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Category   Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21
GIFtS

CLC Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 56
GCID: GC19M040221

Charcot-Leyden crystal protein

 Explore 19 diseases affiliated with
CLC via our new
 Human Malady Compendium 
Biological research products
for CLC
    

(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc, 7Ensembl, 8DME, 9miRBase, and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
Charcot-Leyden Crystal Protein1 2 3     LGALS10A2
LGALS101 2     Eosinophil Lysophospholipase2
LPPL_HUMAN1 2     Galectin 102
Lysolecithin Acylhydrolase2 3     Galectin-103
Gal-102 3     EC 3.1.1.53
MGC1496591     Galectin-103
GAL102     

External Ids:    HGNC: 20141   Entrez Gene: 11782   Ensembl: ENSG000001052057   OMIM: 1533105   UniProtKB: Q053153   

Export aliases for CLC gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC19M040862 GC19M040613 GC19M044897 GC19M044913 GC19M036668


(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for CLC:
Lysophospholipases are enzymes that act on biological membranes to regulate the multifunctional lysophospholipids. The
protein encoded by this gene is a lysophospholipase expressed in eosinophils and basophils. It hydrolyzes
lysophosphatidylcholine to glycerophosphocholine and a free fatty acid. This protein may possess carbohydrate or
IgE-binding activities. It is both structurally and functionally related to the galectin family of beta-galactoside
binding proteins. It may be associated with inflammation and some myeloid leukemias. (provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: LPPL_HUMAN, Q05315
Function: May have both lysophospholipase and carbohydrate-binding activities

Gene Wiki entry for CLC


(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000019.9  NC_018930.1  NT_011109.16  
Regulatory elements:
   SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the CLC gene promoter:
         FOXI1   HFH-3   p53   HFH-1   STAT3   FOXL1   
         Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmidCLC promoter sequence
   Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for CLC

Epigenetics:
QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat CLC


Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 19q13.1   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  19q13.2   HGNC cytogenetic band: 19q13.1

CLC Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
CLC gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 19         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC19M040221:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
40,221,895 bp from pter      End:
40,228,668 bp from pter
Size:
6,774 bases      Orientation:
minus strand

(According to 1UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: LPPL_HUMAN, Q05315 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: Eosinophil lysophospholipase  
Size: 142 amino acids; 16453 Da
Subcellular location: Cytoplasmic granule. Note=Localized in granules from where it may be secreted or transported to
other locations in the cell
Miscellaneous: Forms hexagonal bipyramidal crystals, known as Charcot-Leyden crystals, in tissues and secretions from
sites of eosinophil-associated inflammation and some myeloid leukemias
4 PDB 3D structures from and Proteopedia for CLC:
1G86 (3D)        1HDK (3D)        1LCL (3D)        1QKQ (3D)    
Secondary accessions: Q0VDE3

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for CLC: NX_Q05315

Post-translational modifications:

  • View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus2
  • View neXtProt modification sites for NX_Q05315

  • CLC Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb:    About this image 
    CLC Protein Expression
    REFSEQ proteins: NP_001819.2  
    ENSEMBL proteins: 
     ENSP00000221804  

    Human Recombinant Protein Products for CLC: 
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    Uscn Proteins for CLC


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    Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for CLC


    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section

    CLC for domains           About GeneDecksing

    3 InterPro domains/families:
     IPR001079 Galectin_CRD
     IPR013320 ConA-like_subgrp
     IPR008985 ConA-like_lec_gl_sf

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry Q05315

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q05315

    1 Blocks protein family: IPB001079 Galectin

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: LPPL_HUMAN, Q05315
    Similarity: Contains 1 galectin domain


    (According to 1UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or 2DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013, inGenious Targeting Laboratory,
    bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase, shRNA from OriGene, Sirion Biotech, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Sirion Biotech, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, Sirion Biotech, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section

    Molecular Function:

         UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary: LPPL_HUMAN, Q05315
    Function: May have both lysophospholipase and carbohydrate-binding activities
    Catalytic activity: 2-lysophosphatidylcholine + H(2)O = glycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate

         Genatlas biochemistry entry for CLC:
    Charcot-Leyden crystal protein,eosinophil lysophospholipase,also expressed in basophil,galectin family of
    galactoride-beta binding protein

         Enzyme Number (IUBMB): EC 3.1.1.51

         Gene Ontology (GO): 3 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0004091carboxylesterase activity IEA--
    GO:0004622lysophospholipase activity IEA--
    GO:0030246carbohydrate binding IEA--
         
    CLC for ontologies           About GeneDecksing


    Phenotypes:
         1 GenomeRNAi human phenotype for CLC:
     Synthetic lethal with c-Myc af 

    Animal Models:
       inGenious Targeting Laboratory - Customizable classic, inducible, and humanized mouse model solutions for CLC 

    miRNA
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    OriGene shRNA RFP: CLC
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    In Situ Assay
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    Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for CLC


    (Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, 3I2D, and/or 4STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
    About This Section



    Interactions:

        SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for CLC

    Gene Ontology (GO): 2 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0007275multicellular organismal development TAS8400237
    GO:0016042lipid catabolic process IEA--

    CLC for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
    About This Section

    CLC for compounds           About GeneDecksing

    Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore
    Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

    Browse Tocris compounds for CLC

    10/1003 HMDB Compounds for CLC (see all 1003)    About this table
    CompoundSynonyms CAS #PubMed Ids
    Arachidic acidArachate (see all 10)506-30-9--
    Arachidonic acid5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraenoic acid (see all 16)506-32-1--
    Glycerophosphocholine2-[[(2,3-dihydroxypropoxy)hydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-N,N,N-trimethyl-Ethanaminium inner salt (see all 21)28319-77-9--
    Glycerylphosphorylethanolamine2-aminoethyl ester 1-Glycerophosphoric acid (see all 10)1190-00-7--
    Heptadecanoic acidHeptadecanoate (see all 16)506-12-7--
    Heptadecanoyl CoAHeptadecanoyl coenzyme A (see all 19)3546-17-6--
    LysoPC(0:0/18:0)1-Hydroxy-2-stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (see all 4)----
    LysoPC(10:0)1-Decanoyllysolecithin (see all 14)22248-63-1--
    LysoPC(14:0)LysoPC(14:0) (see all 9)----
    LysoPC(14:1(9Z))LysoPC(14:1) (see all 17)----

    3 DrugBank Compounds for CLC    About this table
    CompoundSynonyms CAS #TypeActionsPubMed Ids
    Beta-D-Mannose-- 7322-31-8target--17139284 17016423
    N-Ethylmaleimide-- 128-53-0target--17139284 17016423
    Para-Mercury-Benzenesulfonic Acid-- --target--17139284 17016423

    2 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for CLC gene    About this table
    Compound   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    chloride 49.1 1 10932070 (1)
    mannose 44.7 3 10529229 (2), 11834744 (1)

    Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about CLC / LPPL 

    (Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
    GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
    siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, Sirion Biotech, microRNA from QIAGEN,
    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
    About This Section

    REFSEQ mRNAs for CLC gene: 
    NM_001828.5  

    Unigene Cluster for CLC:

    Charcot-Leyden crystal protein
    Hs.889  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequence: BU199133
    1 Ensembl transcript including schematic representation, and UCSC links where relevant:
    ENST00000221804(uc002omh.3)

    miRNA
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    Inhib. RNA
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    Additional cDNA sequence: 

    BC119711.1 BC119712.1 FJ613334.1 FJ613335.1 L01664.1 

    3 DOTS entries:

    DT.410840  DT.91703965  DT.95364234 

    24/56 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 56):

    NM_001828 AW292557 AV715398 AV716973 AV715152 BU198603 AV714443 AV714984 
    AV714675 AV715261 AV715923 BU198123 BU198769 AV712928 BU616069 L01664 
    BU198323 AV757393 AV717851 AV762486 AV713086 R09220 AV713515 AI066757 

    GeneLoc Exon Structure


    (RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
    PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
    About This Section

    CLC expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
    See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
    About this imageBioGPS
    CGAP TAG: ATCTTTTCTC
    CLC Expression
    About this image
    See CLC Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
    Genevestigator expression for CLC

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.889

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: LPPL_HUMAN, Q05315
    Tissue specificity: Expressed exclusively by eosinophils and basophils. Not detected in monocytes and neutrophils

        SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Arrays including CLC: 
              Growth Factors in human mouse rat
              Inflammatory Response & Autoimmunity 384HT in human mouse rat
              Allergy & Asthma in human mouse rat

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    In Situ
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    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD , 5MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or 6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
    About This Section

    This gene was present in the common ancestor of human and mouse.

    Orthologs for CLC gene from 1/3 species (see all 3)    About this table
    Organism Taxonomic
    classification
    Gene Description Human
    Similarity
    Orthology
    Type
    Details
    mouse
    (Mus musculus)
    Mammalia Clc5 Charcot-Leyden crystal protein   --   -


    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for CLC (if available)
    TreeFam Gene Tree for CLC (if available) 

    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene,
    2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
    About This Section
    Paralogs for CLC gene
    LGALS162  LGALS142  LGALS132  
    12 SIMAP similar genes for CLC using alignment to 1 protein entry:     LPPL_HUMAN:
    LGALS10A    LOC400696    LGALS17A    LGALS13    LGALS16    LGALS14
    LGALS9C    LGALS9    LGALS9B    LGALS8    LGALS7    LGALS7B

    CLC for paralogs           About GeneDecksing


    2 Pseudogenes.org Pseudogenes for CLC
    PGOHUM00000234687 PGOHUM00000234695


    (SNPs/Variants according to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
    About This Section

    10/226 NCBI SNPs in CLC are shown (see all 226    About this table
    Genomic DataTranscription Related DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidClinical
    significance
    Chr 19 posSequence#AA
    Chg
    TypeMore#Allele
    freq
    PopTotal
    sample
    More
    ----------
    rs1866839171,2
    --40221422(+) TGAGGA/GGACGA 1 -- ds50010--------
    rs1491751531,2
    --40221464(+) TCTTGA/GCATTT 1 -- ds50010--------
    rs104077991,2
    C,F,H--40221539(+) TGTTCC/TTACTC 1 -- ds500117Minor allele frequency- T:0.08NS EA NA WA CSA 796
    rs48020541,2
    C,F,A,H--40221564(+) TAAAGA/CGTGAG 1 -- ds500110Minor allele frequency- C:0.41NA WA CSA EA 506
    rs772050661,2
    F--40221613(+) CCCACC/GCTGTC 1 -- ds50011Minor allele frequency- G:0.12WA 118
    rs4401911,2
    C,F,A,H--40221643(+) CCCCAG/ATCCCA 1 -- ds500125Minor allele frequency- A:0.37MN NS EA WA NA CSA 2524
    rs1159508201,2
    F--40221661(+) CACCTC/GAGTGA 1 -- ds50011Minor allele frequency- G:0.03WA 118
    rs786050391,2
    --40221685(+) GGGTAG/AGGTTG 1 -- ds50011Minor allele frequency- A:0.01NA 120
    rs735597141,2
    C--40221695(+) GGTTCA/GGAGTG 1 -- ds50012Minor allele frequency- G:0.02WA 120
    rs1432355661,2
    --40221699(+) CAGAGG/TGTCTG 1 -- ds50010--------

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for CLC (40221895 - 40228668 bp)
    Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
    Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 2 variations for CLC
         2 CNVs: 32253 4079

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    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section

    CLC for disorders           About GeneDecksing

    OMIM gene information: 153310    OMIM disorders: --

    19 diseases for CLC:    About MalaCards
    myeloid leukemia    leukemia    allergic rhinitis    eosinophilic pneumonia
    bartter disease    cystic fibrosis    hypereosinophilic syndrome    rhinitis
    acute myeloid leukemia    osteopetrosis    bronchiolitis    nephrolithiasis
    celiac disease    keratoconus    fibrosis    hepatitis b
    hepatitis    pneumonia    papillary epithelial neoplasm

    1 disease from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for CLC:
    Eosinophilic pneumonia

    4 Novoseek disease relationships for CLC gene    About this table

    Disease   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    allergic rhinitis 44.4 3 19650845 (3)
    cystic fibrosis 37.3 3 19274342 (1), 9295337 (1)
    allergy 25.9 2 16457599 (1)
    inflammation 5.96 1 10529229 (1)

    Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: CLC (11 documents)

    Export disorders for CLC gene to outside databases

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Entrez Gene, 2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 3HGNC, 4GAD, 5PharmGKB, 6HMDB, 7DrugBank, 8UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 9 Novoseek, and/or 10fRNAdb)
    About This Section

    PubMed articles for CLC gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 50):
    (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with CLC)
        Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
    world of online information

    1. Localization of the human eosinophil Charcot-Leyden crystal protein (lysophospholipase) gene (CLC) to chromosome 19 and the human ribonuclease 2 (eosinophil-derived neurotoxin) and ribonuclease 3 (eosinophil cationic protein) genes (RNS2 and RNS3) to chromosome 14. (PubMed id 1577491)1, 2, 3, 9 Mastrianni D.M.... Ackerman S.J. (1992)
    2. Selective recognition of mannose by the human eosinophil Charcot- Leyden crystal protein (galectin-10): a crystallographic study at 1.8 A resolution. (PubMed id 10529229)1, 2, 9 Swaminathan G.J....Acharya K.R. (1999)
    3. The genomic structure of the human Charcot-Leyden crystal protein gene is analogous to those of the galectin genes. (PubMed id 9119387)1, 2, 9 Dyer K.D.... Rosenberg H.F. (1997)
    4. Comparative proteomics of nasal fluid in seasonal allergic rhinitis. (PubMed id 16457599)1, 2, 9 Ghafouri B.... Lindahl M. (2006)
    5. The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)1, 2 Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
    6. The DNA sequence and biology of human chromosome 19. (PubMed id 15057824)1, 2 Grimwood J.... Lucas S.M. (2004)
    7. Crystal structure of human Charcot-Leyden crystal protein, an eosinophil lysophospholipase, identifies it as a new member of the carbohydrate-binding family of galectins. (PubMed id 8747464)1, 2 Leonidas D.D....Acharya K.R. (1995)
    8. Molecular cloning and characterization of human eosinophil Charcot- Leyden crystal protein (lysophospholipase). Similarities to IgE binding proteins and the S-type animal lectin superfamily. (PubMed id 8419478)1, 2 Ackerman S.J....Tenen D.G. (1993)
    9. Human CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells: proteome analysis identifies galectin-10 as a novel marker essential for their anergy and suppressive function. (PubMed id 17502455)1, 9 Kubach J....Jonuleit H. (2007)
    10. CLC- a novel susceptibility gene for allergic rhiniti s? (PubMed id 19650845)1, 9 Bryborn M....Cardell L.O. (2010)

    (in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
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    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
    About This Section
    Entrez Gene: 1178 HGNC: 2014 AceView: CLC Ensembl:ENSG00000105205 euGenes: HUgn1178
    ECgene: CLC H-InvDB: CLC

    (According to HUGE)
    About This Section
      --

    (According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
    Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
    About This Section
    NameDescription
    PharmGKB entry for CLC Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
    ATLAS Chromosomes in Cancer entry for CLC Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
    Functional Glycomics Gateway - Glycan Bindinghttp://www.functionalglycomics.org/glycomics/GBPServlet?&operationType=view&cbpId=cbp_hum_Stlect_277

    (Patent information from GeneIP,
    Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts,
    IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)
    About This Section
    Patent Information for CLC gene:
    Search GeneIP for patents involving CLC

    GeneCards and IP:
    Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     Improving the IP Search



    (Antibodies, recombinant proteins, and assays from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, QIAGEN, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, SABiosciences, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, Enzo Life Sciences, Abcam, ProSpec, Uscn, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Gene Editing from DNA2.0 and Sirion Biotech, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, SwitchGear Genomics, Vector BioLabs, Cell lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, and Sirion Biotech, PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Drugs and/or compounds from EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Enzo Life Sciences, In Situ Hybridization Assays from
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     Regulatory tfbs in CLC promoter
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