Aliases for CYP46A1 Gene
Aliases for CYP46A1 Gene
External Ids for CYP46A1 Gene
- HGNC: 2641
- Entrez Gene: 10858
- Ensembl: ENSG00000036530
- OMIM: 604087
- UniProtKB: Q9Y6A2
Previous HGNC Symbols for CYP46A1 Gene
- CYP46
Previous GeneCards Identifiers for CYP46A1 Gene
- GC14P093966
- GC14P098140
- GC14P099220
- GC14P100150
- GC14P080333
Summaries for CYP46A1 Gene
-
This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This endoplasmic reticulum protein is expressed in the brain, where it converts cholesterol to 24S-hydroxycholesterol. While cholesterol cannot pass the blood-brain barrier, 24S-hydroxycholesterol can be secreted in the brain into the circulation to be returned to the liver for catabolism. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
GeneCards Summary for CYP46A1 Gene
CYP46A1 (Cytochrome P450 Family 46 Subfamily A Member 1) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with CYP46A1 include Anus Disease and Bile Acid Synthesis Defect, Congenital, 2. Among its related pathways are Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts and Cytochrome P450 - arranged by substrate type. GO annotations related to this gene include iron ion binding and oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen. An important paralog of this gene is CYP3A5.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for CYP46A1 Gene
-
Involved in the turnover of cholesterol. It converts cholesterol into 24S-hydroxycholesterol and, to a lesser extent, 25-hydroxycholesterol. Has also activity with xenobiotic compounds, such as clotrimazole.
No data available for CIViC summary , Tocris Summary , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , fRNAdb sequence ontologies and piRNA Summary for CYP46A1 Gene
Genomics for CYP46A1 Gene
Regulatory Elements for CYP46A1 Gene
Enhancers for CYP46A1 Gene
| GeneHancer Identifier | Enhancer Score | Enhancer Sources | Gene-Enhancer Score | TSS distance (kb) | Number of Genes Away | Size (kb) | Transcription Factor Binding Sites within enhancer | Gene Targets for Enhancer |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GH14G099819 | 1.1 | dbSUPER | 10.7 | +135.8 | 135761 | 1.8 | HDGF CREB3L1 ARNT AGO1 ARID4B SIN3A DMAP1 ZNF2 ZBTB7B SLC30A9 | EML1 HHIPL1 CYP46A1 GC14M099754 GC14M099882 |
| GH14G099277 | 0.8 | FANTOM5 dbSUPER | 12 | -406.5 | -406450 | 0.3 | ZNF263 CTCF PRDM10 RAD21 ZIC2 | CYP46A1 GC14P099279 BCL11B |
| GH14G099872 | 0.8 | ENCODE | 10.7 | +188.5 | 188452 | 1.4 | FEZF1 CHD7 ZIC2 ZNF2 POLR2A EZH2 ZNF10 GFI1B REST ZBTB8A | EML1 ENSG00000234648 RPL3P4 CYP46A1 GC14M099882 GC14M099754 |
| GH14G099822 | 0.8 | ENCODE dbSUPER | 10.6 | +138.7 | 138708 | 0.9 | ZNF121 ZNF692 GLIS1 PATZ1 ZNF600 ATF2 ZBTB17 | EML1 HHIPL1 CYP46A1 GC14M099754 GC14M099882 |
| GH14G099774 | 0.9 | FANTOM5 dbSUPER | 1.4 | +90.8 | 90806 | 0.4 | NFIB ZNF571 CHD1 ZNF121 TGIF2 PRDM6 ZBTB48 ZKSCAN8 ZNF600 | EML1 WDR25 HHIPL1 CYP46A1 GC14M099754 GC14M099882 |
- Elite enhancer and/or Elite enhancer-gene association
Download GeneHancer data dump
Enhancers around CYP46A1 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Transcription factor binding sites by QIAGEN in the CYP46A1 gene promoter:
Regulatory Element Products
Genomic Location for CYP46A1 Gene
- Chromosome:
- 14
- Start:
- 99,684,262 bp from pter
- End:
- 99,727,321 bp from pter
- Size:
- 43,060 bases
- Orientation:
- Plus strand
Genomic View for CYP46A1 Gene
Genes around CYP46A1 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Cytogenetic band:
-
- 14q32.2 by Ensembl
- 14q32.2 by Entrez Gene
- 14q32.2 by HGNC
CYP46A1 Gene in genomic location: bands according to
Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc
(and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Neighborhood
• Exon Structure
• Gene Density
RefSeq DNA sequence for CYP46A1 Gene
Proteins for CYP46A1 Gene
-
Protein details for CYP46A1 Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
- Protein Symbol:
- Q9Y6A2-CP46A_HUMAN
- Recommended name:
- Cholesterol 24-hydroxylase
- Protein Accession:
- Q9Y6A2
- B4DHP8
- E7EQG9
- Q8N2B0
Protein attributes for CYP46A1 Gene
- Size:
- 500 amino acids
- Molecular mass:
- 56821 Da
- Cofactor:
- Name=heme; Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:30413;
- Quaternary structure:
- No Data Available
Three dimensional structures from OCA and Proteopedia for CYP46A1 Gene
Protein Expression for CYP46A1 Gene
Post-translational modifications for CYP46A1 Gene
Other Protein References for CYP46A1 Gene
- ENSEMBL proteins:
- REFSEQ proteins:
Antibody Products
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-
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Protein Products
-
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Assay Products
-
Cloud-Clone Corp. Assay Kits for CYP46A1
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No data available for DME Specific Peptides for CYP46A1 Gene
Domains & Families for CYP46A1 Gene
Gene Families for CYP46A1 Gene
- HGNC:
- IUPHAR :
Protein Domains for CYP46A1 Gene
- InterPro:
- ProtoNet:
Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for CYP46A1 Gene
- GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry
Q9Y6A2- Family:
-
- Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family.
Function for CYP46A1 Gene
Molecular function for CYP46A1 Gene
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot BiophysicochemicalProperties:
- Kinetic parameters: KM=2.2 uM for 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol {ECO:0000269 PubMed:14640697};
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot CatalyticActivity:
- Cholesterol + [reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O(2) = (24S)-cholest-5-ene-3-beta,24-diol + [oxidized NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H(2)O.
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
- Involved in the turnover of cholesterol. It converts cholesterol into 24S-hydroxycholesterol and, to a lesser extent, 25-hydroxycholesterol. Has also activity with xenobiotic compounds, such as clotrimazole.
Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) for CYP46A1 Gene
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005506 | iron ion binding | IEA | -- |
| GO:0008395 | steroid hydroxylase activity | TAS | 10377398 |
| GO:0016491 | oxidoreductase activity | IEA | -- |
| GO:0016705 | oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen | IEA | -- |
| GO:0020037 | heme binding | IEA,IDA | 18621681 |
Phenotypes for CYP46A1 Gene
- MGI mutant phenotypes for CYP46A1:
- inferred from 1 alleles
- GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for CYP46A1:
-
- Increased vaccinia virus (VACV) infection
- Negative genetic interaction between MUS81-/- and MUS81+/+
- Dynamic nuclei (hole, folded or small irregular)
- Negative genetic interaction between PTEN-/- and PTEN+/+
- Decreased HIV-LTR-beta-galactosidase protein expression
- Negative genetic interaction between BLM-/- and BLM+/+
Animal Models for CYP46A1 Gene
- MGI Knock Outs for CYP46A1:
-
- Cyp46a1 tm1Rus
Animal Model Products
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-
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-
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miRNA for CYP46A1 Gene
- miRTarBase miRNAs that target CYP46A1
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-
VectorBuilder Other custom vectors
- Mammalian expression: PiggyBac
- Mammalian Tet-on expression: plasmid
- Mammalian conditional (Cre-Lox): plasmid and PiggyBac
- Mammalian shRNA knockdown: lentiviral, adenoviral, AAV, and PiggyBac
- CRISPR: plasmid gRNA, lentiviral gRNA, and donor plasmid
- Bacterial expression: pET, pBAD, and pCS
- Yeast expression
Cell Line Products
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No data available for Human Phenotype Ontology , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for CYP46A1 Gene
Localization for CYP46A1 Gene
Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for CYP46A1 Gene
- Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. Microsome membrane; Single-pass membrane protein.
| Compartment | Confidence |
|---|---|
| endoplasmic reticulum | 5 |
| plasma membrane | 2 |
| golgi apparatus | 2 |
| extracellular | 1 |
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005783 | endoplasmic reticulum | TAS | 10377398 |
| GO:0005789 | endoplasmic reticulum membrane | TAS | -- |
| GO:0016020 | membrane | IEA | -- |
| GO:0016021 | integral component of membrane | IEA | -- |
| GO:0031090 | organelle membrane | IEA | -- |
Pathways & Interactions for CYP46A1 Gene
| SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cytochrome P450 - arranged by substrate type | ||
| 2 | Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts | ||
| 3 | Metabolism |
.37
|
|
Pathways by source for CYP46A1 Gene
2 BioSystems pathways for CYP46A1 Gene
9 Reactome pathways for CYP46A1 Gene
1 KEGG pathway for CYP46A1 Gene
Interacting Proteins for CYP46A1 Gene
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0006629 | lipid metabolic process | IEA | -- |
| GO:0006699 | bile acid biosynthetic process | TAS | -- |
| GO:0006707 | cholesterol catabolic process | IDA | 18621681 |
| GO:0006805 | xenobiotic metabolic process | IDA | 20667828 |
| GO:0007399 | nervous system development | TAS | 10377398 |
No data available for SIGNOR curated interactions for CYP46A1 Gene
Drugs & Compounds for CYP46A1 Gene
| Name | Synonyms | Role | CAS Number | PubChem IDs | PubMed IDs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 24-Hydroxycholesterol |
|
474-73-7 |
|
|||
| NADP |
|
53-59-8 |
|
|||
| nadph |
|
53-57-6 |
|
Transcripts for CYP46A1 Gene
mRNA/cDNA for CYP46A1 Gene
- (5) REFSEQ mRNAs :
- (6) Additional mRNA sequences :
- (31) Selected AceView cDNA sequences:
- (7) Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant :
Unigene Clusters for CYP46A1 Gene
CRISPR Products
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for CYP46A1
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Applied Biological Materials CRISPR for CYP46A1
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for CYP46A1
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miRNA Products
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Inhibitory RNA Products
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Clone Products
-
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- Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat
- VectorBuilder custom plasmid, inducible vectors for CYP46A1
- VectorBuilder custom lentivirus, adenovirus, AAV vector/virus packaging for CYP46A1
-
VectorBuilder Other custom vectors
- Mammalian expression: PiggyBac
- Mammalian Tet-on expression: plasmid
- Mammalian conditional (Cre-Lox): plasmid and PiggyBac
- Mammalian shRNA knockdown: lentiviral, adenoviral, AAV, and PiggyBac
- CRISPR: plasmid gRNA, lentiviral gRNA, and donor plasmid
- Bacterial expression: pET, pBAD, and pCS
- Yeast expression
| ExUns: | 1 | ^ | 2 | ^ | 3 | ^ | 4 | ^ | 5 | ^ | 6a | · | 6b | ^ | 7 | ^ | 8 | ^ | 9 | ^ | 10 | ^ | 11 | ^ | 12a | · | 12b | ^ | 13 | ^ | 14 | ^ | 15 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SP1: | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP2: | - |
Expression for CYP46A1 Gene
mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery
- Brain (Nervous System)
mRNA differential expression in normal tissues according to GTEx for CYP46A1 Gene
This gene is overexpressed in Brain - Putamen (basal ganglia) (x9.1), Brain - Nucleus accumbens (basal ganglia) (x8.0), Brain - Caudate (basal ganglia) (x7.8), and Brain - Cortex (x4.8).
This gene is overexpressed in Heart (45.3), Frontal cortex (11.8), and Fetal Brain (10.4).
Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB, PaxDb, and MOPED for CYP46A1 Gene
- Elite partner
NURSA nuclear receptor signaling pathways regulating expression of CYP46A1 Gene:
CYP46A1SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for CYP46A1 Gene:
Hs.25121mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt for CYP46A1 Gene:
Q9Y6A2-CP46A_HUMAN
Tissue specificity:
Expressed in brain. The mRNA was broadly distributed with higher levels in gray matter zones and lower levels in regions rich in white matter. Not detected in fetal sample but its expression increases linearly with age.
Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for CYP46A1 Gene
- Nervous system(4.6)
Primer Products
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for CYP46A1
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs for CYP46A1
No data available for Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for CYP46A1 Gene
Orthologs for CYP46A1 Gene
This gene was present in the common ancestor of eukaryotes.
| Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | CYP46A1 34 35 |
|
||
| cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | CYP46A1 34 35 |
|
||
| dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | CYP46A1 34 35 |
|
||
| mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Cyp46a1 34 16 35 |
|
||
| rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Cyp46a1 34 |
|
||
| platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | CYP46A1 35 |
|
OneToOne | |
| chicken (Gallus gallus) |
Aves | CYP46A1 34 35 |
|
||
| lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | -- 35 |
|
OneToMany | |
| -- 35 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| tropical clawed frog (Silurana tropicalis) |
Amphibia | mgc108213 34 |
|
||
| African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) |
Amphibia | MGC64404 34 |
|
||
| zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | cyp46a4 35 |
|
OneToMany | |
| cyp46a1 35 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| cyp46a2 35 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| CYP46A1 (4 of 5) 35 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| CYP46A1 (5 of 5) 35 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| zgc63602 34 |
|
||||
| rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) |
Actinopterygii | Omy.48 34 |
|
||
| fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) |
Insecta | Cyp310a1 35 |
|
OneToMany | |
| thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana) |
eudicotyledons | CYP97A3 34 |
|
||
| rice (Oryza sativa) |
Liliopsida | Os02g0817900 34 |
|
- Species where no ortholog for CYP46A1 was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
-
- A. gosspyii yeast (Ashbya gossypii)
- Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae)
- Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
- alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
- amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
- Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
- baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
- barley (Hordeum vulgare)
- beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
- bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
- Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
- common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
- corn (Zea mays)
- E. coli (Escherichia coli)
- filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
- Firmicute bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
- green algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
- honey bee (Apis mellifera)
- K. lactis yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
- loblloly pine (Pinus taeda)
- malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
- medicago trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
- moss (Physcomitrella patens)
- oppossum (Monodelphis domestica)
- orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
- pig (Sus scrofa)
- rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
- schistosome parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
- sea anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
- sea squirt (Ciona intestinalis)
- sea squirt (Ciona savignyi)
- sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
- sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
- soybean (Glycine max)
- stem rust fungus (Puccinia graminis)
- sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
- tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
- toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
- Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)
- worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Paralogs for CYP46A1 Gene
Paralogs for CYP46A1 Gene
(3) SIMAP similar genes for CYP46A1 Gene using alignment to 5 proteins:
Pseudogenes.org Pseudogenes for CYP46A1 Gene
Variants for CYP46A1 Gene
| SNP ID | Clin | Chr 14 pos | Sequence Context | AA Info | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs1000000792 | -- | 99,701,376(+) | TTAAA(A/G)AAATC | intron-variant | |
| rs1000210437 | -- | 99,719,747(+) | CTTCC(-/T)TTTTT | intron-variant | |
| rs1000264443 | -- | 99,699,227(+) | CCCCA(A/C/T)GCTCT | intron-variant | |
| rs1000302677 | -- | 99,725,922(+) | CTGGA(A/G)TGAGT | intron-variant | |
| rs1000308057 | -- | 99,688,244(+) | AGCCC(A/G)TCTTC | intron-variant |
| Variant ID | Type | Subtype | PubMed ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| esv3635488 | CNV | gain | 21293372 |
| nsv1046296 | CNV | gain | 25217958 |
| nsv1130684 | CNV | deletion | 24896259 |
| nsv1423 | CNV | deletion | 18451855 |
| nsv470667 | CNV | loss | 18288195 |
| nsv565733 | CNV | gain | 21841781 |
| nsv565763 | CNV | loss | 21841781 |
Residual Variation Intolerance Score:
12.4% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score:
1.12;
22.65% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Relevant External Links for CYP46A1 Gene
No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for CYP46A1 Gene
Disorders for CYP46A1 Gene
| Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|
| anus disease |
|
|
| bile acid synthesis defect, congenital, 2 |
|
|
| alpha-methylacyl-coa racemase deficiency |
|
|
| alzheimer disease |
|
Search CYP46A1 in MalaCards
View complete list of genes associated with diseases
Relevant External Links for CYP46A1
No data available for UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Genatlas for CYP46A1 Gene
Publications for CYP46A1 Gene
- cDNA cloning of cholesterol 24-hydroxylase, a mediator of cholesterol homeostasis in the brain. (PMID: 10377398) Lund E.G. … Russell D.W. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1999) 2 3 4 22 64
- Earlier onset of Alzheimer's disease: risk polymorphisms within PRNP, PRND, CYP46, and APOE genes. (PMID: 19363267) Golanska E. … Corder E.H. (J. Alzheimers Dis. 2009) 3 22 46 64
- CYP46A1 variants influence Alzheimer's disease risk and brain cholesterol metabolism. (PMID: 19286353) KAPlsch H. … Heun R. (Eur. Psychiatry 2009) 3 22 46 64
- Cholesterol 24-hydroxylase (CYP46A1) polymorphisms are associated with faster cognitive deterioration in Chinese older persons: a two-year follow up study. (PMID: 19212968) Fu B.Y. … Lam L.C. (Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2009) 3 22 46 64
- Association of blood pressure and genetic background with white matter lesions in patients with mild cognitive impairment. (PMID: 18511756) Galluzzi S. … Frisoni G.B. (J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 2008) 3 22 46 64
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- Cyagen custom Knockout/knockin (KOKI) mouse models for CYP46A1
- VectorBuilder custom plasmid, inducible vectors for CYP46A1
- VectorBuilder custom lentivirus, adenovirus, AAV vector/virus packaging for CYP46A1
- VectorBuilder Other custom vectors
- Mammalian expression: PiggyBac
- Mammalian Tet-on expression: plasmid
- Mammalian conditional (Cre-Lox): plasmid and PiggyBac
- Mammalian shRNA knockdown: lentiviral, adenoviral, AAV, and PiggyBac
- CRISPR: plasmid gRNA, lentiviral gRNA, and donor plasmid
- Bacterial expression: pET, pBAD, and pCS
- Yeast expression
Sources for CYP46A1 Gene
- (1) GeneCards
- (2) HGNC
- (3) EntrezGene
- (4) Swiss-Prot
- (5) Ensembl
- (6) OMIM
- (7) GeneLoc
- (8) Gene Wiki
- (9) UCSC
- (10) PhosphoSitePlus
- (11) GO
- (12) TrEMBL
- (13) InterPro
- (14) ProtoNet
- (15) Blocks
- (16) MGI
- (17) IUBMB
- (18) KEGG
- (19) MINT
- (20) STRING
- (21) IntAct
- (22) Novoseek
- (23) PharmGKB
- (24) DrugBank
- (25) HMDB
- (26) UniGene
- (27) AceView
- (28) RNAdb
- (29) ASD
- (30) ECgene
- (31) GeneAnnot
- (32) CGAP SAGE
- (33) SOURCE
- (34) HomoloGene
- (35) PanEnsembl
- (36) euGenes
- (37) SGD
- (38) FlyBase
- (39) WormBase
- (40) Pseudogene
- (41) DGV
- (42) dbSNP
- (43) GenAtlas
- (44) GeneTests
- (45) HGMD
- (46) GAD
- (47) LSDB
- (48) BGMUT
- (49) HuGE
- (50) eBioscience
- (51) Atlas
- (52) Cell Signaling Technology
- (53) GenBank
- (54) H-invDB
- (55) HORDE
- (56) HUGE
- (57) IMGT
- (58) Leiden
- (59) MILLIPORE
- (60) miRBase
- (61) DME
- (62) NCBI
- (63) OriGene
- (64) PubMed
- (65) R&D Systems
- (66) TGDB
- (67) Tocris
- (68) Abcam
- (69) Novus Biologicals
- (70) ProSpec
- (71) Sino Biological
- (72) GenScript
- (73) Qiagen
- (74) Cloud-Clone Corp.
- (75) Enzo Life Sciences
- (76) OCA
- (77) Proteopedia
- (78) MOPED
- (79) SPIRE
- (80) neXtProt
- (81) Reactome
- (82) GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)
- (83) fRNAdb
- (84) DISEASES
- (85) SIMAP
- (86) GenomeRNAi
- (87) LifeMap
- (88) miRTarBase
- (89) MalaCards
- (90) Invitrogen
- (91) BitterDB
- (92) Vector BioLabs
- (93) ESI-BIO
- (94) RefSeq
- (95) BioSystems
- (96) MaxQB
- (97) IUPHAR
- (98) BioGPS
- (99) Illumina
- (100) COMPARTMENTS
- (101) HOMER
- (102) PaxDb
- (103) ApexBio
- (104) Addgene
- (105) antibodies-online
- (106) CYP
- (107) NONCODE
- (108) SwitchGear Genomics
- (109) TreeFam
- (110) PathCards
- (111) GeneReviews
- (112) GeneTex
- (113) Taconic Biosciences
- (114) GTEx
- (115) ProteomicsDB
- (116) SCBT
- (117) DGIdb
- (118) ClinicalTrials
- (119) FDA Approved Drugs
- (120) RVIS
- (121) SIGNOR
- (122) diseasecard
- (123) NIH Rare Diseases
- (124) Orphanet
- (125) UMLS
- (126) GTR
- (127) Disease Ontology
- (128) Genetics Home Reference
- (129) MeSH
- (130) MedlinePlus
- (131) CDC
- (132) NINDS
- (133) NCBI Bookshelf
- (134) ClinVar
- (135) Gene Damage Index
- (136) ViGene Biosciences
- (137) HPO
- (138) UDN
- (139) VISTA
- (140) FANTOM5
- (141) ENCODE
- (142) ProSci
- (143) Horizon
- (144) NURSA
- (145) IID
- (146) Cyagen
- (147) VectorBuilder
- (148) SNPedia
- (149) BRCA Exchange
- (150) St John's Lab
- (151) CIViC
- (152) ProteoGenix
- (153) dbSUPER
- (154) TISSUES
- (155) Gene ORGANizer
- (156) abm
- (157) CrownBio