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CD44 Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 72

GC11P035116

CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)
(Previous name: CD44 antigen (homing function and Indian blood group system) )
Symbol approved by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) database
(Previous symbols: MIC4, MDU2, MDU3)

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc , and/or ⁷Ensembl, ⁸miRBase)
About This Section

Aliases
CD44R ^¹
CDW44 ^²
CDw44 ^³
CSPG8 ^¹, ²
ECMR-III ^², ³
Epican ^³
HCELL ^¹, ²
HUTCH-I ^³
IN ^¹, ²
LHR ^², ³
MC56 ^¹, ²
MDU2 ^², ³, ⁵
MDU3 ^², ³, ⁵
MGC10468 ^²
MIC4 ^², ³, ⁵
MUTCH-I ^²
PGP-1 ^³
PGP-I ^³
Pgp1 ^¹, ²

Descriptions
CD44 antigen ^², ³
CD44 antigen (homing function and Indian blood group system) ^¹, ²
CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) ^²
CDW44 antigen ^²
Extracellular matrix receptor III ^³
GP90 lymphocyte homing/adhesion receptor ^², ³
Heparan sulfate proteoglycan ^², ³
Hermes antigen ^², ³
Hyaluronate receptor ^², ³
Phagocytic glycoprotein I ^², ³
antigen gp90 homing receptor ^²
cell adhesion molecule ^²
cell surface glycoprotein CD44 ^²
chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 8 ^²
extracellular matrix receptor-III ^²
hematopoietic cell E- and L-selectin ligand ^²
homing function and Indian blood group system ^²

External Ids
HGNC: 1681¹
Entrez Gene: 960²
UniProtKB: P16070³
Ensembl: ENSG00000026508⁷

Search outside databases for aliases for CD44 gene

Previous GC identifers: GC11P036713 GC11P035838 GC11P035199 GC11P035124 GC11P035125

(According to Entrez Gene, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

EntrezGene summary for CD44:

The protein encoded by this gene is a cell-surface glycoprotein involved in cell-cell interactions,

cell adhesion and migration. It is a receptor for hyaluronic acid (HA) and can also interact with

other ligands, such as osteopontin, collagens, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). This protein

participates in a wide variety of cellular functions including lymphocyte activation,

recirculation and homing, hematopoiesis, and tumor metastasis. Transcripts for this gene undergo

complex alternative splicing that results in many functionally distinct isoforms, however, the

full length nature of some of these variants has not been determined. Alternative splicing is the

basis for the structural and functional diversity of this protein, and may be related to tumor

metastasis. [provided by RefSeq]

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: CD44_HUMAN, P16070

Function: Receptor for hyaluronic acid (HA). Mediates cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions

through its affinity for HA, and possibly also through its affinity for other ligands such as

osteopontin, collagens, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Adhesion with HA plays an important

role in cell migration, tumor growth and progression. Also involved in lymphocyte activation,

recirculation and homing, and in hematopoiesis. Altered expression or dysfunction causes numerous

pathogenic phenotypes. Great protein heterogeneity due to numerous alternative splicing and

post-translational modification events

Gene Wiki entry for CD44

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 36),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC and Ensembl, Transcription factor binding sites according to SABiosciences)
About This Section

Genomic View:

UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Transcription factor binding sites upstream to the CD44 gene

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 11p13 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 11p13 HGNC cytogenetic band: 11p13

CD44 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)

GeneLoc gene densities for chromosome 11 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC11P035116: (about GC identifiers)

Start:	35,116,993 bp from pter
End:	35,210,525 bp from pter
Size:	93,533 bases
Orientation:	plus strand

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000011.8 NT_009237.17

(According to ¹UniProtKB, and/or Ensembl, Phosphorylation sites according to ²Phosphosite, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from Invitrogen, Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Enzo Life Sciences, Abnova, OriGene and/or, Abcam,
Biochemical Assays by Invitrogen, Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, and/or Enzo Life Sciences, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by Invitrogen, Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, Abcam, Abnova, and/or Novus Biologicals)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: CD44_HUMAN, P16070 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: CD44 antigen precursor

Size: 742 amino acids; 81554 Da

Subunit: Interacts with HA, as well as other glycosaminoglycans, collagen, laminin, and fibronectin

via its N-terminal segment. Interacts with ANK, the ERM proteins (VIL2, RDX and MSN), and NF2 via

its C-terminal segment

Subcellular location: Membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein

PDB structures from and Proteopedia :

1POZ (3D)

1UUH (3D)

2I83 (3D)

Secondary accessions: A5YRN9 P22511 Q04858 Q13419 Q13957 Q13958 Q13959 Q13960 Q13961 Q13967 Q13968

Q13980 Q15861 Q16064 Q16065 Q16066 Q16208 Q16522 Q86T72 Q86Z27 Q8N694 Q92493 Q96J24 Q9H5A5 Q9UC28

Q9UC29 Q9UC30 Q9UJ36

Alternative splicing: 17 isoforms: P16070-1 P16070-2 P16070-3 P16070-4 P16070-5 P16070-6 P16070-7 P16070-8

P16070-9 P16070-10 P16070-11 P16070-12 P16070-13 P16070-14 P16070-15 P16070-16

P16070-17 (Additional isoforms seem to exist. Additional isoforms are produced by alternative splicing of 10 out of 19 exons within the extracellular domain. Additional diversity is generated through the utilization of internal splice donor and acceptor sites within 2 of the exons. A variation in the cytoplasmic domain was shown to result from the alternative splicing of 2 exons. Isoform CD44 is expected to be expressed in normal cells. Splice variants have been found in many tumor cell lines. Exons 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14 and 19 are alternatively spliced. Experimental confirmation may be lacking for some isoforms)

Post-translational modifications:

Proteolytically cleaved in the extracellular matrix by specific proteinases (possibly MMPs) in

several cell lines and tumors¹

N-glycosylated¹

O-glycosylated; contains more-or-less-sulfated chondroitin sulfate glycans, whose number may affect

the accessibility of specific proteinases to their cleavage site(s)¹

Phosphorylated; activation of PKC results in the dephosphorylation of Ser-706 (constitutive

phosphorylation site), and the phosphorylation of Ser-672¹

View phosphorylation sites using PhosphoSite²

REFSEQ proteins (5 alternative transcripts):

NP_000601.3 NP_001001389.1 NP_001001390.1 NP_001001391.1 NP_001001392.1

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000353280 ENSP00000278386 ENSP00000278385 ENSP00000279452 ENSP00000309732 ENSP00000263398

Human Recombinant Proteins

	Browse Drug Discovery Central at Invitrogen for human recombinant proteins
	Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at Millipore
	Browse Human Recombinant Proteins at Sigma-Aldrich
	R&D Systems Recombinant & Natural Proteins for CD44
	Browse recombinant and purified proteins available from Enzo Life Sciences
	Recombinant Proteins from Abcam (CD44v7 + CD44v8, CD44v3, CD44, CD3 + CD44, CD44v4, CD44(v3-v10), CD44v6, CD44v5, CD44v10, CD44v7)
	Human Recombinant Proteins from Abnova (CD44)

Browse Origene for full length recombinant human proteins expressed in human HEK293 cells

5/7 Gene Ontology (GO) cellular component terms (links to tree view) (see all 7 ):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005737	cytoplasm	IDA	18029348
GO:0005794	Golgi apparatus	IDA	18029348
GO:0005886	plasma membrane	IDA	18029348
GO:0005887	integral to plasma membrane	NAS	1991450
GO:0005925	focal adhesion	IDA	18029348

About this table

Antibodies for CD44:

	Invitrogen Antibodies for CD44
	Millipore Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies for the study of CD44
	Sigma-Aldrich Antibodies for CD44
	R&D Systems Antibodies for CD44
	Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Antibodies for CD44
	Antibodies from Abcam (CD44v7 + CD44v8, CD44v3, CD44, CD3 + CD44, CD44v4, CD44(v3-v10), CD44v6, CD44v5, CD44v10, CD44v7), each with their Abpromise^SM
	Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies from Abnova (CD44)
	Novus Biologicals Antibodies for CD44

Assays for CD44:

	Browse Invitrogen for biochemical assays
	Browse Kits and Assays available from Millipore
	Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
	Browse biochemical assays available from Enzo Life Sciences

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P16070

ProtoNet protein and cluster: P16070

2 Blocks protein families:

IPB000538 Link domain

IPB001231 CD44 antigen precursor signature

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: CD44_HUMAN, P16070

Similarity: Contains 1 Link domain

(According to MGI Jun 06 2009, UniProtKB, IUBMB,and/or Genatlas,
shRNA from OriGene, Sigma-Aldrich, RNAi from Sigma-Aldrich,
RNAi Products, Clones, and Q-PCR Products from Invitrogen, Millipore, OriGene, and/or Abnova, siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, SYBR primers from OriGene, Cell-based Assays from Millipore, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Inhib. RNA:		Invitrogen RNAi Products for gene knock-down (CD44)
		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
		Abnova Chimera RNAi Products for Gene knock-down (CD44)

OriGene 29mer shRNA kit in GFP-retroviral vectors (see all 5): NM_000610

Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs for CD44

Sigma-Aldrich siRNA for CD44

Sigma-Aldrich shRNA Panels and shRNA for CD44

Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs

Clones:		Invitrogen Clones for CD44
		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from Millipore

OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 5): NM_000610
Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 5): NM_000610
untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 6): NM_000610

Primers:

Browse Quantitative PCR Central at Invitrogen for Q-PCR LUX™ Primers

OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs: NM_000610

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: CD44_HUMAN, P16070

Function: Receptor for hyaluronic acid (HA). Mediates cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions

through its affinity for HA, and possibly also through its affinity for other ligands such as

osteopontin, collagens, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Adhesion with HA plays an important

role in cell migration, tumor growth and progression. Also involved in lymphocyte activation,

recirculation and homing, and in hematopoiesis. Altered expression or dysfunction causes numerous

pathogenic phenotypes. Great protein heterogeneity due to numerous alternative splicing and

post-translational modification events

Genatlas biochemistry entry for CD44:

cell differentiation antigen CD44 (Pgp-1),80-95kDa,identified by antibodies GRHL1,F10-44-2

(including MDU2,MDU3,MIC4 identified by monoclonal antibodies A1G3,13D8,F10.44),lymphocyte homing

receptor,involved in extracellular matrix adhesion and in myeloid differentiation,expressed in

small lymphocytic and mantle cell lymphoma,on leukemic blasts from most AML patients,and in

invasive basal cell carcinomas

7 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 6 alleles) (MGI details for Cd44):

cellular	digestive/alimentary	growth/size	hematopoietic system	immune system
muscle	normal

3 Gene Ontology (GO) molecular function terms (links to tree view):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0004872	receptor activity	IEA	--
GO:0005518	collagen binding	NAS	2471973
GO:0005540	hyaluronic acid binding	NAS	1991450

About this table

(Pathways according to Invitrogen (maps by GeneGo), Millipore, Cell Signaling Technology, Sigma-Aldrich, KEGG and/or UniProtKB,
Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Proteins Network according to SABiosciences, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, and/or ³STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

2 Sigma-Aldrich "Your Favorite Gene" Pathways for CD44 (Your Favorite Gene powered by Ingenuity)

Leukocyte Extravasation Signaling
Wnt/&beta

GeneDecks CD44 for the pathways selected above

About GeneDecksing

Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for CD44

5/235 Interacting proteins for CD44 (P16070¹ ENSP00000278385³) via UniProtKB, MINT, and/or STRING (see all 235 )

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
ipaB ipaB (xeno)	P18011¹	EBI-490245, EBI-490239
FN1	ENSP00000323534³	STRING (score=.997)
EZR	ENSP00000356041³	STRING (score=.995)
ERBB2	ENSP00000269571³	STRING (score=.993)
IL2	ENSP00000226730³	STRING (score=.99)

About this table

2 Gene Ontology (GO) biological process terms (links to tree view):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0007160	cell-matrix adhesion	NAS	1922057
GO:0016337	cell-cell adhesion	NAS	1922057

About this table

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, Sigma-Aldrich, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Novoseek and Drugs according to Enzo Life Sciences and/or PharmGKB)
About This Section

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Browse Small Molecules at Sigma-Aldrich

Browse Tocris compounds for CD44
10/44 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for CD44 gene (see all 44 )

Compound	Score	Articles	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
glycosaminoglycan	71.52	35	9298694 (3), 7504022 (1), 7515731 (1), 9058710 (1) (see all 28)
chondroitin sulfate	60.47	66	10950950 (6), 9891023 (4), 8546427 (2), 8752662 (2) (see all 25)
matrigel	51.04	9	1906507 (2), 7518347 (2), 9815853 (1), 9816340 (1) (see all 6)
heparan sulfate	48.28	45	7532176 (7), 9891023 (4), 10950950 (2), 10583162 (2) (see all 15)
slex	31.71	4	9430509 (2), 8547121 (1), 8838015 (1)
chondroitin	30.86	10	10950950 (3), 9334256 (1), 11821431 (1), 10222064 (1) (see all 6)
keratan sulfate	26.59	3	9037387 (1), 10950950 (1), 8546427 (1)
tyrosine	24.19	35	12183053 (4), 10037743 (3), 17045821 (2), 15706435 (1) (see all 22)
rantes	21.92	17	15355933 (6), 12714503 (5), 14637022 (2), 18070985 (1)
sodium chlorate	18.91	1	11821431 (1)

About this table

(GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 219 Homo sapiens; Jun 2 2009) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView,
non coding RNAs according to RNAdb,
ESTs according to GeneTide,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from Invitrogen, Millipore, and/or Abnova,
siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, Sigma-Aldrich,
shRNA from Sigma-Aldrich, OriGene,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene,
Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems)
About This Section

Inhib. RNA:		Invitrogen RNAi Products for gene knock-down (CD44)
		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
		Abnova Chimera RNAi Products for Gene knock-down (CD44)

OriGene 29mer shRNA kit in GFP-retroviral vectors (see all 5): NM_000610

Sigma-Aldrich siRNA for CD44

Sigma-Aldrich shRNA Panels and shRNA for CD44

Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs

Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs:

NM_000610 NM_001001389 NM_001001390 NM_001001391 NM_001001392

REFSEQ mRNAs for CD44 gene (5 alternative transcripts):

NM_000610.3 NM_001001389.1 NM_001001390.1 NM_001001391.1 NM_001001392.1

Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays:

NM_000610 NM_001001389 NM_001001390 NM_001001391 NM_001001392

               OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 5): NM_000610
                                 Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 5): NM_000610
                                 untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 6): NM_000610

Additional cDNA sequence:

AB073901.1 AF098641.1 AJ251595.1 AK127622.1 AK129808.1 AK290424.1 AK297776.1 AK304467.1

AK307707.1 AL832642.2 AY101192.1 AY101193.1 BC004372.1 BC052287.1 BC067348.1 CR596847.1

CR611618.1 CR621045.1 CR623874.1 D28447.1 EF581837.1 FJ216964.1 M24915.1 M25078.1

M59040.1 M83324.1 M83325.1 M83326.1 M83327.1 M83328.1 S66400.1 S82326.1

U40373.1 U94902.1 U94903.1 X55150.1 X55938.1 X56794.1 X62739.1 X66733.1

24/53 DOTS entries (see all 53 ):

DT.100684183 DT.97864832 DT.91789386 DT.95300618 DT.100684179 DT.95300704 DT.92461255 DT.100684175

DT.450200 DT.100684181 DT.87016134 DT.95300655 DT.100735366 DT.120740562 DT.120740539 DT.100664096

DT.40113924 DT.100684170 DT.75143398 DT.40129290 DT.75100374 DT.86843055 DT.95300681 DT.120740557

24/1216 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 1216 ):

BQ004566 BQ222430 CB156049 AA904057 AA236584 AA917471 CR611618 BM552398

CB135807 BQ221441 BM280313 CB124471 BM993999 BG054894 AA136238 BI871044

BP363182 BQ962000 H99482 BM758429 BM704452 BM975216 AI369195 BM904914

highest scoring ESTs for CD44:

AF098641 AA054563 AA054623 AA063536 AA070724 AA090358 AA121724 AA121804 AA130154 AA135405

Unigene Cluster for CD44:

CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)

Hs.502328 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_000610

GeneLoc Exon Structure

5/33 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for CD44 (see all 33 )

ExUns:	1a	·	1b	·	1c	·	1d	·	1e	·	1f	^	2a	·	2b	·	2c	^	3a	·	3b	^	4a	·	4b	·	4c	·	4d	^	5	^	6a	·	6b	·	6c	^	7a	·	7b	^	8a	·	8b	^	9	^	10	^	11a	·
SP1:																																													-				-		-
SP2:																																													-		-		-		-
SP3:																																													-		-		-		-
SP4:																																													-		-		-		-
SP5:																																													-		-		-		-

ExUns:	11b	·	11c	·	11d	^	12	^	13	^	14a	·	14b	·	14c	·	14d	·	14e	^	15a	·	15b	·	15c	^	16a	·	16b	^	17a	·	17b	^	18	^	19a	·	19b	^	20a	·	20b	^	21	^	22a	·	22b	^	23a	·
SP1:	-				-		-				-														-		-		-																		-
SP2:	-				-		-				-														-		-		-																		-
SP3:	-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-														-
SP4:	-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
SP5:	-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-

ExUns:	23b	^	24a	·	24b	·	24c	·	24d	^	25	^	26a	·	26b	·	26c
SP1:											-
SP2:											-
SP3:											-
SP4:											-
SP5:

About this scheme

ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for CD44

6 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations:

ENST00000360158 ENST00000278386 ENST00000278385 ENST00000279452 ENST00000352818 ENST00000263398

(Experimental results according to ¹GeneNote and GNF BioGPS,
probe sets-to-genes annotations according to ²GeneAnnot , ³GeneTide , Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Electronic Northern calculations according to data from UniGene (Build 219 Homo sapiens), SAGE tags according to CGAP, plus additional links to SOURCE, and/or GNF BioGPS, and/or EXPOLDB, and/or UniProtKB,
Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems )
About This Section

CD44 expression in normal and diseased human tissues

Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays for CD44

¹ / ² / ³

28 probe-sets matching CD44 gene

Affymetrix probe-set	Array	# genes	Sensitivity	Specificity	Correlation	Length	Gb_Accession	Consensus	Uniqueness	Score	Rank
Affymetrix probe-set	Array	GeneAnnot data			GeneNote data		GeneTide data
1125_s_at²^{, 3}	U95-A	1	1.00	1.00	0.85	1.04	L05424	0.20	1.00	0.72	1
31472_s_at²^{, 3}	U95-A	1	1.00	1.00	0.98	1.19	AF098641	1.00	1.00	1.00	1
1126_s_at²^{, 3}	U95-A	1	1.00	1.00	0.96	1.26	L05424	0.20	1.00	0.72	1
49670_at²^{, 3}	U95-B	1	1.00	1.00	0.12	0.37	W96225	0.60	1.00	0.82	1
40493_at²^{, 3}	U95-A	2	1.00	0.97	0.93	1.55	L05424	0.20	1.00	0.72	1
2036_s_at²^{, 3}	U95-A	2	1.00	0.97	0.98	1.37	M59040	0.80	1.00	0.91	1
31616_r_at*²^{, 3}	U95-A	1	1.00	1.00	0.90	0.55	U94902	0.60	1.00	0.82	1
31615_i_at*²^{, 3}	U95-A	1	1.00	1.00	0.86	0.82	U94902	0.60	1.00	0.82	1
212014_x_at²^{, 3}	U133-A	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	AI493245	0.80	1.00	0.91	1
212063_at²^{, 3}	U133-A	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	BE903880	0.20	1.00	0.72	1
209835_x_at²^{, 3}	U133-A	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	BC004372	0.80	1.00	0.91	1
217523_at²^{, 3}	U133-A	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	AV700298	0.20	1.00	0.72	1
210916_s_at²^{, 3}	U133-A	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	AF098641	1.00	1.00	1.00	1
204490_s_at²^{, 3}	U133-A	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	M24915	0.80	1.00	0.91	1
204489_s_at²^{, 3}	U133-A	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	NM_000610	0.60	1.00	0.82	1
234411_x_at*²^{, 3}	U133-B	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	U94903	0.40	1.00	0.76	1
216056_at*²^{, 3}	U133-A	1	0.46	1.00	--	--	AW851559	0.40	1.00	0.76	1
212014_x_at²	U133Plus2	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
1565868_at²	U133Plus2	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
212063_at²	U133Plus2	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
209835_x_at²	U133Plus2	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
217523_at²	U133Plus2	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
1557905_s_at²	U133Plus2	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
210916_s_at²	U133Plus2	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
204490_s_at²	U133Plus2	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
204489_s_at²	U133Plus2	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
234411_x_at*²	U133Plus2	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
216056_at*²	U133Plus2	1	0.46	1.00	--	--	--	--	--	--	--

GeneDecks CD44 for binary patterns associated with the probe-sets selected above

About GeneDecksing

About this table

Data from

(Publications) and GNF BioGPS
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About these images

CGAP SAGE TAG: AAGATTGGGG

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.502328
Expression variation in blood from EXPOLDB for CD44
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: CD44_HUMAN, P16070
Tissue specificity: An epithelial isoform (CD44E) is expressed by cells of epithelium and highly
expressed by carcinomas. An hematopoietic isoform (CD44H) is expressed by cells of mesodermal
origin. Expression is repressed in neuroblastoma cells

(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD and/or ⁵MGI Jun 06 2009, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, Gene Trees according to Ensembl)
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Orthologs for CD44 gene from 5/7 species (see all 7 )

Organism	Gene	Locus	Description	Human Similarity	NCBI accessions
dog (Canis familiaris)	CD44¹	--	CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)	86.6(n) 86.6(a)	403939 XM_851912.1 XP_857005.1
chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)	CD44¹	--	CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)	99.1(n) 98.52(a)	451122 XM_001152601.1 XP_001152601.1
rat (Rattus norvegicus)	Cd44¹	--	Cd44 molecule	80.39(n) 72.01(a)	25406 NM_012924.2 NP_037056.2
mouse (Mus musculus)	Cd44^{1, 5}	2 (56.00 cM)⁵	CD44 antigen^{1, 5}	79.44(n)¹ 71.47(a)¹	12505¹ NM_009851.2¹ NP_033981.2¹ AI594062⁵ AJ251594⁵ (see all 41)
chicken (Gallus gallus)	CD44¹	--	CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)	55.97(n) 48.11(a)	395666 XM_001232424.1 XP_001232425.1

About this table Species with no ortholog for CD44

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for CD44

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene
and ²Ensembl, Pseudogenes according to ³Pseudogene.org)
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Paralogs for CD44 gene

LYVE1²

(According to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, and UniProtKB, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Genotyping Reagents from Applied Biosystems)
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UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: CD44_HUMAN, P16070

Polymorphism: CD44 is responsible for the Indian blood group system. The molecular basis of the

In(A)=In1/In(B)=In2 blood group antigens is a single variation in position 46; In(B), the most

frequent allele, has Arg-46

10/1597 NCBI SNPs in CD44 are shown (see all 1597 )
(Click for Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Genotyping Assay) (see all 268)

AB	SNP ID	Valid	Chr 11 pos	Sequence	Recs	AA Chg	Type	More	Recs	Pop	Total sample	More
AB	Genomic Data				Transcription Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--			--
	rs1467558^1,2	C,F,H,O	35186249(-)	`GCGTTG/ATACTA`	5	T/I	mis¹ int¹		21	NS MN EU EA WA NA	1587
	rs4755392^1,2	A,C,F,H	35210662(+)	`TTTTTT/AAAAAA`	5	--	ng3¹		4	EU EA WA	366
	rs13347^1,2	A,C,F,H	35209848(+)	`CTACAC/TGTCAT`	5	--	ut3¹ ese³		14	MN EU EA WA NA	1428
	rs8193^1,2	C,F,H	35207894(+)	`CATTGC/TTTTCC`	5	--	ut3¹		13	MN EA NA EU WA	2682
	rs2295755^1,2	C,F,H	35207594(-)	`AAAACA/GAAAAG`	5	--	ut3¹		8	EA NA EU WA	2048
	rs9666607^1,2	C,F,H	35182731(+)	`ACCCAA/GAGAAG`	5	K/R	mis¹ int¹		13	EA NA EU WA	1128
	rs11821102^1,2	C,F,H	35209120(+)	`GATCTG/ATAGAA`	5	--	ut3¹ ese³		4	EU EA WA	420
	rs10836347^1,2	C,F,H	35209709(+)	`AGCTTC/TTATTC`	5	--	ut3¹ ese³		11	EU EA WA NA	980
	rs11607491^1,2	C,H	35182659(+)	`TACAAC/TGGAAG`	5	T/M	mis¹ int¹ ese³		5	EU EA WA NA	494
	rs12575005^1,2	F,H	35210899(+)	`ccagaC/Tggaat`	5	--	ng3¹		4	EU EA WA	418

About this table

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium images for CD44 (up to first 250kb)

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to OMIM, UniProtKB, Novoseek, PharmGKB, Genatlas, GeneTests, Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, HGMD, GAD, HuGE Navigator, BCGD, and/or TGDB.)
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OMIM: 107269

10/94 Novoseek disease relationships for CD44 gene (see all 94 )

Disease	Score	Articles	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
metastasis	78.33	517	11005492 (8), 9772282 (5), 11582589 (5), 17912438 (4) (see all 99)
tumors	73.28	1029	17912438 (8), 10200702 (8), 8579108 (7), 11839564 (7) (see all 99)
carcinoma	64.66	214	8567994 (5), 12534600 (4), 9826464 (4), 10547541 (3) (see all 99)
cancer	59.63	275	11832714 (6), 11313172 (4), 9090502 (3), 7518345 (3) (see all 99)
primary tumor	55.96	32	14666731 (3), 8682582 (2), 17006832 (2), 12854146 (2) (see all 25)
aggressiveness	53.66	31	7576964 (3), 10846530 (3), 10355528 (2), 11213839 (1) (see all 20)
adenocarcinoma	53.37	93	7537174 (5), 8599448 (4), 15717748 (4), 8608952 (3) (see all 57)
colorectal carcinoma	53.15	60	12782013 (4), 7504563 (3), 9754757 (3), 11911305 (3) (see all 30)
colon carcinoma	52.60	54	18234849 (4), 8678563 (4), 11431370 (3), 8858111 (3) (see all 28)
carcinoma squamous cell	49.75	67	17679465 (4), 9725567 (3), 8599448 (2), 10502422 (2) (see all 42)

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1 PharmGKB disease relationship for CD44 gene

Disease	PharmGKB Relations	PubMed IDs for articles supporting these relationships
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Acute, L1	FA GN	12086872 12730115

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Blood Group Antigen Gene Mutation Database (BGMUT) Indian blood group system

Human Gene Mutation Database: CD44
Genetic Association Database: CD44
Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator: CD44 (8 documents)

(Possibly Related Articles in Doctor's Guide)
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Artificial Neural Networks Can Predict Clinical Outcomes of Neuroblastoma Patients

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Novoseek, ²HGNC, ³Entrez Gene, ⁴UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁵UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁶GAD, and/or ⁷PharmGKB)
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10/1697 PubMed articles for CD44 gene (see all 1697 ):

Novel variants of CD44 arising from alternative splicing: changes in the CD44 alternative splicing pattern of MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells treated with hyaluronidase. (PubMed id 8352881)^{1, 3, 4} Tanabe K.K.... Saya H. (1993)
Expression of CD44 is repressed in neuroblastoma cells. (PubMed id 1922057)^{1, 3, 4} Shtivelman E. and Bishop J.M. (1991)
Hyaluronan-dependent cell migration can be blocked by a CD44 cytoplasmic domain peptide containing a phosphoserine at position 325. (PubMed id 9580567)^{1, 3, 4} Peck D. and Isacke C.M. (1998)
CD44 splice variants confer metastatic behavior in rats: homologous sequences are expressed in human tumor cell lines. (PubMed id 1717145)^{1, 3, 4} Hofmann M....Guenthert U. (1991)
Ligand-induced structural changes of the CD44 hyaluronan-binding domain revealed by NMR. (PubMed id 17085435)^{3, 4} Takeda M.... Shimada I. (2006)
Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. (PubMed id 17081983)^{3, 4} Olsen J.V....Mann M. (2006)
Human plasma N-glycoproteome analysis by immunoaffinity subtraction, hydrazide chemistry, and mass spectrometry. (PubMed id 16335952)^{3, 4} Liu T.... Smith R.D. (2005)
Structure of the regulatory hyaluronan binding domain in the inflammatory leukocyte homing receptor CD44. (PubMed id 14992719)^{3, 4} Teriete P.... Jackson D.G. (2004)
The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)^{3, 4} Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
CD44: from adhesion molecules to signalling regulators. (PubMed id 12511867)^{3, 4} Ponta H.... Herrlich P.A. (2003)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
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		AND	OR
Aliases
Free Text

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(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, and/or H-InvDB)
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Entrez Gene: 960	HGNC: 1681	AceView: CD44	Ensembl:ENSG00000026508	euGenes: HUgn960
ECgene: CD44	H-InvDB: CD44

(According to HUGE)
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(According to ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, MTDB, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
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Name	Description
ATLAS Chromosomes in Cancer entry for CD44	Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
dbRBC/BGMUT	http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gv/mhc/xslcgi.cgi?cmd=bgmut/systems_info&system=indian
Wikipedia	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD44

Licensable Technologies for CD44
(Available from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts)

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(Reagents available from Applied Biosystems, Antibodies and assays by Cell Signaling Technology, Abcam, Novus Biologicals,
Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Millipore, Abnova, and/or Invitrogen, Clones available from OriGene,and/or Invitrogen, Drugs and/or compounds by Sigma-Aldrich,
Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Tocris Bioscience)
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Products for CD44:

TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays

TaqMan ® Genotyping Assays

Free SNP selection tool

Invitrogen iPath Pathways	Invitrogen BLOCK-iT™ RNAi
Invitrogen Antibodies	Invitrogen Assays
Invitrogen Clones	Invitrogen Q-PCR Products
Invitrogen Human Recombinant Kinases	Invitrogen Custom Antibody and Peptide Service
Invitrogen Proteins / Assays / Screening Services	Search Invitrogen catalog for CD44-related products

	Millipore Custom Antibody & Bulk Services
	Millipore Preclinical / Clinical Development Services
	Millipore Immunoassay Services
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	Predesigned and custom siRNAs for CD44		Antibodies for CD44
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	Lentivirus-delivered shRNAs for CD44		Browse small molecules at Sigma-Aldrich
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Antibodies & Assays for CD44

	Recombinant Proteins (CD44v7 + CD44v8, CD44v3, CD44, CD3 + CD44, CD44v4, CD44(v3-v10), CD44v6, CD44v5, CD44v10, CD44v7)
	Antibodies (CD44v7 + CD44v8, CD44v3, CD44, CD3 + CD44, CD44v4, CD44(v3-v10), CD44v6, CD44v5, CD44v10, CD44v7)

Search OriGene for CD44

Search Tocris compounds for CD44

Search www.enzolifesicences.com for proteins, assays, substrates, inhibitors & antibodies

Antibodies for CD44

GeneCards Homepage - Last full update: 2 Jul 2009 Incremental update: 13 Oct 2009

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Gene Index: 3 5 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

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CD44 Gene at Home site.
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CD44 Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 72

Aliases &
Descriptions
for CD44

Summaries
for CD44

Genomic Location
for CD44

Proteins
for CD44

Protein Domains/
Families
for CD44

Gene Function
for CD44

Pathways & Interactions
for CD44

Drugs & Compounds
for CD44

Transcripts
for CD44

Expression
for CD44

Orthologs
for CD44

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for CD44

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for CD44

Disorders & Mutations
for CD44

Medical News
for CD44

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for CD44

Search for CD44

Genome Databases showing CD44

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Gene Index: 3 5 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

CD44 (Gene Symbol)
CD44R
CDW44
CDw44
CSPG8
ECMR-III
Epican
HCELL
HUTCH-I
IN
LHR
MC56
MDU2
MDU3
MGC10468
MIC4
MUTCH-I
PGP-1
PGP-I
Pgp1
CD44 antigen
CD44 antigen (homing function and Indian blood group system)
CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)
CDW44 antigen
Extracellular matrix receptor III
GP90 lymphocyte homing/adhesion receptor
Heparan sulfate proteoglycan
Hermes antigen
Hyaluronate receptor
Phagocytic glycoprotein I
antigen gp90 homing receptor
cell adhesion molecule
cell surface glycoprotein CD44
chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 8
extracellular matrix receptor-III
hematopoietic cell E- and L-selectin ligand
homing function and Indian blood group system

CD44 Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 72

Aliases & Descriptionsfor CD44

Summariesfor CD44

Genomic Locationfor CD44

Proteinsfor CD44

Protein Domains/Familiesfor CD44

Gene Functionfor CD44

Pathways & Interactionsfor CD44

Drugs & Compoundsfor CD44

Transcriptsfor CD44

Expression for CD44

Orthologsfor CD44

Paralogsfor CD44

SNPs/Variantsfor CD44

Disorders & Mutationsfor CD44

Medical Newsfor CD44

Publicationsfor CD44

Search for CD44

Genome Databases showing CD44

Other Databases showing CD44

Specialized Databases showing CD44

Licensable Technologiesfor CD44

Servicesfor CD44

Gene Index: 3 5 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Aliases &
Descriptions
for CD44

Summaries
for CD44

Genomic Location
for CD44

Proteins
for CD44

Protein Domains/
Families
for CD44

Gene Function
for CD44

Pathways & Interactions
for CD44

Drugs & Compounds
for CD44

Transcripts
for CD44

Expression
for CD44

Orthologs
for CD44

Paralogs
for CD44

SNPs/Variants
for CD44

Disorders & Mutations
for CD44

Medical News
for CD44

Publications
for CD44

Licensable Technologies
for CD44

Services
for CD44