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Category   Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21
GIFtS

CTSW Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 57
GCID: GC11P065647

cathepsin W

(Previous name: cathepsin W (lymphopain) )
 Explore 4 diseases affiliated with
CTSW via our new
 Human Malady Compendium 
Biological research products
for CTSW
    

(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc, 7Ensembl, 8DME, 9miRBase, and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
Cathepsin W1 2
Cathepsin W (Lymphopain)1
LYPN2
Lymphopain3
EC 3.4.22.-3
Lymphopain3

External Ids:    HGNC: 25461   Entrez Gene: 15212   Ensembl: ENSG000001725437   OMIM: 6023645   UniProtKB: P562023   

Export aliases for CTSW gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC11P068181 GC11P067328 GC11P065897 GC11P065422 GC11P065405 GC11P061973


(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for CTSW:
The protein encoded by this gene, a member of the peptidase C1 family, is a cysteine proteinase that may have a
specific function in the mechanism or regulation of T-cell cytolytic activity. The encoded protein is found associated
with the membrane inside the endoplasmic reticulum of natural killer and cytotoxic T-cells. Expression of this gene is
up-regulated by interleukin-2. (provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: CATW_HUMAN, P56202
Function: May have a specific function in the mechanism or regulation of T-cell cytolytic activity

Gene Wiki entry for CTSW (Cathepsin W)


(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000011.9  NC_018922.1  NT_167190.1  
Regulatory elements:
   SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the CTSW gene promoter:
         p53   ATF-2   Lmo2   IRF-1   Roaz   PPAR-alpha   FAC1   COMP1   c-Jun   
         Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmidCTSW promoter sequence
   Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for CTSW

Epigenetics:
QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat CTSW


Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 11q13.1   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  11q13.1   HGNC cytogenetic band: 11q13.1

CTSW Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
CTSW gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 11         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC11P065647:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
65,647,280 bp from pter      End:
65,651,212 bp from pter
Size:
3,933 bases      Orientation:
plus strand

(According to 1UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: CATW_HUMAN, P56202 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: Cathepsin W precursor  
Size: 376 amino acids; 42120 Da
Secondary accessions: Q86VT4

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for CTSW: NX_P56202

Post-translational modifications:

  • View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus2
  • View neXtProt modification sites for NX_P56202

  • CTSW Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb:    About this image 
    Estimated protein expression log10 (pmol).

    REFSEQ proteins: NP_001326.2  
    ENSEMBL proteins: 
     ENSP00000311300   ENSP00000436568   ENSP00000434267  

    Human Recombinant Protein Products: 
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    OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysate: CTSW
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    Novus Biologicals CTSW Protein
    Novus Biologicals CTSW Lysate
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    Browse ProSpec Recombinant Proteins
    Uscn Proteins for CTSW


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    Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for CTSW


    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section

    CTSW for domains           About GeneDecksing

    5 InterPro domains/families:
     IPR013128 Peptidase_C1A
     IPR025661 Pept_asp_AS
     IPR013201 Prot_inhib_I29
     IPR025660 Pept_his_AS
     IPR000668 Peptidase_C1A_C

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P56202

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: P56202

    2 Blocks protein families:
    IPB000668 Papain cysteine protease (C1) family signature
    IPB013201 Proteinase inhibitor I29


    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: CATW_HUMAN, P56202
    Similarity: Belongs to the peptidase C1 family


    (According to 1UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or 2DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
    bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section

    Function Summary:

         UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: CATW_HUMAN, P56202
    Function: May have a specific function in the mechanism or regulation of T-cell cytolytic activity

         Genatlas biochemistry entry for CTSW:
    cathepsin W,cysteine protease,papain superfamily,expressed in endoplasmic reticulum in CD8+ T-lymphocytes,subgroup
    F-like protease

    Enzyme Number (IUBMB): EC 3.4.22.-1

    miRNA
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    Inhib. RNA
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    OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for CTSW (see all 7)
    OriGene shRNA RFP: CTSW
    OriGene siRNA: CTSW
    QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat CTSW

    Gene Editing
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    Clone
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    Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat CTSW 

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    Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for CTSW

    Gene Ontology (GO): 1 molecular function term (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0008234cysteine-type peptidase activity IEA--


    CTSW for ontologies           About GeneDecksing


    1 GenomeRNAi human phenotype for CTSW:
     Increased HPV18 LCR reporter a 

    Animal Models:
         Mouse knock-out Ctswtm1Ctnp for CTSW
         2 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 1 allele(MGI details for Ctsw):
     immune system  normal 

    CTSW for phenotypes           About GeneDecksing


    (Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, 3I2D, and/or 4STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
    About This Section

    Unified GeneCards pathways  About this table 
    See pathways by source

    Super-pathwaycontained gene-specific pathways
    1Lysosome
    Lysosome1.00

    Pathway sources
    See GeneCards unified pathways
    Show all pathways



    1         Kegg Pathway  (Kegg details for CTSW):
        Lysosome


    CTSW for pathways           About GeneDecksing

    Interactions:

        Search SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Networks for CTSW

    STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 2 interactants - click image to see more details)

    3 Interacting proteins for CTSW (P562023 ENSP000003113004) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D
    InteractantInteraction Details
    GeneCardExternal ID(s)
    CREB3O438893I2D: score=1 
    CSTBENSP000002915684STRING: ENSP00000291568
    UBCENSP000003448184STRING: ENSP00000344818
    About this table

    Gene Ontology (GO): 2 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0006508proteolysis IEA--
    GO:0006955immune response TAS9823953


    CTSW for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
    About This Section

    CTSW for compounds           About GeneDecksing

    Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore
    Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

    Browse Tocris compounds for CTSW
    3 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for CTSW gene    About this table
    Compound   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    cysteine 64.9 19 10716634 (2), 9823953 (2), 11490002 (2), 15087452 (1) (see all 9)
    asparagine 43.1 1 9108299 (1)
    histidine 27.6 1 9108299 (1)

    Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about CTSW / CATW 

    (Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
    GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
    siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
    About This Section

    REFSEQ mRNAs for CTSW gene: 
    NM_001335.3  

    Unigene Cluster for CTSW:

    Cathepsin W
    Hs.416848  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequence: BC048255
    4 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:
    ENST00000307886(uc001ogc.1) ENST00000524681 ENST00000528419 ENST00000526034


    miRNA
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    Inhib. RNA
    Products:
         
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    OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for CTSW (see all 7)
    OriGene shRNA RFP: CTSW
    OriGene siRNA: CTSW
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    Clone
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      QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat CTSW

    Additional cDNA sequence: 

    AF013611.1 BC035637.1 BC048255.1 

    6 DOTS entries:

    DT.412309  DT.120708704  DT.120708723  DT.91659837  DT.120708722  DT.75101574 

    24/87 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 87):

    AA523291 AA235600 AA311607 BQ185511 CR621885 BU741330 CD370188 AA588693 
    BQ052762 BV195164 AA410838 BC048255 BX283355 BM724658 BM916973 BM564355 
    AW958483 BM917206 BU151606 AA309618 AF013611 AL540662 BU624108 BX356621 

    GeneLoc Exon Structure


    (RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
    PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
    About This Section

    CTSW expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
    See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
    About this imageBioGPS
    CGAP TAG: AAGCCCCTTC

    Microarray
    RNAseq (Illumina Body Map)
    (100×FPKM)½
    SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression)

    About this image
    See CTSW Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
    Genevestigator expression for CTSW

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.416848

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: CATW_HUMAN, P56202
    Tissue specificity: Expressed in natural killer and cytotoxic T cells

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    In Situ
    Assay Products:
     

     
    Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for CTSW

    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD , 5MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or 6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
    About This Section

    This gene was present in the common ancestor of eukaryotes.

    Orthologs for CTSW gene from 5/19 species (see all 19)    About this table
    Organism Taxonomic
    classification
    Gene Description Human
    Similarity
    Orthology
    Type
    Details
    zebrafish
    (Danio rerio)
    Actinopterygii ctsf6
    cathepsin F
    24(a)
    possible ortholog
    14(7141307-7164956)
    fruit fly
    (Drosophila melanogaster)
    Insecta CG121636
    --
    16(a)
    possible ortholog
    3R(1063373-1077468)
    worm
    (Caenorhabditis elegans)
    Secernentea R09F10.13 peptidase 33(a)
    (best of 2)
      X(8358887-8360238)   --
    thale cress
    (Arabidopsis thaliana)
    eudicotyledons AT2G214306
    AT3G549406
    (see all 4)
    Papain family cysteine protease
    (see all 4)
    30(a)
    30(a)
    (see all 4)
    possible ortholog
    possible ortholog
    (see all 4)
    2(9171885-9173339)
    3(20354351-20356318)
    rice
    (Oryza sativa)
    Liliopsida --
    --
    (see all 3)
    cysteine proteinase 1 precursor, putative, express...
    cysteine proteinase 1 precursor, putative, express...
    (see all 3)
    29(a)
    29(a)
    (see all 3)
    possible ortholog
    possible ortholog
    (see all 3)
    2(15885658-15889427)
    4(14120329-14123326)


    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for CTSW (if available)
    TreeFam Gene Tree for CTSW (if available) 

    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene,
    2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
    About This Section
    Paralogs for CTSW gene
    TINAG2  CTSL12  CTSF2  CTSO2  CTSK2  CTSB2  CTSL22  CTSS2  
    CTSH2  CTSC2  TINAGL12  CTSZ2  
    8 SIMAP similar genes for CTSW using alignment to 3 protein entries:     CATW_HUMAN (see all proteins):
    CTSF    CTSS    CTSL    CTSO    DKFZp686B24257    CTSL2
    CTSH    CTSL1

    CTSW for paralogs           About GeneDecksing



    (SNPs/Variants according to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
    About This Section

    10/33 NCBI SNPs in CTSW are shown (see all 33    About this table
    Genomic DataTranscription Related DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidClinical
    significance
    Chr 11 posSequence#AA
    Chg
    TypeMore#Allele
    freq
    PopTotal
    sample
    More
    ----------
    rs759544461,2
    F,--61977789(+) GATATG/ATCTCA 1 -- ds50011Minor allele frequency- A:0.02WA 118
    rs355432391,2
    C--61977893(-) CGCTCC/TGGGGA 1 -- ds50015Minor allele frequency- T:0.00NS 188
    rs356005541,2
    C,--61977897(-) TCCTCG/CCTCCG 1 -- ds50015Minor allele frequency- C:0.00NS 188
    rs1132434811,2
    C--61978033(+) GTGTCA/G/TGTAAG 1 -- ds50011CSA 1
    rs360908511,2
    C,F,--61978179(-) GTTTCC/TTCATG 1 -- ds50017Minor allele frequency- T:0.02NS WA 306
    rs344026711,2
    C,--61978194(-) CCTCTC/TCATGC 1 -- ds50016Minor allele frequency- T:0.01NS EA 306
    rs2018286871,2
    --65650776(+) GCAGCC/GTCAAG 2 -- ds50010--------
    rs1822021051,2
    C,--65650788(+) CAGAGA/GAGGGG 2 -- ds50010--------
    rs1416917551,2
    C--65650821(+) CGCAGT/ACTCAG 2 -- ds50012Minor allele frequency- A:0.00NA EU 5503
    rs1156292311,2
    C,--65650844(+) CACCCC/TACCCC 2 -- ds50011Minor allele frequency- T:0.01EU 122

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for CTSW (65647280 - 65651212 bp)
    Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
    Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 1 variation for CTSW
         1 CNV: 3855

    SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays
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    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section

    CTSW for disorders           About GeneDecksing

    OMIM gene information: 602364    OMIM disorders: --

    4 diseases for CTSW:    About MalaCards
    atrophic gastritis    gastritis    leukemia    tuberculosis

    1 Novoseek disease relationship for CTSW gene    About this table

    Disease   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    leukemia 7.44 1 9823953 (1)


    Export disorders for CTSW gene to outside databases

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Entrez Gene, 2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 3HGNC, 4GAD, 5PharmGKB, 6HMDB, 7DrugBank, 8UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 9 Novoseek, and/or 10fRNAdb)
    About This Section

    PubMed articles for CTSW gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 25):
    (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with CTSW)
        Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
    world of online information

    1. Human cathepsin W, a putative cysteine protease predominantly expressed in CD8+ T-lymphocytes. (PubMed id 9108299)1, 2, 3, 9 Linnevers C.... Broemme D. (1997)
    2. Genomic structure, chromosomal localization, and expression of human cathepsin W. (PubMed id 9675123)1, 2, 3, 9 Wex T.... Bromme D. (1998)
    3. Lymphopain, a cytotoxic T and natural killer cell-associated cysteine proteinase. (PubMed id 9823953)1, 2, 9 Brown J....Enver T. (1998)
    4. The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)1, 2 Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
    5. Signal peptide prediction based on analysis of experimentally verified cleavage sites. (PubMed id 15340161)1, 2 Zhang Z. and Henzel W.J. (2004)
    6. Human cathepsin W, a cysteine protease predominantly expressed in NK cells, is mainly localized in the endoplasmic reticulum. (PubMed id 11490002)1, 9 Wex T....Bromme D. (2001)
    7. Phylogenetic relationships and theoretical model of human cathepsin W (lymphopain), a cysteine proteinase from cytotoxic T lymphocytes. (PubMed id 10716634)1, 9 Brinkworth R.I....Dalton J.P. (2000)
    8. Characterization of novel anti-cathepsin W antibodies and cellular distribution of cathepsin W in the gastrointestinal tract. (PubMed id 12437118)1, 9 Buhling F....Wex T. (2002)
    9. Cathepsin W expressed exclusively in CD8+ T cells and NK cells, is secreted during target cell killing but is not essential for cytotoxicity in human CTLs. (PubMed id 19100676)1, 9 Stoeckle C....Tolosa E. (2009)
    10. Identification of a novel isoform predominantly expressed in gastric tissue and a triple-base pair polymorphism of the cathepsin W gene. (PubMed id 15358123)1, 9 Meinhardt C....Wex T. (2004)

    (in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
    About This Section
     ANDOR
    Aliases
    Disorders
    Free Text  

      Query String
    PubMed
    OMIM
    NCBI Bookshelf
      (Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
    About This Section
    Entrez Gene: 1521 HGNC: 2546 AceView: CTSW Ensembl:ENSG00000172543 euGenes: HUgn1521
    ECgene: CTSW Kegg: 1521 H-InvDB: CTSW

    (According to HUGE)
    About This Section
      --

    (According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
    Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
    About This Section
    NameDescription
    PharmGKB entry for CTSW Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways

    (Patent information from GeneIP,
    Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts,
    IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)
    About This Section
    Patent Information for CTSW gene:
    Search GeneIP for patents involving CTSW

    GeneCards and IP:
    Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     Improving the IP Search



    (Antibodies, recombinant proteins, and assays from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, QIAGEN, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, SABiosciences, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, Enzo Life Sciences, Abcam, ProSpec, Uscn, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, SwitchGear Genomics, Vector BioLabs, Cell lines from GenScript and LifeMap BioReagents, PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Drugs and/or compounds from EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Enzo Life Sciences),
    In Situ Hybridization Assays from
    Advanced Cell Diagnostics
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    GeneCards Homepage - Last full update: 19 Mar 2013 - Incrementals: 21 Mar 2013 , 15 Apr 2013 , 26 Apr 2013

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