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Category Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21

GIFtS
-

CYCS Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 63
GCID: GC07M025158

cytochrome c, somatic

Explore 177 diseases affiliated with
CYCS via

MalaCards

our new
Human Malady Compendium

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
Cytochrome C, Somatic¹ ²
CYC² ³ ⁵
HCS¹ ²
THC4² ⁵
Cytochrome C²

External Ids:	HGNC: 19986¹	Entrez Gene: 54205²	Ensembl: ENSG00000172115⁷	OMIM: 123970⁵	UniProtKB: P99999³

Export aliases for CYCS gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC07M024801 GC07M024900 GC07M024931 GC07M025124

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for CYCS:

This gene encodes a small heme protein that functions as a central component of the electron transport chain in

mitochondria. The encoded protein associates with the inner membrane of the mitochondrion where it accepts electrons

from cytochrome b and transfers them to the cytochrome oxidase complex. This protein is also involved in initiation of

apoptosis. Mutations in this gene are associated with autosomal dominant nonsyndromic thrombocytopenia. Numerous

processed pseudogenes of this gene are found throughout the human genome.(provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: CYC_HUMAN, P99999

Function: Electron carrier protein. The oxidized form of the cytochrome c heme group can accept an electron from the

heme group of the cytochrome c1 subunit of cytochrome reductase. Cytochrome c then transfers this electron to the

cytochrome oxidase complex, the final protein carrier in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain

Function: Plays a role in apoptosis. Suppression of the anti-apoptotic members or activation of the pro-apoptotic

members of the Bcl-2 family leads to altered mitochondrial membrane permeability resulting in release of cytochrome c

into the cytosol. Binding of cytochrome c to Apaf-1 triggers the activation of caspase-9, which then accelerates

apoptosis by activating other caspases

Gene Wiki entry for CYCS (Cytochrome c)

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000007.13 NC_018918.1 NT_007819.17 NT_079592.2

Regulatory elements:

SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the CYCS gene promoter:
HOXA9 GR AML1a RelA NF-kappaB POU2F1 POU2F1a GR-alpha Pax-4a NF-kappaB1
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmids (see all 2): CYCS promoter sequence

Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for CYCS

Epigenetics:

QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat CYCS

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 7p15.3 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 7p15.3 HGNC cytogenetic band: 7p21.2

CYCS Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
CYCS gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 7 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC07M025158: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	25,158,270 bp from pter	End:	25,164,980 bp from pter
Size:	6,711 bases	Orientation:	minus strand

1 alternative location:

Chr7-,CRA_TCAG 25,209,510-25,216,457

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to ²PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: CYC_HUMAN, P99999 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Cytochrome c

Size: 105 amino acids; 11749 Da

Subcellular location: Mitochondrion intermembrane space. Note=Loosely associated with the inner membrane

2 PDB 3D structures from and Proteopedia for CYCS:

1J3S (3D)

3NWV (3D)

Secondary accessions: A4D166 B2R4I1 P00001 Q6NUR2 Q6NX69 Q96BV4

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for CYCS: NX_P99999

Post-translational modifications:

Binds 1 heme group per subunit¹

Phosphorylation at Tyr-49 and Tyr-98 both reduce by half the turnover in the reaction with cytochrome c oxidase,

down-regulating mitochondrial respiration (By similarity)¹

View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus²

View neXtProt modification sites for NX_P99999

CYCS Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb: About this image

REFSEQ proteins: NP_061820.1

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000307786 ENSP00000386270 ENSP00000387279 ENSP00000416479

Reactome Protein details: P99999
Human Recombinant Protein Products:

	Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at EMD Millipore
	R&D Systems Recombinant & Natural Proteins for CYCS (Cytochrome c)
	Browse recombinant and purified proteins available from Enzo Life Sciences
	OriGene Purified Protein: CYCS OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysate: CYCS OriGene Custom Protein Services for CYCS
	GenScript Custom Purified and Recombinant Proteins Services for CYCS
	Novus Biologicals CYCS Proteins Novus Biologicals CYCS Lysates
	Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
	Browse ProSpec Recombinant Proteins
	Uscn Proteins for CYCS

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/7 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 7): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0000159	protein phosphatase type 2A complex	TAS	8206937
GO:0005634	nucleus	IDA	--
GO:0005739	mitochondrion	--	--
GO:0005743	mitochondrial inner membrane	TAS	--
GO:0005758	mitochondrial intermembrane space	TAS	--

CYCS for ontologies About GeneDecksing

CYCS Antibody Products:

	EMD Millipore Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies for the study of CYCS
	R&D Systems Antibodies for CYCS (Cytochrome c)
	Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Antibodies for CYCS
	OriGene Antibodies (see all 2): CYCS OriGene Custom Antibody Services for CYCS
	GenScript Superior Antibodies for CYCS
	Novus Biologicals CYCS Antibodies
	Abcam antibodies for CYCS
	Uscn Antibodies for CYCS
	ThermoFisher Antibodies for CYCS

Assay Products for CYCS:

	Browse Kits and Assays available from EMD Millipore
	OriGene Custom Immunoassay Development Browse OriGene Fluorogenic Cell Assay Kits
	R&D Systems ELISAs for CYCS (Cytochrome c) (see all)
	GenScript Custom Assay Services for CYCS
	Browse Enzo Life Sciences for kits & assays
	Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for CYCS

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

CYCS for domains About GeneDecksing

3 InterPro domains/families:

IPR009056 Cyt_c_dom

IPR003088 Cyt_c_I

IPR002327 Cyt_c_1A/1B

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P99999

ProtoNet protein and cluster: P99999

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: CYC_HUMAN, P99999

Similarity: Belongs to the cytochrome c family

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Function Summary:

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: CYC_HUMAN, P99999

Function: Electron carrier protein. The oxidized form of the cytochrome c heme group can accept an electron from the

heme group of the cytochrome c1 subunit of cytochrome reductase. Cytochrome c then transfers this electron to the

cytochrome oxidase complex, the final protein carrier in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain

Function: Plays a role in apoptosis. Suppression of the anti-apoptotic members or activation of the pro-apoptotic

members of the Bcl-2 family leads to altered mitochondrial membrane permeability resulting in release of cytochrome c

into the cytosol. Binding of cytochrome c to Apaf-1 triggers the activation of caspase-9, which then accelerates

apoptosis by activating other caspases

miRNA Products:		OriGene 3'-UTR Clone: CYCS Browse MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat CYCS
		8/31 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate CYCS (see all 31):
		hsa-miR-3910 hsa-miR-34b* hsa-miR-539 hsa-miR-200a hsa-miR-29a hsa-miR-29c hsa-miR-767-5p hsa-miR-16-1*

		Browse SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmids

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
		OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for CYCS (see all 7) OriGene shRNA RFP: CYCS OriGene siRNA: CYCS
		QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat CYCS

Gene Editing
Products:

DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for CYCS

Clone Products:		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from EMD Millipore
		OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for CYCS (see all 3) OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for CYCS OriGene custom cloning services � gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector: CYCS (NM_018947)
		Browse Sino Biological Human cDNA Clones
		DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for CYCS
		Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat CYCS

Cell Line Products:		GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for CYCS
		Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for CYCS

In Situ Assay
Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for CYCS

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/6 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 6): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0004722	contributes to protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity	TAS	8206937
GO:0005506	iron ion binding	IEA	--
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI	10206961
GO:0009055	electron carrier activity	--	--
GO:0020037	heme binding	TAS	9515723

CYCS for ontologies About GeneDecksing

1 GenomeRNAi human phenotype for CYCS:

Increased S DNA content

Animal Models:
Mouse knock-out Cycs^tm1Wlm for CYCS
12 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 2 alleles) (MGI details for Cycs):

behavior/neurological	cardiovascular system	cellular	craniofacial	embryogenesis
endocrine/exocrine gland	growth/size	hematopoietic system	immune system	mortality/aging
nervous system	skeleton

CYCS for phenotypes About GeneDecksing

(Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, ³I2D, and/or ⁴STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
About This Section

Unified GeneCards pathways - 5/43 super-pathways (see all 43) About this table

See pathways by source

Super-pathway

contained gene-specific pathways

TWEAK Pathway

8/12 pathways (see all 12)
TWEAK Pathway	1.00	TRAIL Pathway	0.40
DR3 Signaling	0.87	TNF Signaling	0.40
TNFR1 Pathway	0.53	Apoptotic Pathways Triggered By HIV1	0.37
HIV-1 Nef- Negative effector of Fas and TNF-alpha	0.42	Apoptosis through Death Receptors	0.32

Respiratory electron transport, ATP synthesis by chemiosmotic coupling, and heat production by uncoupling proteins.

Respiratory electron transport, ATP synthesis by chemiosmotic coupling, and heat production by uncoupling proteins.	1.00	Alzheimer's disease	0.43
Respiratory electron transport	0.81	Huntington's disease	0.40
The citric acid (TCA) cycle and respiratory electron transport	0.72	Alzheimers Disease	0.00
Parkinson's disease	0.61

Apoptosis and survival_Caspase cascade

Apoptosis and survival_Caspase cascade	1.00	Apoptosis and survival FAS signaling cascades	0.44
Apoptosis and survival Caspase cascade	1.00	Caspase cascade in apoptosis	0.42
Apoptosis and survival_FAS signaling cascades	0.44	FAS pathway and Stress induction of HSP regulation	0.33

Development HGF signaling pathway

Apoptosis and survival_Anti-apoptotic action of membrane-bound ESR1	0.24	Apoptosis and survival Role of CDK5 in neuronal death and survival	0.24
Apoptosis and survival Anti-apoptotic action of membrane-bound ESR1	0.24	Apoptosis and survival_Anti-apoptotic action of nuclear ESR1 and ESR2	0.15
Apoptosis and survival_Role of CDK5 in neuronal death and survival	0.24	Apoptosis and survival Anti-apoptotic action of nuclear ESR1 and ESR2	0.15

Apoptotic factor-mediated response

	Apoptotic factor-mediated response	1.00			Cytochrome c-mediated apoptotic response	0.71
	Activation of caspases through apoptosome-mediated cleavage	0.71			Formation of apoptosome	0.43

Pathway sources
See GeneCards unified pathways
Show all pathways

5/10 EMD Millipore Pathways for CYCS (see all 10)

	Apoptosis and survival Role of CDK5 in neuronal death and survival
	Development Leptin signaling via JAK/STAT and MAPK cascades
	Apoptosis and survival FAS signaling cascades
	Apoptosis and survival Lymphotoxin-beta receptor signaling
	Apoptosis and survival Anti-apoptotic action of nuclear ESR1 and ESR2

1 R&D Systems Pathway for CYCS

Apoptosis Signaling Pathways

5/29 Downloadable PowerPoint Slides of QIAGEN Pathway Central Maps for CYCS (see all 29)

	Caspase Cascade
	TWEAK Pathway
	14-3-3 Induced Apoptosis
	DHA Signaling
	LT-BetaR Pathway

1 Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Pathway for CYCS

Apoptosis and Autophagy

5/10 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) Pathways for CYCS (see all 10)

	Development Leptin signaling via JAK/STAT and MAPK cascades
	Apoptosis and survival Caspase cascade
	Apoptosis and survival BAD phosphorylation
	Apoptosis and survival Anti-apoptotic action of membrane-bound ESR1
	Apoptosis and survival Anti-apoptotic action of nuclear ESR1 and ESR2

5/14 BioSystems Pathways for CYCS (see all 14)

	DNA damage response
	Apoptosis Modulation and Signaling
	Parkinsons Disease Pathway
	Apoptosis
	AGE/RAGE pathway

5/11 Reactome Pathways for CYCS (see all 11)

	Metabolism
	Respiratory electron transport, ATP synthesis by chemiosmotic coupling, and heat production by uncoupling proteins.
	The citric acid (TCA) cycle and respiratory electron transport
	Apoptotic factor-mediated response
	Formation of apoptosome

1 PharmGKB Pathway for CYCS

Doxorubicin Pathway (Cardiomyocyte Cell), Pharmacodynamics

5/13 Kegg Pathways (Kegg details for CYCS) (see all 13):

	p53 signaling pathway
	Apoptosis
	Alzheimer's disease
	Parkinson's disease
	Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

CYCS for pathways About GeneDecksing

Interactions:

SABiosciences Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for CYCS

STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 25)

5/130 Interacting proteins for CYCS (P99999^{1, 2, 3} ENSP00000307786⁴) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 130)

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
APAF1	O14727¹^,³, ENSP00000353059⁴	EBI-446479,EBI-446492 I2D: score=3 STRING: ENSP00000353059
NAF1	Q96HR8²^,³, ENSP00000274054⁴	MINT-7712884 I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000274054
RNF144B	Q7Z419²^,³, ENSP00000259939⁴	MINT-7944749 MINT-7949203 I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000259939
CYC1	P08574³, ENSP00000317159⁴	I2D: score=5 STRING: ENSP00000317159
BCL2L1	Q07817³, ENSP00000302564⁴	I2D: score=3 STRING: ENSP00000302564

About this table

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/7 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 7): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0006309	apoptotic DNA fragmentation	IMP	8689682
GO:0006915	apoptotic process	TAS	--
GO:0008635	activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process by cytochrome c	TAS	--
GO:0022900	electron transport chain	--	--
GO:0022904	respiratory electron transport chain	TAS	--

CYCS for ontologies About GeneDecksing

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
About This Section

CYCS for compounds About GeneDecksing

Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Browse Tocris compounds for CYCS

1 HMDB Compound for CYCS About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	PubMed Ids
Heme	(protoporphyrinato)iron (see all 19)	14875-96-8	--

7 DrugBank Compounds for CYCS About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	Type	Actions	PubMed Ids
Minocycline	--	10118-90-8	target	negative modulator	18977395 14680842 16469440 11986668 15665864 17067803
Heme	--	--	target	--	17139284 17016423 10592235
Heme C	--	--	target	--	17139284 17016423 10592235
N-Trimethyllysine	--	--	target	--	17139284 17016423 10592235
Protoporphyrin Ix Containing Co	--	--	target	--	17139284 17016423 10592235
Protoporphyrin Ix Containing Zn	--	--	target	--	17139284 17016423 10592235
Zinc Substituted Heme C	--	--	target	--	17139284 17016423 10592235

10/136 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for CYCS gene (see all 136) About this table

Compound	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
bongkrekic acid	80.1	19	11795493 (2), 11006098 (1), 11494136 (1), 11536168 (1) (see all 16)
oxygen	79	388	16278578 (7), 1846619 (3), 17497889 (3), 8867328 (2) (see all 99)
phosphatidylserine	78.4	106	15025923 (4), 14583346 (3), 15777082 (3), 17567446 (2) (see all 77)
superoxide	78.3	426	8226820 (4), 8070678 (4), 11700991 (3), 10908611 (3) (see all 99)
adpribose	77.2	72	15192325 (2), 10647997 (2), 11474117 (2), 12766487 (1) (see all 67)
cardiolipin	76.9	180	19577639 (6), 12531542 (5), 15209096 (5), 11749969 (4) (see all 84)
n acetylcysteine	75.7	37	16753142 (1), 19012744 (1), 19117669 (1), 17245372 (1) (see all 29)
sp 600125	73.3	14	14991847 (1), 14766793 (1), 19699753 (1), 15117824 (1) (see all 14)
h2o2	69.5	186	16889691 (7), 17085975 (6), 9662447 (4), 1654817 (3) (see all 99)
ferricyanide	69.4	41	15683711 (2), 7499204 (2), 7528206 (2), 7691806 (1) (see all 36)

Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about CYCS / CYC

(Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
About This Section

REFSEQ mRNAs for CYCS gene:

NM_018947.5

Unigene Clusters for CYCS:

Cytochrome c, somatic

Hs.437060 [show with all ESTs], Hs.617193

Unigene Representative Sequences: NM_018947, AK056360

4 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:

ENST00000305786(uc003sxl.3) ENST00000409409 ENST00000409764 ENST00000413447

miRNA Products:		OriGene 3'-UTR Clone: CYCS Browse OriGene MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat CYCS
		8/31 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate CYCS (see all 31):
		hsa-miR-3910 hsa-miR-34b* hsa-miR-539 hsa-miR-200a hsa-miR-29a hsa-miR-29c hsa-miR-767-5p hsa-miR-16-1*

		Browse SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmids

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
		OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for CYCS (see all 7) OriGene shRNA RFP: CYCS OriGene siRNA: CYCS
		QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat CYCS

Clone Products:		OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for CYCS (see all 3) OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for CYCS OriGene custom cloning services � gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector: CYCS (NM_018947)
		DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for CYCS
		Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat CYCS

Primer Products:		OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for CYCS Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
		SABiosciences RT² qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat CYCS
		QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat CYCS
		QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat CYCS

Additional cDNA sequence: AK056360.1

24/39 DOTS entries (see all 39):

DT.92473725 DT.100888546 DT.75196329 DT.91812314 DT.91828671 DT.92473723 DT.91720058 DT.91824344

DT.100888547 DT.75101253 DT.95323786 DT.75177203 DT.121047732 DT.121047666 DT.95323474 DT.100888555

DT.120695536 DT.40133209 DT.91997384 DT.100684549 DT.100888556 DT.121047659 DT.121047667 DT.121047675

24/2051 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 2051):

CB156584 AA084090 BG029221 AA679490 BX335866 BG617166 AA918919 AA355928

BU183320 BM800710 CA944893 CR622353 BM541273 BM727260 BF114938 BG026846

AA916454 AV713900 F06697 BU688676 BU187007 BM747047 CB109054 AI469320

GeneLoc Exon Structure

(RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
About This Section

CYCS expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS
CGAP TAG: CTTTTAAAAT

About this image
See CYCS Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
Genevestigator expression for CYCS

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene clusters: Hs.437060 Hs.617193

SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Arrays including CYCS:

TNF Ligands & Receptors in human mouse rat

Apoptosis 384HT in human mouse rat

Apoptosis in human mouse rat

Primer Products:		OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for CYCS Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
		SABiosciences RT² qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat CYCS
		QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat CYCS
		QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat CYCS

In Situ
Assay Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for CYCS

(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD , ⁵MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or ⁶Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
About This Section

This gene was present in the common ancestor of eukaryotes.

Orthologs for CYCS gene from 9/39 species (see all 39) About this table

Organism	Taxonomic classification	Gene	Description	Human Similarity	Orthology Type	Details
chicken (Gallus gallus)	Aves	CYC_CHICK⁶	Cytochrome c	85(a)	1 → many	2(31693215-31695232)
lizard (Anolis carolinensis)	Reptilia	CYCS⁶	--	87(a)	1 → many	6(31330263-31332000)
African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)	Amphibia	48024298²	--	80.62(n)		48024298
zebrafish (Danio rerio)	Actinopterygii	AL726703.1²	--	79.17(n)		57995 AL726703.1
fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)	Insecta	Cyt-c-p⁶ Cyt-c-d⁶	Cytochrome c distal	74(a) 67(a)	1 ↔ many possible ortholog	2L(16719874-16722659) 2L(16715858-16719635)
worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)	Secernentea	cyc-2.1⁶ cyc-2.2⁶	Probable cytochrome c 2.2	54(a) 48(a)	many ↔ many many ↔ many	IV(4747893-4749004) V(12611662-12612204)
baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)	Saccharomycetes	CYC1(YJR048W)⁴ CYC1¹	Cytochrome c, isoform 1; electron carrier of the mitochondrial intermembrane space that transfers electrons from ubiquinone-cytochrome c oxidoreductase to cytochrome c oxidase during cellular respiration less⁴ Cyc1p¹	65.35(n)¹ 64.36(a)¹		10(526335-526664)⁴ 853507^{1, 4} NP_012582.1^{1, 4}
thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)	eudicotyledons	CYTC-2¹	cytochrome c-2	62.75(n) 65.69(a)		826595 NM_117072.3 NP_192742.1
rice (Oryza sativa)	Liliopsida	Os05g0420600¹	hypothetical protein	66.02(n) 66.02(a)		4338825 NM_001062113.1 NP_001055578.1

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for CYCS (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for CYCS (if available)

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene,
²Ensembl, and ³SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to ⁴Pseudogene.org Build 68)
About This Section

Paralogs for CYCS gene

CYCS for paralogs About GeneDecksing

5/44 Pseudogenes.org Pseudogenes for CYCS (see all 44)
PGOHUM00000242202 PGOHUM00000242473 PGOHUM00000242740 PGOHUM00000242804 PGOHUM00000242827

(SNPs/Variants according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
About This Section

SNP ID	Valid	Clinical significance	Chr 7 pos	Sequence	#	AA Chg	Type	More	#	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
Genomic Data					Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--
rs13310456^1,2	H	--	25050851(+)	`GGGGAC/AATCCC`	1	--	int¹		4		NS EA	416
rs193005596^1,2		--	25157791(+)	`TCAGAC/TTGATA`	1	--	ds500¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs184738713^1,2		--	25157829(+)	`AAACTA/CTGTAA`	1	--	ds500¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs188013386^1,2		--	25158040(+)	`GAAGCA/GATTCT`	1	--	ds500¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs116367375^1,2	C,	--	25158061(+)	`CCTCCG/AAGTAG`	1	--	ds500¹		1		WA	118
rs114886175^1,2	F,	--	25158063(+)	`TCCGAG/ATAGCT`	1	--	ds500¹		1		WA	118
rs117368922^1,2	F,	--	25158091(+)	`CGCCCC/TCCACC`	1	--	ds500¹		1		EA	120
rs4719799^1,2	C,F,A,H,	--	25158246(+)	`AAGTTT/CTCTTT`	1	--	ds500¹		23		NS EA NA WA CSA	2352
rs201005830^1,2		--	25158405(+)	`TATTT-/AAAATG`	1	--	ut3¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs201597184^1,2		--	25158411(+)	`AAATG-/TTTAAA`	1	--	ut3¹		0	--	--	--	--

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for CYCS (25158270 - 25164980 bp)
Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) variations for CYCS: --
Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): CYCS

SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays

QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing CYCS

DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for CYCS

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
About This Section

CYCS for disorders           About GeneDecksing

OMIM gene information: 123970
OMIM disorders: 612004
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: CYC_HUMAN, P99999

Defects in CYCS are the cause of thrombocytopenia type 4 (THC4) [MIM:612004]; also known as autosomal dominant

thrombocytopenia type 4. Thrombocytopenia is the presence of relatively few platelets in blood. THC4 is a

non-syndromic form of thrombocytopenia. Clinical manifestations of thrombocytopenia are absent or mild. THC4 may be

caused by dysregulated platelet formation

20/177 diseases for CYCS (see all 177): About MalaCards

thrombocytopenia antley-bixler syndrome amyotrophic lateral sclerosis hypersensitivity reaction type ii disease

mitochondrial encephalomyopathy age related macular degeneration amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (als) bladder transitional cell papilloma

non-small cell lung carcinoma tyrosinemia type i myocardial infarction hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis

lateral sclerosis traumatic brain injury anaplastic large cell lymphoma acute myocardial infarction

waldenstrom macroglobulinemia malignant pleural mesothelioma non-hodgkin lymphoma tyrosinemia

17 diseases from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for CYCS:

Vascular disease Leukemia Toxic encephalopathy Parkinson's disease

Hepatocellular carcinoma Neuroblastoma Lymphoma Lupus erythematosus

Eye disease Lung cancer Kidney disease Alzheimer's disease

Heart disease Malignant glioma Melanoma Colorectal cancer

Carcinoma

10/92 Novoseek disease relationships for CYCS gene (see all 92) About this table

Disease	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
leukemia	66.5	47	10688837 (2), 11302692 (2), 11961058 (2), 19590527 (2) (see all 39)
necrosis	64.5	98	15876954 (3), 11943185 (3), 17287591 (2), 9162279 (2) (see all 85)
cancer	63.1	45	1651788 (4), 12840220 (2), 19029908 (2), 15753398 (2) (see all 33)
promyelocytic leukemia	62.5	2	8489236 (1), 12754412 (1)
tumors	55.9	108	15876954 (3), 15498510 (2), 17287591 (2), 16784988 (2) (see all 97)
myeloid leukemia	54.3	3	11526432 (1), 16162967 (1), 16439016 (1)
colon cancer	52.6	20	15087383 (4), 11309352 (3), 18172320 (2), 14500374 (1) (see all 14)
neurodegenerative diseases	49.6	1	14521400 (1)
cell damage	48.2	7	11418670 (1), 16093441 (1), 17294830 (1), 13130504 (1) (see all 7)
monocytic leukemia	47.5	3	11861382 (1), 12738674 (1), 15767555 (1)

Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: CYCS (3 documents)

Export disorders for CYCS gene to outside databases

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Entrez Gene, ²UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ³HGNC, ⁴GAD, ⁵PharmGKB, ⁶HMDB, ⁷DrugBank, ⁸UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁹ Novoseek, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

PubMed articles for CYCS gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 3097):
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with CYCS)

Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
world of online information

Cytochrome c in the apoptotic and antioxidant cascades. (PubMed id 9515723)^{1, 2, 9} Skulachev V.P. (1998)
Cytochrome c release upon Fas receptor activation depends on translocation of full-length bid and the induction of the mitochondrial permeability transition. (PubMed id 11790791)^{1, 3, 9} Tafani M....Farber J.L. (2002)
A mutation of human cytochrome c enhances the intrinsic apoptotic pathway but causes only thrombocytopenia. (PubMed id 18345000)^{1, 2} Morison I.M....Ledgerwood E.C. (2008)
The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)^{1, 2} Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. (PubMed id 14702039)^{1, 2} Ota T.... Sugano S. (2004)
The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7. (PubMed id 12853948)^{1, 2} Hillier L.W.... Wilson R.K. (2003)
Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology. (PubMed id 12690205)^{1, 2} Scherer S.W.... Tsui L.-C. (2003)
The human somatic cytochrome c gene: two classes of processed pseudogenes demarcate a period of rapid molecular evolution. (PubMed id 2849112)^{1, 2} Evans M.J. and Scarpulla R.C. (1988)
Human heart cytochrome c. Chymotryptic peptides, tryptic peptides, and the complete amino acid sequence. (PubMed id 14063298)^{1, 2} Matsubara H. and Smith E.L. (1963)
The amino acid sequence of human heart cytochrome c. (PubMed id 13933734)^{1, 2} Matsubara H. and Smith E.L. (1962)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
About This Section

		AND	OR
Aliases
Disorders
Free Text

Query String		PubMed OMIM NCBI Bookshelf
	(Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
About This Section

Entrez Gene: 54205	HGNC: 19986	AceView: CYCS	Ensembl:ENSG00000172115	euGenes: HUgn54205
ECgene: CYCS	Kegg: 54205	H-InvDB: CYCS

(According to HUGE)
About This Section

(According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
About This Section

Name	Description
PharmGKB entry for CYCS	Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
Protein Spotlight	http://web.expasy.org/spotlight/back_issues/sptlt076.shtml

Intellectual Property for CYCS gene
(Patent information from GeneIP, Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts, IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)

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Patent Information for CYCS gene:
Search GeneIP for patents involving CYCS

GeneCards and IP:
Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards Improving the IP Search

(Antibodies, recombinant proteins, and assays from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, QIAGEN, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, SABiosciences, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, Enzo Life Sciences, Abcam, ProSpec, Uscn, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, SwitchGear Genomics, Vector BioLabs, Cell lines from GenScript and LifeMap BioReagents, PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Drugs and/or compounds from EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Enzo Life Sciences),
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CYCS Gene

cytochrome c, somatic

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