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D2HGDH Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 44

GC02P242323
D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase
Symbol approved by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) database
Services    
(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc , and/or 7Ensembl, 8miRBase)
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Aliases
D2HGD 1, 2, 3, 5
EC 1.1.99.- 3
FLJ42195 1, 2
MGC25181 1, 2
Descriptions
D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase 2
External Ids
HGNC: 283581
Entrez Gene: 7282942
UniProtKB: Q8N4653
Ensembl: ENSG000001809027
Search outside databases for aliases for D2HGDH gene

Previous GC identifer: GC02P9M0151

(According to Entrez Gene, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
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EntrezGene summary for D2HGDH:
This gene encodes D-2hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase, a mitochondrial enzyme belonging to the
FAD-binding oxidoreductase/transferase type 4 family. This enzyme, which is most active in liver
and kidney but also active in heart and brain, converts D-2-hydroxyglutarate to 2-ketoglutarate.
Mutations in this gene are present in D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria, a rare recessive
neurometabolic disorder causing developmental delay, epilepsy, hypotonia, and dysmorphic features.
[provided by RefSeq]

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: D2HDH_HUMAN, Q8N465
Function: Catalyzes the oxidation of D-2-hydroxyglutarate to alpha-ketoglutarate

Gene Wiki entry for D2HGDH

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 36),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC and Ensembl, Transcription factor binding sites according to SABiosciences)
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Genomic View:
UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 2q37.3   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  2q37.3   HGNC cytogenetic band: 2p25.3

D2HGDH Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)

GeneLoc gene densities for chromosome 2         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC02P242323:     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
242,322,690 bp from pter
End:
242,356,904 bp from pter
Size:
34,215 bases
Orientation:
plus strand
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NT_113880.1  NC_000002.10  NT_005416.12  
(According to 1UniProtKB, and/or Ensembl, Phosphorylation sites according to 2Phosphosite, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from Invitrogen, Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Enzo Life Sciences, Abnova, OriGene and/or, Abcam,
Biochemical Assays by Invitrogen, Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, and/or Enzo Life Sciences, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by Invitrogen, Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, Abcam, Abnova, and/or Novus Biologicals)
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UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: D2HDH_HUMAN, Q8N465 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial precursor  
Size: 521 amino acids; 56416 Da
Cofactor: FAD (Potential)
Subcellular location: Mitochondrion (Probable)
Sequence caution: Sequence=AAH31817.2; Type=Miscellaneous discrepancy; Note=Intron retention;
Sequence=AAX82020.1; Type=Erroneous gene model prediction;
Secondary accessions: Q6IQ24 Q8N5Q8
Alternative splicing: 2 isoforms:  Q8N465-1   Q8N465-2   

REFSEQ proteins: NP_689996.4  

ENSEMBL proteins: 
ENSP00000315351 ENSP00000339536 ENSP00000384723 


Human Recombinant Proteins 
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                Browse Origene for full length recombinant human proteins expressed in human HEK293 cells 

1 Gene Ontology (GO) cellular component term (links to tree view):

GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
GO:0005739 mitochondrion ISS15070399
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Antibodies for D2HGDH: 
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Assays for D2HGDH: 
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(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
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4 InterPro domains/families:
 IPR016166 FAD-bd_2
 IPR004113 FAD-linked_oxidase_C
 IPR016167 FAD-bd_2_sub1
 IPR006094 Oxid_FAD_bind_N


   GeneDecks  D2HGDH for the domains selected above  
About GeneDecksing

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry Q8N465

ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q8N465

1 Blocks protein family: IPB004113 FAD linked oxidase

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: D2HDH_HUMAN, Q8N465
Similarity: Belongs to the FAD-binding oxidoreductase/transferase type 4 family
Similarity: Contains 1 FAD-binding PCMH-type domain

(According to MGI Jun 06 2009, UniProtKB, IUBMB,and/or Genatlas,
shRNA from OriGene, Sigma-Aldrich, RNAi from Sigma-Aldrich,
RNAi Products, Clones, and Q-PCR Products from Invitrogen, Millipore, OriGene, and/or Abnova, siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, SYBR primers from OriGene, Cell-based Assays from Millipore, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 via Entrez Gene.)
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Inhib.
RNA:
Browse Invitrogen for RNAi
Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
Browse Abnova for Chimera RNAi Products
                Browse Origene for 29mer shRNA kit in GFP-retroviral vector

              Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs for D2HGDH

              Sigma-Aldrich siRNA for D2HGDH  
                     Browse shRNA at Sigma-Aldrich  
                     Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs  

Clones:Invitrogen Clones for D2HGDH
Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from Millipore
              OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_152783
                                 Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_152783
                                 untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): BC036604 

Primers: Browse Quantitative PCR Central at Invitrogen for Q-PCR LUX™ Primers
              OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs: NM_152783

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: D2HDH_HUMAN, Q8N465
Function: Catalyzes the oxidation of D-2-hydroxyglutarate to alpha-ketoglutarate
Catalytic activity: (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + acceptor = 2-oxoglutarate + reduced acceptor
Enzyme regulation: Activated by zinc and cobalt
Enzyme Number (IUBMB): EC 1.1.99.- 

4 Gene Ontology (GO) molecular function terms (links to tree view):

GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
GO:0005515 protein binding IPI17353931
GO:0016491 oxidoreductase activity IEA--
GO:0050660 FAD binding IEA--
GO:0051990 (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase activity ISS15070399
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(Pathways according to Invitrogen (maps by GeneGo), Millipore, Cell Signaling Technology, Sigma-Aldrich, KEGG and/or UniProtKB,
Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Proteins Network according to SABiosciences, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, and/or 3STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 via Entrez Gene.)
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1 Interacting protein for D2HGDH (Q8N4651) via UniProtKB, MINT, and/or STRING
InteractantInteraction Details
GeneCardExternal ID(s)
RAB25P577351EBI-1053783, EBI-1050500
About this table

5/7 Gene Ontology (GO) biological process terms (links to tree view) (see all 7 ):

GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
GO:0010042 response to manganese ion ISS15070399
GO:0010043 response to zinc ion ISS15070399
GO:0032025 response to cobalt ion ISS15070399
GO:0032026NOT response to magnesium ion ISS15070399
GO:0044267 cellular protein metabolic process ISS15070399
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(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, Sigma-Aldrich, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Novoseek and Drugs according to Enzo Life Sciences and/or PharmGKB)
About This Section

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences
Browse Small Molecules at Sigma-Aldrich

Browse Tocris compounds for D2HGDH

(GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 219 Homo sapiens; Jun 2 2009) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView,
non coding RNAs according to RNAdb,
ESTs according to GeneTide,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from Invitrogen, Millipore, and/or Abnova,
siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, Sigma-Aldrich,
shRNA from Sigma-Aldrich, OriGene,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene,
Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems)
About This Section

Inhib.
RNA:
Browse Invitrogen for RNAi
Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
Browse Abnova for Chimera RNAi Products
                Browse Origene for 29mer shRNA kit in GFP-retroviral vector

              Sigma-Aldrich siRNA for D2HGDH  
                     Browse shRNA at Sigma-Aldrich  
                     Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs  

Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs: 

NM_152783  

REFSEQ mRNAs for D2HGDH gene: 

NM_152783.3   

Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays: 

NM_152783  

              OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_152783
                                 Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_152783
                                 untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): BC036604 

Additional cDNA sequence: 

AK304773.1 AK311066.1 

11 DOTS entries:

DT.92068331  DT.99969480  DT.75139555  DT.95211512  DT.108618  DT.121001808  DT.99937479  DT.108617 
DT.100781756  DT.102828291  DT.121001801 

highest scoring ESTs for D2HGDH:

AA478726 AA479430 AA700770 AF318334 AI283360 AI608921 AI927858 AI953659 AJ346772 AK027102 

Unigene Clusters for D2HGDH:

D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase
Hs.516813  [show with all ESTs], Hs.535639  [show with all ESTs]
Unigene Representative Sequences: BC036604, NM_152783


GeneLoc Exon Structure

5/8 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for D2HGDH (see all 8 )

ExUns: 1a · 1b · 1c ^ 2 ^ 3 ^ 4 ^ 5a · 5b ^ 6 ^ 7a · 7b · 7c ^ 8a · 8b ^ 9 ^ 10 ^ 11a · 11b ^ 12 ^ 13a · 13b · 13c
SP1:                                      -                 -                 -                                                         
SP2:                                                        -     -     -     -                 -     -     -                           
SP3:                    -                                   -     -     -     -                 -     -     -                           
SP4:                                                        -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -                           
SP5:                                                                                            -     -     -                           

About this scheme

ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for D2HGDH

3 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations:
ENST00000321264  ENST00000342518  ENST00000403782  
(Experimental results according to 1GeneNote and GNF BioGPS,
probe sets-to-genes annotations according to 2GeneAnnot , 3GeneTide , Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Electronic Northern calculations according to data from UniGene (Build 219 Homo sapiens), SAGE tags according to CGAP, plus additional links to SOURCE, and/or GNF BioGPS, and/or EXPOLDB, and/or UniProtKB,
Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems )
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D2HGDH expression in normal and diseased human tissues

 Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays for D2HGDH

1 / 2 / 3

3 probe-sets matching D2HGDH gene


Affymetrix
probe-set
Array  GeneAnnot data GeneNote data GeneTide data
# genes Sensitivity Specificity Correlation Length Gb_Accession Consensus Uniqueness Score Rank

50086_at2, 3 U95-B 2 1.00 0.50 1.00 1.00 AI927858 0.40 1.00 0.76 1

228738_at2, 3 U133-B 2 1.00 0.50 -- -- AI927858 0.40 1.00 0.76 1

228738_at2 U133Plus2 2 1.00 0.50 -- -- -- -- -- -- --
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Data from (Publications) and GNF BioGPS
    About these images
About these images

CGAP SAGE TAG: AATGTCCAGT

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene clusters: Hs.516813 Hs.535639
(Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD and/or 5MGI Jun 06 2009, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, Gene Trees according to Ensembl)
About This Section


Orthologs for D2HGDH gene from 2 species
Organism Gene Locus Description Human
Similarity
NCBI accessions
mouse
(Mus musculus)
D2hgdh5 1 D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase   -- CD544497 
baker's yeast
(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
DLD2(YDL178W)4 4(139523-141115) D-lactate dehydrogenase, located in the mitochondrial more   -- 851376  NP_010103.1 
About this table        Species with no ortholog for D2HGDH

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for D2HGDH
(Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene
and 2Ensembl, Pseudogenes according to 3Pseudogene.org)
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Paralogs for D2HGDH gene
LOC2570541  LDHD2  ENSG000002156922  AGPS2  

(According to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, and UniProtKB, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Genotyping Reagents from Applied Biosystems)
About This Section

  --
(in which this Gene is Involved, According to OMIM, UniProtKB, PharmGKB, Genatlas, GeneTests, Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, HGMD, GAD, HuGE Navigator, BCGD, and/or TGDB.)
About This Section

OMIM: 609186   disorders: 600721  

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: D2HDH_HUMAN, Q8N465

  • Defects in D2HGDH are the cause of D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (D2HGA) [MIM:600721].
    D2HGA is a rare recessive neurometabolic disorder causing developmental delay, epilepsy,
    hypotonia, and dysmorphic features. Both a mild and a severe phenotype exist. The severe phenotype
    is homogeneous and is characterized by early infantile-onset epileptic encephalopathy and
    cardiomyopathy. The mild phenotype has a more variable clinical presentation. Diagnosis is based
    on the presence of an excess of D-2-hydroxyglutaric acid in the urine
  • Human Gene Mutation Database: D2HGDH

    (Possibly Related Articles in Doctor's Guide)
    About This Section

      --

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Novoseek, 2HGNC, 3Entrez Gene, 4UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 5UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 6GAD, and/or 7PharmGKB)
    About This Section

    10/14 PubMed articles for D2HGDH gene (see all 14 ):
    (in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
    About This Section

     ANDOR
    Aliases
    Free Text  

      Query String
    PubMed
    OMIM
    NCBI Bookshelf
      (Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)
    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, and/or H-InvDB)
    About This Section

    Entrez Gene: 728294 HGNC: 28358 Ensembl:ENSG00000180902 euGenes: HUgn728294 ECgene: D2HGDH
    H-InvDB: D2HGDH
    (According to HUGE)
    About This Section

      --
    (According to ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, MTDB, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
    Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
    About This Section

    NameDescription
    GeneReviewshttp://www.genetests.org/query?gene=D2HGDH
    (Available from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts)
    About This Section

      --
    (Reagents available from Applied Biosystems, Antibodies and assays by Cell Signaling Technology, Abcam, Novus Biologicals,
    Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Millipore, Abnova, and/or Invitrogen, Clones available from OriGene,and/or Invitrogen, Drugs and/or compounds by Sigma-Aldrich,
    Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Tocris Bioscience)
    About This Section



    Products for D2HGDH:
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     TaqMan ® Genotyping Assays
      Free SNP selection tool



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