Set Analyses:
Advanced Search

Advanced Search

 
Search By
Section (entire)
for


 
or upload a file of gene symbols


Category   Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21
GIFtS

CTSB Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 73
GCID: GC08M011700

cathepsin B
 Explore 154 diseases affiliated with
CTSB via
MalaCards
our new
 Human Malady Compendium 
Biological research products
for CTSB    

Aliases
for CTSB gene

(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc, 7Ensembl, 8DME, 9miRBase, and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section
Aliases
Cathepsin B1 2     EC 3.4.22.13 8
CPSB2 3 5     Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretase2
Cathepsin B12 3     Cysteine Protease2
APPS2 3     EC 3.4.228
APP Secretase2 3     

External Ids:    HGNC: 25271   Entrez Gene: 15082   Ensembl: ENSG000001647337   OMIM: 1168105   UniProtKB: P078583   

Export aliases for CTSB gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC08M011764 GC08M011571 GC08M011739 GC08M011737 GC08M010630


Summaries
for CTSB gene

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section
Entrez Gene summary for CTSB:
The protein encoded by this gene is a lysosomal cysteine proteinase composed of a dimer of disulfide-linked heavy and
light chains, both produced from a single protein precursor. It is also known as amyloid precursor protein secretase
and is involved in the proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP). Incomplete proteolytic processing of
APP has been suggested to be a causative factor in Alzheimer disease, the most common cause of dementia.
Overexpression of the encoded protein, which is a member of the peptidase C1 family, has been associated with
esophageal adenocarcinoma and other tumors. At least five transcript variants encoding the same protein have been
found for this gene. (provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: CATB_HUMAN, P07858
Function: Thiol protease which is believed to participate in intracellular degradation and turnover of proteins. Has
also been implicated in tumor invasion and metastasis

Gene Wiki entry for CTSB (Cathepsin B)


Genomic Views
for CTSB gene

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000008.10  NC_018919.1  NT_077531.4  
Regulatory elements:
   SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the CTSB gene promoter:
         AML1a   
         Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmids (see all 6): CTSB promoter sequence
   Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for CTSB

Epigenetics:
QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat CTSB


Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 8p22   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  8p23.1   HGNC cytogenetic band: 8p23.1

CTSB Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
CTSB gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 8         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC08M011700:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
 11,700,033 bp from pter      End:
 11,726,957 bp from pter
Size:
 26,925 bases      Orientation:
 minus strand

Proteins
for CTSB gene

(According to 1UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: CATB_HUMAN, P07858 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: Cathepsin B precursor  
Size: 339 amino acids; 37822 Da
Subunit: Dimer of a heavy chain and a light chain cross-linked by a disulfide bond. Interacts with SRPX2
Subcellular location: Lysosome. Melanosome. Secreted, extracellular space (By similarity). Note=Identified by mass
spectrometry in melanosome fractions from stage I to stage IV
6/11 PDB 3D structures from and Proteopedia for CTSB (see all 11):
1CSB (3D)        1GMY (3D)        1HUC (3D)        1PBH (3D)        2IPP (3D)        2PBH (3D)    
Secondary accessions: B3KQR5 B3KRR5 Q503A6 Q96D87

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for CTSB: NX_P07858

Post-translational modifications:

  • View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus2
  • View neXtProt modification sites for NX_P07858

    • 4/11 DME Specific Peptides for CTSB (P07858) (see all 11)
     CGSCWAF  GGHAIRI  PLSDELVN  PSFHPLSD 

    CTSB Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb:    About this image 
    Estimated protein expression log10 (pmol).

    REFSEQ proteins (5 alternative transcripts): 
    NP_001899.1  NP_680090.1  NP_680091.1  NP_680092.1  NP_680093.1  

    ENSEMBL proteins: 
     ENSP00000345672   ENSP00000435105   ENSP00000433215   ENSP00000409917   ENSP00000436456  
     ENSP00000342070   ENSP00000432244   ENSP00000434217   ENSP00000436159   ENSP00000433995  
     ENSP00000435074   ENSP00000436627   ENSP00000434725   ENSP00000436122   ENSP00000431518  
     ENSP00000435367   ENSP00000435650   ENSP00000436074   ENSP00000435886   ENSP00000433379  
     ENSP00000431143   ENSP00000435260   ENSP00000433929   ENSP00000432077   ENSP00000432408  
     ENSP00000415889   ENSP00000411254  
    Reactome Protein details: P07858
    Human Recombinant Protein Products: 
    Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at EMD Millipore
    R&D Systems Recombinant & Natural Proteins for CTSB (Cathepsin B)
    Enzo Life Sciences proteins for CTSB
    OriGene Purified Proteins (see all 2): CTSB
    OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysate (see all 8): CTSB
    OriGene Custom Protein Services for CTSB 
    GenScript Custom Purified and Recombinant Proteins Services for CTSB
    Novus Biologicals CTSB Proteins
    Novus Biologicals CTSB Lysates
    Sino Biological Recombinant Protein for CTSB
    Browse ProSpec Recombinant Proteins
    Uscn Proteins for CTSB

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/17 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 17):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005576extracellular region ----
    GO:0005615extracellular space ISS--
    GO:0005622intracellular TAS1645961
    GO:0005625soluble fraction ----
    GO:0005730nucleolus IDA--


    CTSB for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    CTSB Antibody Products: 
    EMD Millipore Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies for the study of CTSB
    R&D Systems Antibodies for CTSB (Cathepsin B)
    Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Antibodies for CTSB 
    OriGene Antibodies: CTSB
    OriGene Custom Antibody Services for CTSB 
    GenScript Custom Superior Antibodies Services for CTSB
    Novus Biologicals CTSB Antibodies
    Abcam antibodies for CTSB 
    Uscn Antibodies for CTSB
    ThermoFisher Antibodies for CTSB

    Assay Products for CTSB: 
    Browse Kits and Assays available from EMD Millipore
    OriGene Custom Immunoassay Development
    Browse OriGene Fluorogenic Cell Assay Kits
    R&D Systems ELISAs for CTSB (Cathepsin B)         (see all)
    GenScript CTSB-Activity-based Protease Assay for Compound Screening
    Enzo Life Sciences assays for CTSB
    Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for CTSB

    Protein Domains /
    Families
    for CTSB gene

    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section
    CTSB for domains           About GeneDecksing

    5/7 InterPro domains/families (see all 7):
     IPR015643 Peptidase_C1A_cathepsin-B
     IPR013128 Peptidase_C1A
     IPR025661 Pept_asp_AS
     IPR000169 Pept_cys_AS
     IPR012599 Propeptide_C1A

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P07858

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: P07858

    2 Blocks protein families:
    IPB000668 Papain cysteine protease (C1) family signature
    IPB012599 Peptidase C1


    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: CATB_HUMAN, P07858
    Similarity: Belongs to the peptidase C1 family


    Function
    for CTSB gene

    (According to 1UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or 2DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
    bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section
    Function Summary:

         UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: CATB_HUMAN, P07858
    Function: Thiol protease which is believed to participate in intracellular degradation and turnover of proteins. Has
    also been implicated in tumor invasion and metastasis
    Catalytic activity: Hydrolysis of proteins with broad specificity for peptide bonds. Preferentially cleaves -Arg-Arg-
    -Xaa bonds in small molecule substrates (thus differing from cathepsin L). In addition to being an endopeptidase,
    shows peptidyl-dipeptidase activity, liberating C-terminal dipeptides

         Genatlas biochemistry entry for CTSB:
    cathepsin B,lysosomal cysteine proteinase,ubiquitously expressed,?same as APP secretase,?prorenin-processing
    enzyme,papain superfamily,involved in matrix degradation during endochondral ossification,contributing to both local
    invasion at the early stage and remote metastasis in colorectal cancer

    Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB): EC 3.4.22.11 2 EC 3.4.222

    miRNA
    Products:            		 OriGene 3'-UTR Clone (see all 5): CTSB
    Browse MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
    QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat CTSB
    8/17 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate CTSB (see all 17):
    hsa-miR-3685 hsa-miR-320a hsa-miR-1271 hsa-miR-320d hsa-miR-486-3p hsa-miR-431 hsa-miR-7 hsa-miR-339-5p
    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: CTSB 3' UTR sequence
    Inhib. RNA
    Products:            		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
    OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for CTSB (see all 7)
    OriGene shRNA RFP: CTSB
    OriGene siRNA: CTSB
    QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat CTSB

    Gene Editing
    Products:    		DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for CTSB

    Clone
    Products:             		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from EMD Millipore
    OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for CTSB (see all 7)
    OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for CTSB (see all 5)
    OriGene custom cloning services – gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling 
    GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector (see all 5): CTSB (NM_001908)
    Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for CTSB
    DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for CTSB
    Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat CTSB 

    Cell Line
    Products:             		GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for CTSB
    Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for CTSB

    In Situ Assay
    Products:       
         		Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for CTSB

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/7 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 7):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0004175endopeptidase activity ----
    GO:0004197cysteine-type endopeptidase activity IDA6203523
    GO:0005515protein binding IPI6203523
    GO:0008233peptidase activity IDA7890620
    GO:0008234cysteine-type peptidase activity IDA8811434


    CTSB for ontologies           About GeneDecksing


    4 GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for CTSB:
     Decreased homologous recombina  Increased cell death HMECs cel  Synthetic lethal with Ras  Synthetic lethal with imatinib 

    Animal Models:
         Mouse knock-out Ctsbtm1Jde for CTSB
         14 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 1 allele) (MGI details for Ctsb):
     behavior/neurological  cellular  digestive/alimentary  endocrine/exocrine gland  growth/size 
     homeostasis/metabolism  immune system  integument  mortality/aging  nervous system 
     normal  other  renal/urinary system  tumorigenesis 

    CTSB for phenotypes           About GeneDecksing


    Pathways & Interactions
    for CTSB gene

    (Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, 3I2D, and/or 4STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
    About This Section

    Unified GeneCards pathways - 5/12 super-pathways (see all 12) About this table 
    See pathways by source

    Super-pathwaycontained gene-specific pathways
    1Immune System
    		Immune System1.00
    		Innate Immune System0.46
    		Adaptive Immune System0.59
    2Collagen formation
    		Collagen formation1.00
    		Extracellular matrix organization0.54
    		Assembly of collagen fibrils and other multimeric structures0.65
    3Degradation of the extracellular matrix
    		Degradation of the extracellular matrix1.00
    		Degradation of collagen0.79
    4Protein Stability
    		Protein Stability1.00
    5Apoptosis and Autophagy
    		Apoptosis and Autophagy1.00

    Pathway sources
    See GeneCards unified pathways
    Show all pathways


    2 Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Pathways for CTSB
        Apoptosis and Autophagy
    Protein Stability

    1 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) Pathway for CTSB
        Bacterial infections in CF airways

    5/12        Reactome Pathways for CTSB (see all 12)
        Endostatin degradation by cathepsins
    Assembly of collagen fibrils and other multimeric structures
    Toll-Like Receptors Cascades
    Adaptive Immune System
    Collagen formation


    2         Kegg Pathways  (Kegg details for CTSB):
        Lysosome
    Antigen processing and presentation


    CTSB for pathways           About GeneDecksing

    Interactions:

        SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for CTSB

    STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 25)

    5/57 Interacting proteins for CTSB (P078581, 2, 3 ENSP000003420704) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 57)
    InteractantInteraction Details
    GeneCardExternal ID(s)
    RGS2P412202, 3MINT-8268724 MINT-63727 I2D: score=5 
    BAG6P463792, 3MINT-63430 I2D: score=5 
    ANXA7P200732, 3MINT-8248241 I2D: score=2 
    CDKN1AP389362, 3MINT-8251771 I2D: score=2 
    FAM118BQ9BPY32, 3MINT-8255068 I2D: score=2 
    About this table

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/18 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 18):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0006508proteolysis IDA7890620
    GO:0006914autophagy ----
    GO:0006950response to stress ----
    GO:0007519skeletal muscle tissue development ----
    GO:0009611response to wounding ----


    CTSB for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    Drugs & Compounds
    for CTSB gene

    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
    About This Section

    CTSB for compounds           About GeneDecksing

    EMD Millipore small molecules for CTSB:
    Small Molecule - inhibitor
    Enzo Life Sciences drugs & compounds for CTSB

    Browse Tocris compounds for CTSB

    10/14 DrugBank Compounds for CTSB (see all 14)    About this table
    CompoundSynonyms CAS #TypeActionsPubMed Ids
    2-Pyridinethiol-- --target--17139284 17016423 10592235
    3-Amino-4-Oxybenzyl-2-Butanone-- --target--17139284 17016423 10592235
    Diphenylacetic Acid-- --target--17139284 17016423 10592235
    2-Aminoethanimidic Acid-- --target--17139284 17016423
    3-Methylphenylalanine-- --target--17139284 17016423
    BENZYL N-({(2S,3S)-3-[(PROPYLAMINO)CARBONYL]OXIRAN-2-YL}CARBONYL)-L-ISOLEUCYL-L-PROLINATE-- --target--10592235
    METHYL N-({(2S,3S)-3-[(PROPYLAMINO)CARBONYL]OXIRAN-2-YL}CARBONYL)-L-ISOLEUCYL-L-PROLINATE-- --target--10592235
    N-(3-Propylcarbamoyloxirane-2-Carbonyl)-Isoleucyl-Proline-- 134448-10-5target--10592235
    N-({(2S,3S)-3-[(BENZYLAMINO)CARBONYL]OXIRAN-2-YL}CARBONYL)-L-ISOLEUCYL-L-PROLINE-- --target--10592235
    N-[1-Hydroxycarboxyethyl-Carbonyl]Leucylamino-2-Methyl-Butane-- --target--10592235

    10/125 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for CTSB gene (see all 125)    About this table
    Compound   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    cysteine 90.8 376 7944391 (4), 9569125 (3), 7731994 (2), 8762055 (2) (see all 99)
    ca 074 89.2 16 9546050 (2), 10739956 (1), 11258881 (1), 10380357 (1) (see all 12)
    actinidin 77.4 11 8654398 (3), 7887904 (2), 7575465 (1), 8718861 (1) (see all 8)
    e 64d 75.8 7 16874052 (1), 16339296 (1), 17097791 (1), 12893746 (1) (see all 6)
    7-amino-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin 75.2 2 1355496 (1), 1356148 (1)
    poststatin 74.8 4 8931723 (2), 8931724 (1), 8931725 (1)
    z-arg-arg-nhmec 70.1 1 10900131 (1)
    leupeptin 68.7 16 12220505 (1), 8762057 (1), 10075843 (1), 10501085 (1) (see all 13)
    trypsinogen 67.5 47 12102727 (4), 19900452 (3), 8286198 (3), 7485384 (3) (see all 20)
    pheg 61.5 1 16029017 (1)

    Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about CTSB / CATB 

    Transcripts
    for CTSB gene

    (Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
    GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
    siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
    About This Section
    REFSEQ mRNAs for CTSB gene (5 alternative transcripts): 
    NM_001908.3  NM_147780.2  NM_147781.2  NM_147782.2  NM_147783.2  

    Unigene Cluster for CTSB:

    Cathepsin B
    Hs.520898  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_147780
    18/37 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant (see all 37):
    ENST00000353047(uc003wuu.3) ENST00000420692 ENST00000530640 ENST00000531089
    ENST00000453527 ENST00000531551 ENST00000345125 ENST00000533455 ENST00000534510
    ENST00000526481 ENST00000530624 ENST00000532409 ENST00000530290 ENST00000533110
    ENST00000534636 ENST00000533572 ENST00000530296 ENST00000525076

    miRNA
    Products:             		 OriGene 3'-UTR Clone (see all 5): CTSB
    Browse OriGene MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
    QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat CTSB
    8/17 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate CTSB (see all 17):
    hsa-miR-3685 hsa-miR-320a hsa-miR-1271 hsa-miR-320d hsa-miR-486-3p hsa-miR-431 hsa-miR-7 hsa-miR-339-5p
    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: CTSB 3' UTR sequence
    Inhib. RNA
    Products:             		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
    OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for CTSB (see all 7)
    OriGene shRNA RFP: CTSB
    OriGene siRNA: CTSB
    QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat CTSB
    Clone
    Products:             		 OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for CTSB (see all 7)
    OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for CTSB (see all 5)
    OriGene custom cloning services – gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling 
    GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector (see all 5): CTSB (NM_001908)
    DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for CTSB
    Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat CTSB 
    Primer
    Products:            		 OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for CTSB
    Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
    SABiosciences RT2 qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat CTSB
      QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat CTSB
      QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat CTSB

    Additional cDNA sequence: 

    AK075393.1 AK092070.1 AK097384.1 AK098296.1 AK127308.1 AK130184.1 AK290239.1 AK296845.1 
    AK297687.1 BC010240.1 BC095408.1 BX647765.1 BX647952.1 L16510.1 L38712.1 M13230.1 
    M14221.1 Y18460.1 

    24/98 DOTS entries (see all 98):

    DT.100850425  DT.100686825  DT.100059728  DT.100849772  DT.95316962  DT.100714463  DT.120646724  DT.100686806 
    DT.120646898  DT.92061400  DT.95258060  DT.95258117  DT.100686820  DT.120646761  DT.120646609  DT.100686868 
    DT.100686824  DT.100686850  DT.100686835  DT.95258033  DT.100641889  DT.120646644  DT.100686838  DT.100686805 

    24/1176 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 1176):

    BU151673 BQ647205 CA390194 BI770058 CR608531 CR613583 BE907163 AA336919 
    AU076885 CR609102 CR612757 BE256703 BX438066 CF132665 CR607589 BE166171 
    BG252355 N20362 CF132644 BE744162 AA337246 AA304513 CF131229 CB145191 

    GeneLoc Exon Structure

    5/12 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for CTSB (see all 12)    About this scheme

    ExUns: 1a · 1b · 1c ^ 2a · 2b ^ 3 ^ 4 ^ 5a · 5b ^ 6 ^ 7a · 7b · 7c · 7d ^ 8a · 8b ^ 9a · 9b ^ 10a · 10b · 10c ^ 11a · 11b ^ 12 ^ 13 ^ 14a ·
    SP1:                    -     -     -     -     -     -                                                     -     -                 -     -                     
    SP2:                    -     -     -     -     -           -                                               -     -                 -     -                     
    SP3:                    -     -     -     -     -     -     -                                               -     -                 -     -                     
    SP4:                                                                                                                                                            
    SP5:                                            -     -     -                                               -     -                                             

    ExUns: 14b ^ 15 ^ 16a · 16b
    SP1:                        
    SP2:                        
    SP3:                        
    SP4:                        
    SP5:                        


    ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for CTSB

    Expression
    for CTSB gene

    (RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
    PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
    About This Section

    CTSB expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
    See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
    About this imageBioGPS
    CGAP TAG: TGGGTGAGCC

    Microarray
    RNAseq (Illumina Body Map)
    (100×FPKM)½
    SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression)
    About this image

    CTSB expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells
    Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine    About this table
    3 LifeMap In Vivo Development Anatomical Compartments/Cells 
    Tissue Anatomical Compartment CellCategory (developmental path)
    PlacentaExtravillous Cytotrophoblast LayerExtravillous Cytotrophoblast CellsExtraembryonic Tissues, Placenta
    HeartEndocardiumCushion Mesenchymal CellsEndocardium
    KidneyS-shaped BodyKidney
    Expression: Positive    Negative     Selective marker
    Experimental details: Curated     Microarrays     In-situ hybridization
    Stem Cell Differentiation: 1 LifeMap Cell 
    NameCategory
    Posterior foregut-like cells (A scalable, suspensi...)

    See CTSB Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
    Genevestigator expression for CTSB

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.520898
        SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Arrays including CTSB (see all 9): 
              Antiviral Response in human mouse rat
              Oxidative Stress in human mouse rat
              Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway in human mouse rat
              Inflammasomes in human mouse rat
              Autophagy in human mouse rat

    Primer
    Products:    		 OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for CTSB
    Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
    SABiosciences RT2 qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat CTSB
    QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat CTSB
    QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat CTSB
    In Situ
    Assay Products:     
         		Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for CTSB

    Orthologs
    for CTSB gene

    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD , 5MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or 6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
    About This Section
    This gene was present in the common ancestor of eukaryotes.

    Orthologs for CTSB gene from 8/28 species (see all 28)    About this table
    Organism Taxonomic
    classification    		 Gene Description Human
    Similarity    		 Orthology
    Type    		 Details
    chicken
    (Gallus gallus)    		 Aves CTSB1 cathepsin B 75.5(n)
    77.41(a)    		   396329  NM_205371.1  NP_990702.1 
    lizard
    (Anolis carolinensis)    		 Reptilia CTSB6
    		 --
    		 70(a)
    		 1 ↔ 1
    		 GL343309.1(181381-194587)
    African clawed frog
    (Xenopus laevis)    		 Amphibia cg10992-prov2 hypothetical protein MGC52983 76.02(n)    BC046667.1 
    zebrafish
    (Danio rerio)    		 Actinopterygii BC044517.12   -- 76.33(n)   394030  BC044517.1 
    fruit fly
    (Drosophila melanogaster)    		 Insecta CG109921 , 3 cathepsin B3
    CG109921    		 58(a)3
    59.81(n)1
    60.13(a)1    		   12C23
    323411  NM_132692.21  NP_572920.11 
    worm
    (Caenorhabditis elegans)    		 Secernentea F57F5.13 cysteine protease 51(a)
    (best of 7)    		   V(12005606-12006629)   --
    thale cress
    (Arabidopsis thaliana)    		 eudicotyledons AT1G023051 putative cathepsin B-like cysteine protease 55.36(n)
    53.15(a)    		   839538  NM_100111.3  NP_563648.1 
    rice
    (Oryza sativa)    		 Liliopsida AK064820.12   -- 78.02(n)    AK064820.1 


    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for CTSB (if available)
    TreeFam Gene Tree for CTSB (if available) 

    Paralogs
    for CTSB gene

    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene,
    2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
    About This Section
    Paralogs for CTSB gene
    TINAG2  CTSL12  CTSF2  CTSO2  CTSW2  CTSK2  CTSS2  CTSL22  
    CTSH2  CTSC2  TINAGL12  CTSZ2  
    2 SIMAP similar genes for CTSB using alignment to 18 protein entries:     CATB_HUMAN (see all proteins):
    DKFZp686N0152    TINAG

    CTSB for paralogs           About GeneDecksing


    2 Pseudogenes.org Pseudogenes for CTSB
    PGOHUM00000245227 PGOHUM00000245492


    Genomic Variants
    for CTSB gene

    (SNPs/Variants according to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
    About This Section

    10/990 NCBI SNPs in CTSB are shown (see all 990)     About this table
    Genomic DataTranscription Related DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidClinical
    significance    		Chr 8 posSequence#AA
    Chg    		TypeMore#Allele
    freq    		PopTotal
    sample    		More
    ----------
    rs1118151021,2
    		C,--10630508(+) GCAGTA/GAGCCA 5 -- ds50011Minor allele frequency- G:0.00NA 2
    rs16138831,2
    		C,F,--10630569(+) CAAAAT/ATTTTT 5 -- ds50016Minor allele frequency- A:0.12NA WA EA 364
    rs787639861,2
    		F,--10630604(+) CCTACC/TTATAC 5 -- ds50011Minor allele frequency- T:0.03NA 120
    rs1167892051,2
    		C,F,--10630624(+) TATTCT/CGGAGT 5 -- ds50011Minor allele frequency- C:0.06WA 118
    rs286204631,2
    		--10630780(+) GAGCTA/CTTTCC 5 -- ds50010--------
    rs735431731,2
    		C,--10630884(+) CGCTGG/CCTCCA 5 -- ds50013Minor allele frequency- C:0.31NA WA 122
    rs16928211,2
    		C,F,O,H,--10630925(-) CCATCA/GTATAC 5 -- ds500133Minor allele frequency- T:0.01EA NA MN NS WA 3276
    rs1120864641,2
    		C,--10630926(+) TATACG/AATGGA 5 -- ds50012Minor allele frequency- A:0.09WA 120
    rs10653871,2
    		A--10631672(-) ggctcA/Gcgcct 5 -- ut310--------
    rs287028271,2
    		--10631740(+) CTACAA/GTGTTC 5 -- ut31 ese30--------

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for CTSB (11700033 - 11726957 bp)
    Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
    Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 19 variations for CTSB
         3 CNVs: 48032 52353 52352
         15/16 Inversions (see all 16): 37318 37316 37307 37317 37311 37319 37320 37315 37312 37321 37304 37313 37314 37305 37306
    Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): CTSB

    SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays
    QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing CTSB
    DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for CTSB

    Disorders / Diseases
    for CTSB gene

    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section
    CTSB for disorders           About GeneDecksing

    OMIM gene information: 116810    OMIM disorders: --

    20/154 diseases for CTSB (see all 154):    About MalaCards
    adenocarcinoma    alzheimer's disease    dementia    ceroid lipofuscinosis
    esophagitis    neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis    disseminated intravascular coagulation    lysosomal storage disease
    retinol binding protein    gingival overgrowth    tropical calcific pancreatitis    duchenne muscular dystrophy
    familial mediterranean fever    squamous cell carcinoma    giant cell tumor    mucolipidosis ii
    type 2 diabetes mellitus    ileum cancer    gastric cardia adenocarcinoma    pelvic inflammatory disease

    4 diseases from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for CTSB:
    Pancreatitis     Alzheimer's disease     Carcinoma     Arthritis

    10/97 Novoseek disease relationships for CTSB gene (see all 97)    About this table

    Disease   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    tumors 56.5 392 9524062 (7), 9499362 (6), 11147599 (6), 9770500 (6) (see all 99)
    osteoclastoma 54.7 3 8467955 (2), 1540624 (1)
    metastasis 54.3 104 7677635 (3), 8330299 (3), 18296264 (3), 11147599 (3) (see all 79)
    alzheimers disease 49.6 26 1795881 (3), 7674807 (2), 11033346 (1), 11880515 (1) (see all 21)
    senile plaques 49.5 9 1692625 (2), 1795881 (1), 7592716 (1), 1584965 (1) (see all 8)
    cancer 48.8 131 2097084 (4), 14587299 (4), 10374777 (3), 10866820 (3) (see all 83)
    i-cell disease 48.4 1 8240260 (1)
    glioblastoma 45.3 41 19774387 (6), 11494030 (6), 14730346 (4), 7820956 (4) (see all 15)
    glioma 44.9 54 10571410 (5), 7820956 (4), 17172424 (4), 11494030 (4) (see all 27)
    chronic periodontitis 44.8 7 9429076 (2), 8884632 (1), 16953825 (1), 1531511 (1) (see all 6)

    Genetic Association Database (GAD): CTSB
    Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: CTSB (10 documents)

    Export disorders for CTSB gene to outside databases

    Publications
    for CTSB gene

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Entrez Gene, 2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 3HGNC, 4GAD, 5PharmGKB, 6HMDB, 7DrugBank, 8UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 9 Novoseek, and/or 10fRNAdb)
    About This Section

    PubMed articles for CTSB gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 1117):
    (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with CTSB)    		    Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
    world of online information

    1. Human gastric adenocarcinoma cathepsin B: isolation and sequencing of full-length cDNAs and polymorphisms of the gene. (PubMed id 8112600)1, 2, 3, 9 Cao L.... Sloane B.F. (1994)
    2. Nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences of cloned human and mouse preprocathepsin B cDNAs. (PubMed id 3463996)1, 2, 3 Chan S.J.... Steiner D.F. (1986)
    3. Human tumour cathepsin B. Comparison with normal liver cathepsin B. (PubMed id 1637335)1, 2, 9 Moin K.... Sloane B.F. (1992)
    4. A polymorphic marker for the human cathepsin B gene. (PubMed id 11513559)1, 4, 9 MacKenzie J.R....Bickerstaffe R. (2001)
    5. The refined 2.15 A X-ray crystal structure of human liver cathepsin B: the structural basis for its specificity. (PubMed id 1868826)1, 2, 9 Musil D.... Bode W. (1991)
    6. Epileptic and developmental disorders of the speech cortex: ligand/receptor interaction of wild-type and mutant SRPX2 with the plasminogen activator receptor uPAR. (PubMed id 18718938)1, 2 Royer-Zemmour B....Szepetowski P. (2008)
    7. Proteomic and bioinformatic characterization of the biogenesis and function of melanosomes. (PubMed id 17081065)1, 2 Chi A....Hunt D.F. (2006)
    8. Signal sequence and keyword trap in silico for selection of full- length human cDNAs encoding secretion or membrane proteins from oligo- capped cDNA libraries. (PubMed id 16303743)1, 2 Otsuki T....Isogai T. (2005)
    9. The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)1, 2 Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
    10. Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. (PubMed id 14702039)1, 2 Ota T.... Sugano S. (2004)

    External Searches for CTSB gene

    (in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
    About This Section
     ANDOR
    Aliases
    Disorders
    Free Text  
      Query String
    		PubMed
    OMIM
    NCBI Bookshelf
      (Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

    Genome Databases showing CTSB gene

    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
    About This Section
    Entrez Gene: 1508 HGNC: 2527 AceView: CTSB Ensembl:ENSG00000164733 euGenes: HUgn1508
    ECgene: CTSB Kegg: 1508 H-InvDB: CTSB

    Other Databases showing CTSB gene

    (According to HUGE)
    About This Section
    		   --

    Specialized Databases showing CTSB gene

    (According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
    Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
    About This Section
    NameDescription
    PharmGKB entry for CTSB Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
    ATLAS Chromosomes in Cancer entry for CTSB Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology

    Intellectual Property
    for CTSB gene

    (Patent information from GeneIP,
    Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts,
    IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)
    About This Section
    		Patent Information for CTSB gene:
    Search GeneIP for patents involving CTSB

    GeneCards and IP:
    Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     Improving the IP Search



    Products
    for CTSB gene

    (Antibodies, recombinant proteins, and assays from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, QIAGEN, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, SABiosciences, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, Enzo Life Sciences, Abcam, ProSpec, Uscn, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, SwitchGear Genomics, Vector BioLabs, Cell lines from GenScript and LifeMap BioReagents, PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Drugs and/or compounds from EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Enzo Life Sciences),
    In Situ Hybridization Assays from
    Advanced Cell Diagnostics
    About This Section

     EMD Millipore Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies for the study of CTSB
     Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from EMD Millipore
     Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
     EMD Millipore small molecules (inhibitor) for CTSB
     Browse Kits and Assays available from EMD Millipore
     Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at EMD Millipore
     
     EMD Millipore Custom Antibody & Bulk Services
     EMD Millipore Preclinical / Clinical Development Services
     EMD Millipore Immunoassay Services
     EMD Millipore Target Screening & Profiling Services

      
     Antibodies for CTSB (Cathepsin B)   Browse Cell Culture Products  
     ELISAs for CTSB (Cathepsin B)   Browse Flow Cytometry Kits  
     Browse Primer Pairs   Browse Kinase Activity Assays/Reagents  
     Browse ELISpot Kits/Development Modules   Browse TFB/Immunoprecipitation Assays  
     Browse Apoptosis Detection Kits/Reagents   Browse Ubiquitin Proteasome Pathway (UPP) Assay Kits/Reagents  
     Browse DNA Damage/Repair Kits/Reagents   Multiplex/Array Assay Kits/Reagents for CTSB (Cathepsin B)  
     Browse Cell Selection/Detection Kits/Reagents   Browse Secondary Antibodies/Controls/Staining Reagents  
     Browse Phosphatase Activity Assays/Reagents   Recombinant/Natural Proteins for CTSB (Cathepsin B)  
     OriGene Antibodies for CTSB   OriGene shRNA RFP for CTSB  
     OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for CTSB   OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for CTSB  
     OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysate for CTSB   Browse OriGene Fluorogenic Cell Assay Kits  
     OriGene siRNA for CTSB   OriGene 3'-UTR Clone for CTSB  
     OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for CTSB   OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for CTSB  
     Browse OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector   Browse OriGene MicroRNA Expression Plasmids  
     Browse OriGene basic RS shRNAs   Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs  
     OriGene Purified Protein for CTSB   OriGene custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling  
     OriGene Custom Antibody Services for CTSB   OriGene Custom Protein Services for CTSB  
     OriGene Custom Immunoassay Development  

         		 
     QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of in human, mouse, rat CTSB
     QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing CTSB
     QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat CTSB
     QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat CTSB
     QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat CTSB
     QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat CTSB
     GenScript Custom Purified and Recombinant Proteins Services for CTSB GenScript cDNA clones with any tag delivered in your preferred vector for CTSB
     GenScript CTSB-Activity-based typehere Assay for Compound Screening GenScript Custom Superior Antibodies Services for CTSB
     GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for CTSB CloneReady with Over 120,000 Genes
     Gene Synthesis: Any Gene in Any Vector Vector-based siRNA and miRNA, Ready for Transfection
     Gene Mutant Library, Variants up to 10^11 Plasmid Preparation
     Custom Peptide Services
     Antibodies & Assays for CTSB 

     Regulatory tfbs in CTSB promoter
     Search Chromatin IP Primers for CTSB
     RT2 qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat CTSB
     GNC Network for CTSB
     SABiosciences PCR Arrays including human, mouse, rat CTSB
     Search Tocris compounds for CTSB
     Proteins and Antibodies for CTSB
     cDNA Clones for CTSB
     Antibodies/Proteins Production Services
     Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody Platform
     Bulk Purchasing
     Assays/Drugs/Proteins for CTSB
     Search www.enzolifesciences.com for proteins, assays, substrates, inhibitors & antibodies
     Novus Tissue Slides
     CTSB antibodies
     CTSB proteins
     CTSB lysates
     Antibodies for CTSB
     See all of Abcam's Antibodies, Kits and Proteins for CTSB
     Custom Antibody / Protein Production Service
     Bulk Purchasing
     Advantages of Rabbit Monoclonal antibodies
     Abcam protocols and scientific support
     Browse ProSpec Recombinant Proteins




     CTSB Proteins, Antibodies, CLIAs, and ELISAs
     Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for CTSB
     Gene Synthesis
     Protein Engineering
     Variant Library Synthesis
     Codon Optimization
     Protein Production and Purification
     Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for CTSB
     SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmids for CTSB
     SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmids for CTSB
     ThermoFisher Antibodies for CTSB
     Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat CTSB
           
    GeneCards Homepage - Last full update: 19 Mar 2013 - Incrementals: 21 Mar 2013 , 15 Apr 2013 , 26 Apr 2013

    View Random Gene

    Category
    VWF
    (GIFTS: 73)
    von Willebrand factor
    GIFtS Group
    The GeneCards human gene database gene index: 1 3 5 6 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 

    Developed at the Crown Human Genome Center, Department of Molecular Genetics, the Weizmann Institute of Science

    Copyright © 1996-2013 , Weizmann Institute of Science. All Rights Reserved.
    Hot genes      Disease genes      CTSB gene at Home site.
    hostname: 356980-web2.xennexinc.com index build: 100 solr: 1.4