browse Antibodies Central at Invitrogen
	Browse Millipore's Extensive Line of Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies
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	Antibodies from Abcam (Dermcidin), each with their Abpromise^SM
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Assays for DCD:

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	Browse biochemical assays available from Enzo Life Sciences

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
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ProtoNet protein and cluster: P81605

(According to MGI Jun 06 2009, UniProtKB, IUBMB,and/or Genatlas,
shRNA from OriGene, Sigma-Aldrich, RNAi from Sigma-Aldrich,
RNAi Products, Clones, and Q-PCR Products from Invitrogen, Millipore, OriGene, and/or Abnova, siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, SYBR primers from OriGene, Cell-based Assays from Millipore, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 via Entrez Gene.)
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Inhib. RNA:		Browse Invitrogen for RNAi
		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
		Abnova Chimera RNAi Products for Gene knock-down (DCD)

OriGene 29mer shRNA kit in GFP-retroviral vector: NM_053283

Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs for DCD

Sigma-Aldrich siRNA for DCD

Sigma-Aldrich shRNA for DCD

Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs

Clones:		Invitrogen Clones for DCD
		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from Millipore

OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_053283
Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_053283
untagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_053283

Primers:

Browse Quantitative PCR Central at Invitrogen for Q-PCR LUX™ Primers

OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs: NM_053283

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: DCD_HUMAN, P81605

Function: DCD-1 displays antimicrobial activity thereby limiting skin infection by potential

pathogens in the first few hours after bacterial colonization. Highly effective against E.coli,

E.faecalis, S.aureus and C.albicans. Optimal pH and salt concentration resemble the conditions in

sweat

Function: Survival-promoting peptide promotes survival of neurons and displays phosphatase

activity. It may bind IgG

2 Gene Ontology (GO) molecular function terms (links to tree view):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI	17353931 17373842
GO:0030145	manganese ion binding	IEA	--

About this table

(Pathways according to Invitrogen (maps by GeneGo), Millipore, Cell Signaling Technology, Sigma-Aldrich, KEGG and/or UniProtKB,
Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Proteins Network according to SABiosciences, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, and/or ³STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 via Entrez Gene.)
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Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for DCD

5/22 Interacting proteins for DCD (ENSP00000293371³ P81605¹) via UniProtKB, MINT, and/or STRING (see all 22 )

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
CD2BP2	O95400¹	EBI-395625, EBI-768015
CDC42BPB	Q9Y5S2¹	EBI-395625, EBI-1043430
EIF2B1	Q14232¹	EBI-395625, EBI-491065
FAM107A	O95990¹	EBI-395625, EBI-743396
MDM2	Q00987¹	EBI-395625, EBI-389668

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3 Gene Ontology (GO) biological process terms (links to tree view):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0006805	xenobiotic metabolic process	IEA	--
GO:0042742	defense response to bacterium	IEA	--
GO:0050832	defense response to fungus	IEA	--

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(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, Sigma-Aldrich, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Novoseek and Drugs according to Enzo Life Sciences and/or PharmGKB)
About This Section

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Browse Small Molecules at Sigma-Aldrich

Browse Tocris compounds for DCD

(GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 219 Homo sapiens; Jun 2 2009) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView,
non coding RNAs according to RNAdb,
ESTs according to GeneTide,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from Invitrogen, Millipore, and/or Abnova,
siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, Sigma-Aldrich,
shRNA from Sigma-Aldrich, OriGene,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene,
Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems)
About This Section

Inhib. RNA:		Browse Invitrogen for RNAi
		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
		Abnova Chimera RNAi Products for Gene knock-down (DCD)

OriGene 29mer shRNA kit in GFP-retroviral vector: NM_053283

Sigma-Aldrich siRNA for DCD

Sigma-Aldrich shRNA for DCD

Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs

Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs:

NM_053283

REFSEQ mRNAs for DCD gene:

NM_053283.2

Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays:

NM_053283

              OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_053283
                                 Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_053283
                                 untagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_053283

Additional cDNA sequence:

AF144011.1 AY590150.1 BC062682.1 BC069108.1 EF503687.1 EF503688.1 EF503689.1

1 DOTS entry:

DT.99945647

8 AceView cDNA sequences:

CD103709 BC069108 AF144011 NM_053283 BC062682 AL598959 AY590150 CD000439

highest scoring ESTs for DCD:

AF144011 AL598959 AY590150 BC062682 BC069108 CD000439 CD103709 CB999228 CD000831 NM_053283

Unigene Cluster for DCD:

Dermcidin

Hs.350570 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: CB999228

GeneLoc Exon Structure

1 Ensembl transcript including schematic representation:

ENST00000293371

(Experimental results according to ¹GeneNote and GNF BioGPS,
probe sets-to-genes annotations according to ²GeneAnnot , ³GeneTide , Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Electronic Northern calculations according to data from UniGene (Build 219 Homo sapiens), SAGE tags according to CGAP, plus additional links to SOURCE, and/or GNF BioGPS, and/or EXPOLDB, and/or UniProtKB,
Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems )
About This Section

DCD expression in normal and diseased human tissues

Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays for DCD

¹ / ²

1 probe-set matching DCD gene

	Affymetrix probe-set	Array	# genes	Sensitivity	Specificity	Correlation	Length	Gb_Accession	Consensus	Uniqueness	Score	Rank
	Affymetrix probe-set	Array	GeneAnnot data			GeneNote data		GeneTide data
	1553946_at²	U133Plus2	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	--	--	--	--	--

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Data from

(Publications) and GNF BioGPS
About these images
About these images

CGAP SAGE TAG: ACGTTAAAGA

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.350570
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: DCD_HUMAN, P81605
Tissue specificity: Specifically and constitutively expressed in eccrine sweat gland cells.
Secreted into the sweat at a concentration of 1-10 micrograms/ml

(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD and/or ⁵MGI Jun 06 2009, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, Gene Trees according to Ensembl)
About This Section

Orthologs for DCD gene from 1 species

Organism	Gene	Locus	Description	Human Similarity	NCBI accessions
chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)	DCD¹	--	dermcidin	99.7(n) 100(a)	748033 XM_001170688.1 XP_001170688.1

About this table Species with no ortholog for DCD

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for DCD

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene
and ²Ensembl, Pseudogenes according to ³Pseudogene.org)
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(According to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, and UniProtKB, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Genotyping Reagents from Applied Biosystems)
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10/44 NCBI SNPs in DCD are shown (see all 44 )
(Click for Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Genotyping Assay) (see all 45)

AB	SNP ID	Valid	Chr 12 pos	Sequence	Recs	AA Chg	Type	More	Recs	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
AB	Genomic Data				Transcription Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--				--
--	rs10876576^1,2	A,C,F,H	53329759(+)	`GCCCTG/ATTCCT`	1	--	ng3¹		7		EU EA WA NA	548
	rs7969206^1,2	A,C,F,H	53329225(+)	`TTTGTT/CGTTTA`	1	--	ng3¹		15		EU EA WA NA	1400
	rs10783635^1,2	A,C,F,H	53329952(+)	`GTAGAC/GAAAGC`	1	--	ng3¹		16		EA NA EU WA	1472
	rs11171001^1,2	A,C,F,H	53329074(+)	`CTTCAT/GATAGG`	1	--	ng3¹		6		EU EA WA MN	814
	rs10876575^1,2	A,C,F,H	53329500(+)	`ccaaaT/Gtcaat`	1	--	ng3¹		4		EU EA WA	420
--	rs10876577^1,2	A,C,F	53329865(+)	`TGTGGT/CCTTGC`	1	--	ng3¹		3		NA	142
	rs10876574^1,2	A,F,H	53329345(+)	`catgtA/Ctttag`	1	--	ng3¹		4		EU EA WA	412
	rs11171000^1,2	A,C,F	53328627(+)	`CCTTTT/GCCTGC`	1	--	ng3¹ trp³		5		NA EA MN	542
--	rs11171003^1,2	A	53329430(+)	`tctgtA/Gtgtgt`	1	--	ng3¹		0	--	--	--	--
	rs12422266^1,2	H	53325301(+)	`CTCCGT/GCTAGG`	1	A/D	mis¹ ese³		4		EU EA WA	420

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HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium images for DCD (up to first 250kb)

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to OMIM, UniProtKB, Novoseek, PharmGKB, Genatlas, GeneTests, Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, HGMD, GAD, HuGE Navigator, BCGD, and/or TGDB.)
About This Section

OMIM: 606634

4 Novoseek disease relationships for DCD gene

Disease	Score	Articles	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
skin diseases	32.36	1	18620136 (1)
breast cancer	22.39	4	18949710 (2), 17448443 (1), 17626247 (1)
cancer	6.11	5	18403914 (1), 16142329 (1), 17448443 (1), 15355918 (1)
tumors	2.31	2	15355918 (1), 18006755 (1)

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Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator: DCD (3 documents)

(Possibly Related Articles in Doctor's Guide)
About This Section

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Novoseek, ²HGNC, ³Entrez Gene, ⁴UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁵UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁶GAD, and/or ⁷PharmGKB)
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10/50 PubMed articles for DCD gene (see all 50 ):

Dermcidin: a novel human antibiotic peptide secreted by sweat glands. (PubMed id 11694882)^{1, 2, 3, 4} Schittek B.... Garbe C. (2001)
Signal peptide prediction based on analysis of experimentally verified cleavage sites. (PubMed id 15340161)^{3, 4} Zhang Z. and Henzel W.J. (2004)
The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)^{3, 4} Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
Identification of a survival-promoting peptide in medium conditioned by oxidatively stressed cell lines of nervous system origin. (PubMed id 9736629)^{3, 4} Cunningham T.J.... Wang Y. (1998)
Variation in dermcidin expression in a range of primary human tumours and in hypoxic/oxidatively stressed human cell lines. (PubMed id 18594538)^{1, 3} Stewart G.D....Ross J.A. (2008)
The cachectic mediator proteolysis inducing factor activates NF-kappaB and STAT3 in human Kupffer cells and monocytes. (PubMed id 16142329)^{1, 3} Watchorn T.M....Ross J.A. (2005)
Dermcidin expression in hepatic cells improves survival without N-glycosylation, but requires asparagine residues. (PubMed id 16685272)^{1, 3} Lowrie A.G....Ross J.A. (2006)
The dermcidin gene in cancer: role in cachexia, carcinogenesis and tumour cell survival. (PubMed id 18403914)^{1, 3} Stewart G.D....Baracos V.E. (2008)
Identification of dermcidin in human gestational tissue and characterization of its proteolytic activity. (PubMed id 17448443)^{1, 3} Lee Motoyama J.P....Suzuki K. (2007)
Characterization of a human homologue of proteolysis-inducing factor and its role in cancer cachexia. (PubMed id 15355918)^{1, 3} Monitto C.L....Sidransky D. (2004)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
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		AND	OR
Aliases
Free Text

Query String		PubMed OMIM NCBI Bookshelf
	(Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, and/or H-InvDB)
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Entrez Gene: 117159	HGNC: 14669	AceView: DCD	Ensembl:ENSG00000161634	euGenes: HUgn117159
ECgene: DCD	H-InvDB: DCD

(According to HUGE)
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(According to ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, MTDB, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
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Name	Description
Protein Spotlight	http://www.expasy.org/spotlight/back_issues/sptlt018.shtml

Licensable Technologies for DCD
(Available from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts)

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(Reagents available from Applied Biosystems, Antibodies and assays by Cell Signaling Technology, Abcam, Novus Biologicals,
Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Millipore, Abnova, and/or Invitrogen, Clones available from OriGene,and/or Invitrogen, Drugs and/or compounds by Sigma-Aldrich,
Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Tocris Bioscience)
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Products for DCD:

TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays

TaqMan ® Genotyping Assays

Free SNP selection tool

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Invitrogen Antibodies	Invitrogen Assays
Invitrogen Clones	Invitrogen Q-PCR Products
Invitrogen Human Recombinant Kinases	Invitrogen Custom Antibody and Peptide Service
Invitrogen Proteins / Assays / Screening Services	Search Invitrogen catalog for DCD-related products

	Millipore Custom Antibody & Bulk Services
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DCD Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 47

Aliases &
Descriptions
for DCD

Summaries
for DCD

Genomic Location
for DCD

Proteins
for DCD

Protein Domains/
Families
for DCD

Gene Function
for DCD

Pathways & Interactions
for DCD

Drugs & Compounds
for DCD

Transcripts
for DCD

Expression
for DCD

Orthologs
for DCD

Paralogs
for DCD

SNPs/Variants
for DCD

Disorders & Mutations
for DCD

Medical News
for DCD

Publications
for DCD

Search for DCD

Genome Databases showing DCD

Other Databases showing DCD

Specialized Databases showing DCD

Licensable Technologies
for DCD

Services
for DCD

Gene Index: 3 5 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

DCD Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 47

Aliases & Descriptionsfor DCD

Summariesfor DCD

Genomic Locationfor DCD

Proteinsfor DCD

Protein Domains/Familiesfor DCD

Gene Functionfor DCD

Pathways & Interactionsfor DCD

Drugs & Compoundsfor DCD

Transcriptsfor DCD

Expression for DCD

Orthologsfor DCD

Paralogsfor DCD

SNPs/Variantsfor DCD

Disorders & Mutationsfor DCD

Medical Newsfor DCD

Publicationsfor DCD

Search for DCD

Genome Databases showing DCD

Other Databases showing DCD

Specialized Databases showing DCD

Licensable Technologiesfor DCD

Servicesfor DCD

Gene Index: 3 5 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Aliases &
Descriptions
for DCD

Summaries
for DCD

Genomic Location
for DCD

Proteins
for DCD

Protein Domains/
Families
for DCD

Gene Function
for DCD

Pathways & Interactions
for DCD

Drugs & Compounds
for DCD

Transcripts
for DCD

Expression
for DCD

Orthologs
for DCD

Paralogs
for DCD

SNPs/Variants
for DCD

Disorders & Mutations
for DCD

Medical News
for DCD

Publications
for DCD

Licensable Technologies
for DCD

Services
for DCD