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Category Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21

GIFtS
-

CD68 Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 60
GCID: GC17P007482

CD68 molecule

(Previous name: CD68 antigen )

Explore 69 diseases affiliated with
CD68 via

MalaCards

our new
Human Malady Compendium

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
CD68 Molecule¹ ²		Macrosialin¹
CD68 Antigen¹ ² ³		DKFZp686M18236¹
GP110¹ ²		Macrophage Antigen CD68²
LAMP4¹ ²		Scavenger Receptor Class D, Member 1²
SCARD1¹ ²		Gp110³

External Ids:	HGNC: 1693¹	Entrez Gene: 968²	Ensembl: ENSG00000129226⁷	OMIM: 153634⁵	UniProtKB: P34810³

Export aliases for CD68 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC17P007896 GC17P008222 GC17P007426 GC17P007683 GC17P007423 GC17P007376

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for CD68:

This gene encodes a 110-kD transmembrane glycoprotein that is highly expressed by human monocytes and tissue

macrophages. It is a member of the lysosomal/endosomal-associated membrane glycoprotein (LAMP) family. The protein

primarily localizes to lysosomes and endosomes with a smaller fraction circulating to the cell surface. It is a type I

integral membrane protein with a heavily glycosylated extracellular domain and binds to tissue- and organ-specific

lectins or selectins. The protein is also a member of the scavenger receptor family. Scavenger receptors typically

function to clear cellular debris, promote phagocytosis, and mediate the recruitment and activation of macrophages.

Alternative splicing results in multiple transcripts encoding different isoforms. (provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: CD68_HUMAN, P34810

Function: Could play a role in phagocytic activities of tissue macrophages, both in intracellular lysosomal metabolism

and extracellular cell-cell and cell-pathogen interactions. Binds to tissue- and organ-specific lectins or selectins,

allowing homing of macrophage subsets to particular sites. Rapid recirculation of CD68 from endosomes and lysosomes to

the plasma membrane may allow macrophages to crawl over selectin-bearing substrates or other cells

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000017.10 NC_018928.1 NT_010718.16

Regulatory elements:

SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the CD68 gene promoter:
p53 AP-1
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: CD68 promoter sequence

Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for CD68

Epigenetics:

QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat CD68

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 17p13 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 17p13.1 HGNC cytogenetic band: 17p13

CD68 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
CD68 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 17 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC17P007482: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	7,482,785 bp from pter	End:	7,485,429 bp from pter
Size:	2,645 bases	Orientation:	plus strand

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to ²PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: CD68_HUMAN, P34810 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Macrosialin precursor

Size: 354 amino acids; 37408 Da

Subcellular location: Isoform Short: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein

Subcellular location: Isoform Long: Endosome membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Lysosome membrane;

Single-pass type I membrane protein

Caution: CD68 is a commonly used marker for macrophages. However, a number of studies (PubMed:15194571, PubMed:15647451

and PubMed:18405323) have shown that CD68 antibodies react with other hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cell types,

suggesting that CD68 may not be a macrophage-specific antigen

Secondary accessions: Q53HR6 Q53XI3 Q96BI7

Alternative splicing: 2 isoforms: P34810-1 P34810-2

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for CD68: NX_P34810

Post-translational modifications:

N- and O-glycosylated¹

View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus²

View neXtProt modification sites for NX_P34810

CD68 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb: About this image

REFSEQ proteins (2 alternative transcripts):

NP_001035148.1 NP_001242.2

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000250092 ENSP00000369867 ENSP00000462768 ENSP00000462198

Human Recombinant Protein Products:

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	Novus Biologicals CD68 Proteins Novus Biologicals CD68 Lysates
	Sino Biological Recombinant Protein for CD68
	ProSpec Recombinant Protein for CD68
	Uscn Proteins for CD68

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/6 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 6): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005624	membrane fraction	--	--
GO:0005765	lysosomal membrane	IEA	--
GO:0005886	plasma membrane	IEA	--
GO:0010008	endosome membrane	IEA	--
GO:0016020	membrane	TAS	7680921

CD68 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

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Assay Products for CD68:

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	GenScript Custom Assay Services for CD68
	Browse Enzo Life Sciences for kits & assays
	Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for CD68

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

CD68 for domains About GeneDecksing

2 InterPro domains/families:

IPR018134 LAMP_CS

IPR002000 Lysosome-assoc_membr_glycop

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P34810

ProtoNet protein and cluster: P34810

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: CD68_HUMAN, P34810

Similarity: Belongs to the LAMP family

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Function Summary:

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: CD68_HUMAN, P34810

Function: Could play a role in phagocytic activities of tissue macrophages, both in intracellular lysosomal metabolism

and extracellular cell-cell and cell-pathogen interactions. Binds to tissue- and organ-specific lectins or selectins,

allowing homing of macrophage subsets to particular sites. Rapid recirculation of CD68 from endosomes and lysosomes to

the plasma membrane may allow macrophages to crawl over selectin-bearing substrates or other cells

Genatlas biochemistry entry for CD68:

cell differentiation antigen CD68,110 kDa,recognized by monoclonal antibodies,highly expressed by monocytes and

macrophages,member of the LAMP macrosialin family of hemapoietic mucin-like molecules

miRNA Products:		OriGene 3'-UTR Clone (see all 2): CD68 Browse MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat CD68
		3 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate CD68:
		hsa-miR-221* hsa-miR-3119 hsa-miR-1252
		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: CD68 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
		OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for CD68 (see all 7) OriGene shRNA RFP: CD68 OriGene siRNA: CD68
		QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat CD68

Gene Editing
Products:

DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for CD68

Clone Products:		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from EMD Millipore
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Cell Line Products:		GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for CD68
		Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for CD68

In Situ Assay
Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for CD68

Animal Models:
Mouse knock-outs for CD68: Cd68^tm1Xfen Cd68^tm1Shnd
3 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 2 alleles) (MGI details for Cd68):

hematopoietic system

immune system

skeleton

CD68 for phenotypes About GeneDecksing

(Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, ³I2D, and/or ⁴STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
About This Section

Unified GeneCards pathways About this table

See pathways by source

Super-pathway

contained gene-specific pathways

Selected targets of CREB1

Selected targets of CREB1

1.00

Lysosome

Lysosome

1.00

LDL Oxidation in Atherogenesis

LDL Oxidation in Atherogenesis

1.00

Pathway sources
See GeneCards unified pathways
Show all pathways

1 EMD Millipore Pathway for CD68

Selected targets of CREB1

1 Downloadable PowerPoint Slide of QIAGEN Pathway Central Maps for CD68

LDL Oxidation in Atherogenesis

1 Kegg Pathway (Kegg details for CD68):

Lysosome

CD68 for pathways About GeneDecksing

Interactions:

SABiosciences Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for CD68

STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 8)

5/10 Interacting proteins for CD68 (P34810^{2, 3} ENSP00000250092⁴) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 10)

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
SPI1	P17947³	I2D: score=1
UCHL5	ENSP00000356425⁴	STRING: ENSP00000356425
USP14	ENSP00000261601⁴	STRING: ENSP00000261601
PSMD1	ENSP00000309474⁴	STRING: ENSP00000309474
PSMD2	ENSP00000310129⁴	STRING: ENSP00000310129

About this table

Gene Ontology (GO): 1 biological process term (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0071310	cellular response to organic substance	IEA	--

CD68 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
About This Section

CD68 for compounds About GeneDecksing

Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Browse Tocris compounds for CD68
4 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for CD68 gene About this table

Compound	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
alpha-naphthyl acetate	51.8	2	1648372 (1), 9951149 (1)
paraffin	38	3	7684194 (1), 12475440 (1), 16888915 (1)
lipid	0	3	9395269 (2), 7605375 (1)
latex	0	1	15957187 (1)

Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about CD68

(Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
About This Section

REFSEQ mRNAs for CD68 gene (2 alternative transcripts):

NM_001040059.1 NM_001251.2

Unigene Cluster for CD68:

CD68 molecule

Hs.647419 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_001251

4 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:

ENST00000250092(uc002ghu.3 uc002ghv.3) ENST00000380498 ENST00000584502

ENST00000584180

miRNA Products:		OriGene 3'-UTR Clone (see all 2): CD68 Browse OriGene MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat CD68
		3 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate CD68:
		hsa-miR-221* hsa-miR-3119 hsa-miR-1252
		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: CD68 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
		OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for CD68 (see all 7) OriGene shRNA RFP: CD68 OriGene siRNA: CD68
		QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat CD68

Clone Products:		OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for CD68 (see all 5) OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for CD68 (see all 4) OriGene custom cloning services � gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector (see all 2): CD68 (NM_001251)
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		Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat CD68

Primer Products:		OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for CD68 Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
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		QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat CD68
		QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat CD68

Additional cDNA sequence:

AK222492.1 AK222514.1 AK290238.1 AK298055.1 AK301223.1 BC015557.2 BT009923.1 BX647524.1

S57235.1

24/27 DOTS entries (see all 27):

DT.95358847 DT.100885328 DT.100885329 DT.313808 DT.100885331 DT.100038254 DT.97766257 DT.100737729

DT.100853162 DT.120901565 DT.120901551 DT.120901611 DT.100692785 DT.100885337 DT.100885330 DT.100737730

DT.100885334 DT.120901660 DT.100707826 DT.100803402 DT.100885335 DT.120901440 DT.120901457 DT.120901584

8 AceView cDNA sequences:

CR606850 CR623004 CR598533 BC015557 BX647524 BT009923 S57235 NM_001251

GeneLoc Exon Structure

5 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for CD68 About this scheme

ExUns:	1a	·	1b	·	1c	^	2a	·	2b	·	2c	^	3	^	4a	·	4b	^	5	^	6	^	7a	·	7b
SP1:
SP2:
SP3:
SP4:							-		-
SP5:							-

ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for CD68

(RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
About This Section

CD68 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS
CGAP TAG: AGTTTCTTGT

About this image

CD68 expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells

Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine About this table

2 LifeMap In Vivo Development Anatomical Compartments/Cells

Tissue

Anatomical Compartment

Cell

Category (developmental path)

Placenta

Chorionic Villus

Hofbauer Cells

Selective marker (cell-identifying gene)

Extraembryonic Tissues, Placenta

Liver

Sinusoids

Kupffer Cells

Blood

Expression:

Positive

Negative

Selective marker

Experimental details:

Curated

Microarrays

In-situ hybridization

Stem Cell Differentiation: 1 LifeMap Cell

Name

Category

Macrophage-like cells (Generation of hemato...)

See CD68 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
Genevestigator expression for CD68

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.647419

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: CD68_HUMAN, P34810

Tissue specificity: Highly expressed by blood monocytes and tissue macrophages. Also expressed in lymphocytes,

fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Expressed in many tumor cell lines which could allow them to attach to selectins on

vascular endothelium, facilitating their dissemination to secondary sites

SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Array including CD68:

Hepatotoxicity in human mouse rat

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		QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat CD68

In Situ
Assay Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for CD68

(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD , ⁵MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or ⁶Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
About This Section

This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.

Orthologs for CD68 gene from 2/14 species (see all 14) About this table

Organism	Taxonomic classification	Gene	Description	Human Similarity	Orthology Type	Details
zebrafish (Danio rerio)	Actinopterygii	wu:fb66f03¹	wu:fb66f03	43.8(n) 30.66(a)		100000085 XM_002662803.2 XP_002662849.1
fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)	Insecta	Lamp1⁶	Lamp1	17(a)	1 → many	2L(21573389-21577103)

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for CD68 (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for CD68 (if available)

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene,
²Ensembl, and ³SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to ⁴Pseudogene.org Build 68)
About This Section

Paralogs for CD68 gene

LAMP1² LAMP3² LAMP2²

CD68 for paralogs About GeneDecksing

(SNPs/Variants according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
About This Section

SNP ID	Valid	Clinical significance	Chr 17 pos	Sequence	#	AA Chg	Type	More	#	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
Genomic Data					Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--
rs150185351^1,2	C,	--	7379413(+)	`CAGAGA/CCAGAC`	3	--	us2k¹ ds500¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs75582548^1,2	F,	--	7379517(+)	`CAGGAG/CAGCAG`	3	--	ds500¹ us2k¹		1		WA	118
rs113626456^1,2	C	--	7481025(+)	`CCATGC/GTGTGT`	6	--	us2k¹ spd¹		1		CSA	1
rs180694194^1,2		--	7481077(+)	`GTCCTA/GCTTGA`	6	--	us2k¹ int¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs8066907^1,2	C,F,A,H,	--	7481104(+)	`ACCCAG/AGTGCC`	6	--	us2k¹ int¹		9		NS NA WA	916
rs111406511^1,2	C	--	7481143(+)	`CTTCCT/AGCATG`	6	--	spa¹ us2k¹		1		CSA	1
rs199688340^1,2		--	7481265(+)	`GGCAGA/CAGGGA`	6	--	us2k¹ int¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs189630285^1,2	C,	--	7481268(+)	`AGAAGG/AGAGGA`	6	--	us2k¹ int¹		1		EU	1317
rs117966698^1,2	F,	--	7481406(+)	`CCCACA/CTGGAT`	6	--	int¹ us2k¹ nc-transcript-variant		1		EA	120
rs201454523^1,2		--	7481469(+)	`GTTGTC/TTTTCT`	6	--	int¹ us2k¹ ds500¹		0	--	--	--	--

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for CD68 (7482785 - 7485429 bp)
Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) variations for CD68: --

SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays

Search QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing CD68

DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for CD68

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
About This Section

CD68 for disorders           About GeneDecksing

OMIM gene information: 153634    OMIM disorders: --

20/69 diseases for CD68 (see all 69):    About MalaCards

langerhans-cell histiocytosis light chain deposition disease fibrous histiocytoma pigmented villonodular synovitis

malignant fibrous histiocytoma toxic epidermal necrolysis multicentric reticulohistiocytosis villonodular synovitis

hypersensitivity reaction type ii disease granular cell tumor human immunodeficiency virus infectious disease virus associated hemophagocytic syndrome

chondroid lipoma cutaneous fibrous histiocytoma follicular dendritic cell tumor lichen planus

pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma oral lichen planus anaplastic large cell lymphoma congenital granular cell tumor

16 diseases from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for CD68:

Histiocytosis Cancer Cutaneous fibrous histiocytoma Granular cell tumor

Verruciform xanthoma of skin Rheumatoid arthritis Atherosclerosis Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis

Kidney disease Synovitis Skin disease Encephalitis

Osteoarthritis Lung disease Rhinoscleroma Hypersensitivity reaction type II disease

10/19 Novoseek disease relationships for CD68 gene (see all 19) About this table

Disease	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
granular cell tumor	70.8	3	8878020 (1), 18581283 (1), 15214825 (1)
hemangioma	38	1	11737304 (1)
lymphoma large cell	37	2	1647137 (1), 8698322 (1)
malignant fibrous histiocytoma	33.8	1	1676879 (1)
osteoarthritis	32.2	2	16888915 (1), 8912515 (1)
hodgkin disease	29.9	1	1320954 (1)
lymphoma	29.2	1	19382036 (1)
atherosclerotic plaque	27.4	1	9395269 (1)
tumors	26.8	17	8094017 (2), 16888915 (2), 7628841 (1), 18302511 (1) (see all 13)
synovitis	25.4	1	7628850 (1)

Export disorders for CD68 gene to outside databases

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Entrez Gene, ²UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ³HGNC, ⁴GAD, ⁵PharmGKB, ⁶HMDB, ⁷DrugBank, ⁸UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁹ Novoseek, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
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PubMed articles for CD68 gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 172):
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with CD68)

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The linked human elongation initiation factor 4A1 (EIF4A1) and CD68 genes map to chromosome 17p13. (PubMed id 9790779)^{1, 2, 3} Jones E.... Greaves D.R. (1998)
Elucidation of N-glycosylation sites on human platelet proteins: a glycoproteomic approach. (PubMed id 16263699)^{1, 2} Lewandrowski U.... Sickmann A. (2006)
The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)^{1, 2} Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
Molecular cloning of CD68, a human macrophage marker related to lysosomal glycoproteins. (PubMed id 7680921)^{1, 2} Holness C.L. and Simmons D.L. (1993)
[The 'classical' macrophage marker CD68 is strongly expressed in primary human fibroblasts] (PubMed id 16888915)^{1, 9} Kunz-Schughart L.A....Kreutz M. (2003)
Multiple Ets factors and interferon regulatory factor-4 modulate CD68 expression in a cell type-specific manner. (PubMed id 12676954)^{1, 9} O'Reilly D....Greaves D.R. (2003)
Granular cell tumor: immunohistochemical assessment of inhibin-alpha, protein gene product 9.5, S100 protein, CD68, and Ki-67 proliferative index with clinical correlation. (PubMed id 15214825)^{1, 9} Le B.H....Kapadia S.B. (2004)
Macrophage/histiocytic antigen CD68 expression in neoplastic and reactive lymph nodes. (PubMed id 15638380)^{1, 9} Mazur G....Kuliczkowski K. (2004)
Tumor-associated macrophages predict inferior outcomes in classic Hodgkin lymphoma: a correlative study from the E2496 Intergroup tria l. (PubMed id 22948049)¹ Tan K.L....Gascoyne R.D. (2012)
CD163 versus CD68 in tumor associated macrophages of c lassical Hodgkin lymphoma. (PubMed id 22289504)¹ Harris J.A....Ibrahim S. (2012)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
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(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
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Entrez Gene: 968	HGNC: 1693	AceView: CD68	Ensembl:ENSG00000129226	euGenes: HUgn968
ECgene: CD68	Kegg: 968	H-InvDB: CD68

(According to HUGE)
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(According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
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Name	Description
PharmGKB entry for CD68	Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
ATLAS Chromosomes in Cancer entry for CD68	Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology

Intellectual Property for CD68 gene
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Patent Information for CD68 gene:
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