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Category Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21

GIFtS
-

CD28 Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 64
GCID: GC02P204535

CD28 molecule

(Previous name: CD28 antigen (Tp44) )

Explore 104 diseases affiliated with
CD28 via

MalaCards

our new
Human Malady Compendium

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
CD28 Molecule¹ ²
CD28 Antigen² ³
CD28 Antigen (Tp44)¹
Tp44²
T-Cell-Specific Surface Glycoprotein CD28²
TP44³

External Ids:	HGNC: 1653¹	Entrez Gene: 940²	Ensembl: ENSG00000178562⁷	OMIM: 186760⁵	UniProtKB: P10747³

Export aliases for CD28 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC02P202788 GC02P203295 GC02P204773 GC02P204396 GC02P204279 GC02P196418

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for CD28:

The protein encoded by this gene is essential for T-cell proliferation and survival, cytokine production, and T-helper

type-2 development. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for

this gene.(provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: CD28_HUMAN, P10747

Function: Involved in T-cell activation, the induction of cell proliferation and cytokine production and promotion of

T-cell survival

Gene Wiki entry for CD28

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000002.11 NC_018913.1 NT_005403.17

Regulatory elements:

SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the CD28 gene promoter:
AP-2alpha isoform 3 p300 STAT3 Nkx2-5 AP-2alpha isoform 2 AP-2alpha isoform 4 AP-2alpha AP-2alphaA
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: CD28 promoter sequence

Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for CD28

Epigenetics:

QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat CD28

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 2q33 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 2q33.2 HGNC cytogenetic band: 2q33

CD28 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
CD28 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 2 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC02P204535: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	204,571,198 bp from pter	End:	204,602,557 bp from pter
Size:	31,360 bases	Orientation:	plus strand

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to ²PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: CD28_HUMAN, P10747 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 precursor

Size: 220 amino acids; 25066 Da

Subunit: Homodimer; disulfide-linked. Interacts with DUSP14. Binds to CD80/B7-1 and CD86/B7-2/B70

Subcellular location: Membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein

1 PDB 3D structure from and Proteopedia for CD28:

1YJD (3D)

Secondary accessions: A8KAC1 Q13964 Q52M23 Q8NI54 Q8NI55 Q8NI56 Q8WXJ2 Q9BYV0

Alternative splicing: 6 isoforms: P10747-1 P10747-2 P10747-3 P10747-4 P10747-5 P10747-6

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for CD28: NX_P10747

Post-translational modifications:

View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus²

View neXtProt modification sites for NX_P10747

CD28 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb: About this image

REFSEQ proteins (3 alternative transcripts):

NP_001230006.1 NP_001230007.1 NP_006130.1

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000393648 ENSP00000324890 ENSP00000363605 ENSP00000363602

Reactome Protein details: P10747
Human Recombinant Protein Products:

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	GenScript Custom Purified and Recombinant Proteins Services for CD28
	Novus Biologicals CD28 Proteins Novus Biologicals CD28 Lysates
	Sino Biological Recombinant Protein for CD28
	Browse ProSpec Recombinant Proteins
	Uscn Proteins for CD28

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/6 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 6): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005829	cytosol	TAS	--
GO:0005886	plasma membrane	TAS	--
GO:0005887	integral to plasma membrane	TAS	9784967
GO:0009897	external side of plasma membrane	IDA	11390434
GO:0016020	membrane	--	--

CD28 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

CD28 Antibody Products:

	EMD Millipore Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies for the study of CD28
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	GenScript Superior Antibodies for CD28
	Novus Biologicals CD28 Antibodies
	Search for Antibodies for CD28 at Abcam
	Uscn Antibodies for CD28
	ThermoFisher Antibodies for CD28

Assay Products for CD28:

	Browse Kits and Assays available from EMD Millipore
	OriGene Custom Immunoassay Development Browse OriGene Fluorogenic Cell Assay Kits
	R&D Systems Multiplex/Array Assay Kits & Reagents for CD28
	GenScript Custom Assay Services for CD28
	Browse Enzo Life Sciences for kits & assays
	Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for CD28

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

CD28 for domains About GeneDecksing

3 InterPro domains/families:

IPR013783 Ig-like_fold

IPR013106 Ig_V-set

IPR008093 CD28

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P10747

ProtoNet protein and cluster: P10747

1 Blocks protein family: IPB008093 CD28 antigen signature

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: CD28_HUMAN, P10747

Similarity: Contains 1 Ig-like V-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Function Summary:

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: CD28_HUMAN, P10747

Function: Involved in T-cell activation, the induction of cell proliferation and cytokine production and promotion of

T-cell survival

Genatlas biochemistry entry for CD28:

cell differentiation antigen CD28 (Tp44),44kDa,identified by monoclonal antibody 9.3,KOLT2,expressed in T

lymphocyte,CD80,CD86 ligand,stimulating PDE7 for T cell activation,regulated by CBLB

miRNA Products:		OriGene 3'-UTR Clone: CD28 Browse MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat CD28
		8/57 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate CD28 (see all 57):
		hsa-miR-3685 hsa-miR-607 hsa-miR-3194-5p hsa-miR-15a hsa-miR-513a-5p hsa-miR-218-1* hsa-miR-503 hsa-miR-578

		Browse SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmids

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
		OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for CD28 (see all 7) OriGene shRNA RFP: CD28 OriGene siRNA: CD28
		QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat CD28

Gene Editing
Products:

DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for CD28

Clone Products:		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from EMD Millipore
		OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for CD28 (see all 3) OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for CD28 OriGene custom cloning services � gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector: CD28 (NM_006139)
		Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for CD28
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Cell Line Products:		GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for CD28
		Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for CD28

In Situ Assay
Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for CD28

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/6 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 6): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0002020	protease binding	IPI	12777399
GO:0005070	SH3/SH2 adaptor activity	IDA	19641626
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI	11285224
GO:0015026	coreceptor activity	TAS	9784967
GO:0042802	identical protein binding	NAS	3159820

CD28 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

1 GenomeRNAi human phenotype for CD28:

Decreased TP53 protein express

Animal Models:
Mouse knock-outs for CD28: Cd28^tm1Pjl Cd28^tm1Mak Cd28^tm1Shr
10 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 7 alleles) (MGI details for Cd28):

cardiovascular system	cellular	endocrine/exocrine gland	hematopoietic system	homeostasis/metabolism
immune system	nervous system	normal	tumorigenesis	vision/eye

CD28 for phenotypes About GeneDecksing

(Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, ³I2D, and/or ⁴STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
About This Section

Unified GeneCards pathways - 5/35 super-pathways (see all 35) About this table

See pathways by source

Super-pathway

contained gene-specific pathways

Signaling by FGFR

8/12 pathways (see all 12)
Signaling by FGFR	1.00	DAP12 signaling	0.83
Downstream signaling of activated FGFR	0.92	Signaling by EGFR in Cancer	0.83
Signaling by FGFR in disease	0.91	DAP12 interactions	0.76
Signaling by ERBB2	0.89	Signaling by PDGF	0.72

PIP3 activates AKT signaling

8/10 pathways (see all 10)
PI-3K cascade	1.00	PI3K/AKT activation	0.97
PIP3 activates AKT signaling	1.00	GAB1 signalosome	0.96
PI3K/AKT Signaling in Cancer	1.00	Constitutive PI3K/AKT Signaling in Cancer	0.88
PI3K events in ERBB2 signaling	1.00	Signaling by SCF-KIT	0.72

Allograft rejection

Allograft rejection	1.00	THC Differentiation Pathway	0.39
Type I diabetes mellitus	0.67	Intestinal immune network for IgA production	0.38
Graft-versus-host disease	0.63	Viral myocarditis	0.33
Autoimmune thyroid disease	0.60

CD28 co-stimulation

CD28 co-stimulation	1.00	CD28 dependent Vav1 pathway	0.38
CD28 dependent PI3K/Akt signaling	0.66	CTLA4 Signaling	0.15
Costimulation by the CD28 family	0.41

Immune System

	Immune System	1.00			Innate Immune System	0.46
	Adaptive Immune System	0.59

Pathway sources
See GeneCards unified pathways
Show all pathways

5 EMD Millipore Pathways for CD28

	Transcription NF-kB signaling pathway
	Immune response CD28 signaling
	Immune response IL-22 signaling pathway
	Immune response NFAT in immune response
	Immune response ICOS pathway in T-helper cell

2 R&D Systems Pathways for CD28

	Th1 Differentiation
	Th17 Differentiation

5/16 Downloadable PowerPoint Slides of QIAGEN Pathway Central Maps for CD28 (see all 16)

	THC Differentiation Pathway
	STAT3 Pathway
	Nur77 Signaling in T-Cell
	Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer
	TOB in T-Cell Signaling

5 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) Pathways for CD28

	Immune response ICOS pathway in T-helper cell
	Transcription NF-kB signaling pathway
	Immune response IL-22 signaling pathway
	Immune response CD28 signaling
	Immune response NFAT in immune response

5 BioSystems Pathways for CD28

	TCR Signaling Pathway
	Inflammatory Response Pathway
	TCR signaling in naive CD8+ T cells
	TCR signaling in naive CD4+ T cells
	IL12 signaling mediated by STAT4

5/38 Reactome Pathways for CD28 (see all 38)

	CD28 dependent Vav1 pathway
	Costimulation by the CD28 family
	Signaling by EGFR in Cancer
	Downstream signal transduction
	Signal Transduction

5/11 Kegg Pathways (Kegg details for CD28) (see all 11):

	Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)
	T cell receptor signaling pathway
	Intestinal immune network for IgA production
	Type I diabetes mellitus
	Measles

CD28 for pathways About GeneDecksing

Interactions:

SABiosciences Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for CD28

STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 25)

5/32 Interacting proteins for CD28 (P10747^{2, 3} ENSP00000324890⁴) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 32)

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
PIK3R1	P27986²^,³, ENSP00000274335⁴	MINT-8036633 MINT-8036648 MINT-8036674 MINT-8036690 MINT-8036705 MINT-8036765 MINT-8036750 MINT-8036780 I2D: score=4 STRING: ENSP00000274335
GRAP2	O75791²^,³, ENSP00000339186⁴	MINT-8036810 MINT-8036795 I2D: score=4 STRING: ENSP00000339186
GRB2	P62993²^,³, ENSP00000339007⁴	MINT-8036659 I2D: score=4 STRING: ENSP00000339007
NSF	P46459³, ENSP00000381293⁴	I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000381293
CD247	P20963³, ENSP00000354782⁴	I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000354782

About this table

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/20 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 20): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0002863	positive regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus	IEA	--
GO:0006955	immune response	--	--
GO:0006959	humoral immune response	TAS	8717514
GO:0007166	cell surface receptor signaling pathway	TAS	9784967
GO:0016032	viral reproduction	TAS	--

CD28 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
About This Section

CD28 for compounds About GeneDecksing

Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Browse Tocris compounds for CD28
10/32 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for CD28 gene (see all 32) About this table

Compound	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
ctla4-ig	75.5	4	9366442 (1), 7964482 (1), 7515331 (1)
pp 100	66.4	7	12636255 (3), 1372649 (2), 8047842 (1)
phosphatidylinositol	56.4	68	9663390 (6), 8164687 (3), 8921441 (2), 7568022 (2) (see all 32)
tyrosine	54.5	153	10037772 (8), 9494076 (7), 10427998 (7), 7957566 (6) (see all 50)
ionomycin	52.3	10	8946678 (1), 10600000 (1), 7875216 (1), 11298136 (1) (see all 7)
wortmannin	46.1	13	7875216 (3), 7875215 (2), 7577804 (1), 9820515 (1) (see all 8)
cyclosporin a	39.8	16	1348520 (2), 8302298 (1), 8809021 (1), 11093160 (1) (see all 11)
herbimycin a	32.1	3	1318900 (2)
rapamycin	31.1	9	15611240 (3), 19414743 (2), 8302298 (1), 17182569 (1) (see all 6)
ly294002	25.3	2	9337876 (1), 9820515 (1)

Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about CD28

(Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
About This Section

REFSEQ mRNAs for CD28 gene (3 alternative transcripts):

NM_001243077.1 NM_001243078.1 NM_006139.3

Unigene Cluster for CD28:

CD28 molecule

Hs.443123 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_006139

4 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:

ENST00000458610 ENST00000324106 ENST00000374481(uc002vag.1 uc010zio.2 uc010ftx.3 uc002vah.4 uc002vaj.4)

ENST00000374478

miRNA Products:		OriGene 3'-UTR Clone: CD28 Browse OriGene MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat CD28
		8/57 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate CD28 (see all 57):
		hsa-miR-3685 hsa-miR-607 hsa-miR-3194-5p hsa-miR-15a hsa-miR-513a-5p hsa-miR-218-1* hsa-miR-503 hsa-miR-578

		Browse SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmids

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		OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for CD28 (see all 7) OriGene shRNA RFP: CD28 OriGene siRNA: CD28
		QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat CD28

Clone Products:		OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for CD28 (see all 3) OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for CD28 OriGene custom cloning services � gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector: CD28 (NM_006139)
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		Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat CD28

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		QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat CD28
		QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat CD28

Additional cDNA sequence:

AF222341.1 AF222342.1 AF222343.1 AJ295273.1 AJ517504.1 AK292986.1 AK303421.1 AK313313.1

BC093698.1 BC112085.1 J02988.1

3 DOTS entries:

DT.120960167 DT.40291597 DT.92417153

24 AceView cDNA sequences:

AJ295273 AI092544 AW241446 AF222341 J02988 BG232020 AJ517504 CA449466

AF222343 AI632151 AF222342 AI129273 BX101593 AW241503 AW954205 BQ694899

BX955995 NM_006139 AI375736 CD691494 AA353280 CD688553 CD685081 AW949936

GeneLoc Exon Structure

4 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for CD28 About this scheme

ExUns:	1a	·	1b	·	1c	·	1d	·	1e	^	2a	·	2b	·	2c	^	3	^	4a	·	4b	·	4c
SP1:									-						-
SP2:															-
SP3:													-		-
SP4:

ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for CD28

(RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
About This Section

CD28 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS
CGAP TAG: CCAATTTAAA

About this image

CD28 expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells

Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine About this table

2 LifeMap In Vivo Development Anatomical Compartments/Cells

Tissue

Anatomical Compartment

Cell

Category (developmental path)

Blood

Blood

Expression:

Positive

Negative

Selective marker

Experimental details:

Curated

Microarrays

In-situ hybridization

See CD28 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
Genevestigator expression for CD28

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.443123

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: CD28_HUMAN, P10747

Tissue specificity: Expressed in T-cells and plasma cells, but not in less mature B-cells

SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Arrays including CD28 (see all 10):

Cell Surface Markers in human mouse rat

Multiple Sclerosis in human mouse rat

T-cell & B-cell Activation in human mouse rat

Inflammatory Response & Autoimmunity 384HT in human mouse rat

Diabetes in human mouse rat

Primer Products:		OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for CD28 Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
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		QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat CD28

In Situ
Assay Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for CD28

(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD , ⁵MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or ⁶Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
About This Section

This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.

Orthologs for CD28 gene from 2/9 species (see all 9) About this table

Organism	Taxonomic classification	Gene	Description	Human Similarity	Orthology Type	Details
chicken (Gallus gallus)	Aves	CD28¹	CD28 molecule	62.37(n) 51.61(a)		396249 NM_205311.1 NP_990642.1
lizard (Anolis carolinensis)	Reptilia	CD28⁶	--	33(a)	1 ↔ 1	GL343208.1(2843907-2849200)

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for CD28 (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for CD28 (if available)

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene,
²Ensembl, and ³SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to ⁴Pseudogene.org Build 68)
About This Section

Paralogs for CD28 gene

CTLA4²

1 SIMAP similar gene for CD28 using alignment to 2 protein entries: CD28_HUMAN (see all proteins):

CTLA-4

CD28 for paralogs About GeneDecksing

(SNPs/Variants according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
About This Section

SNP ID	Valid	Clinical significance	Chr 2 pos	Sequence	#	AA Chg	Type	More	#	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
Genomic Data					Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--
rs112524967^1,2	C,	--	196418180(+)	`ACGGGG/ATTTCA`	3	--	us2k¹		1		WA	2
rs77601918^1,2	F,	--	196418283(+)	`GCACCC/TGGCCT`	3	--	us2k¹		1		WA	118
rs45455091^1,2		--	196418315(+)	`GTCTCC/TCCTTT`	3	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs3181099^1,2	C,H	--	196418583(+)	`ATGACG/AGAGAC`	3	--	ut5¹ ese³		6		NA NS EA CSA	462
rs142565527^1,2	C,F	--	196418689(+)	`ATGCTC/TAGGCT`	6	L	syn¹		1		NA	4550
rs141027316^1,2	C,F,	--	196418705(+)	`TGGCTC/TTCAAC`	6	L F	mis¹		1		NA	4550
rs146720297^1,2	C,F,	--	196418723(+)	`CTTCAA/GTTCAA`	6	I V	mis¹		2		NA EU	5873
rs150242792^1,2	C,F,	--	196418729(+)	`TTCAAG/ATAACA`	6	/I /V	mis¹		1		NA	4550
rs112316427^1,2		--	196418972(+)	`AGTTGT/ATAGTG`	3	--	int¹		1		CSA	2
rs3181101^1,2	C,F,H,	--	196419298(+)	`TTAAAC/GTCTCC`	3	--	int¹		10		NA NS EA	724

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for CD28 (204571198 - 204602557 bp)
Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) variations for CD28: --

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QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing CD28

DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for CD28

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
About This Section

CD28 for disorders           About GeneDecksing

OMIM gene information: 186760    OMIM disorders: --

20/104 diseases for CD28 (see all 104):    About MalaCards

graft versus host disease wiskott-aldrich syndrome b-cell non-hodgkin lymphoma common variable immunodeficiency

hypersensitivity reaction type ii disease non-hodgkin lymphoma chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy human immunodeficiency virus infectious disease

wegener's granulomatosis demyelinating polyneuropathy sclerosing cholangitis myasthenia gravis

primary sclerosing cholangitis pre-eclampsia inflammatory bowel disease severe combined immunodeficiency

sialadenitis infectious mononucleosis visceral leishmaniasis polyneuropathy

10/64 Novoseek disease relationships for CD28 gene (see all 64) About this table

Disease	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
autoimmune diseases	46.1	9	15086406 (2), 10201965 (1), 19426215 (1), 15870153 (1) (see all 7)
common variable immunodeficiency	44.3	1	10844530 (1)
infection chronic	39.1	2	12506015 (1), 20147632 (1)
hiv infections	38.3	16	9029089 (2), 7973455 (2), 12792869 (2), 14984593 (1) (see all 11)
autoimmunity	35.9	4	9849050 (1), 9200944 (1), 9617561 (1)
graft-versus-host disease	34.1	1	8574169 (1)
immunodeficiency	31.4	6	11312671 (1), 16103193 (1), 7586736 (1), 16011533 (1) (see all 5)
lupus erythematosus systemic	29.7	8	15870153 (2), 15086406 (2), 7888034 (1), 11426024 (1) (see all 6)
rheumatoid arthritis	28.1	18	9174596 (3), 16200579 (2), 11318597 (2), 7538295 (2) (see all 11)
paracoccidioidomycosis	26.5	4	15541043 (1), 18757242 (1)

Genetic Association Database (GAD): CD28
Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: CD28 (73 documents)

Export disorders for CD28 gene to outside databases

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Entrez Gene, ²UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ³HGNC, ⁴GAD, ⁵PharmGKB, ⁶HMDB, ⁷DrugBank, ⁸UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁹ Novoseek, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

PubMed articles for CD28 gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 820):
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with CD28)

Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
world of online information

A novel costimulatory signaling in human T lymphocytes by a splice variant of CD28. (PubMed id 11877290)^{1, 2, 9} Hanawa H.... Ochi A. (2002)
Association of common T cell activation gene polymorphisms with multiple sclerosis in Australian patients. (PubMed id 14975605)^{1, 4, 9} Teutsch S.M....Stewart G.J. (2004)
Haplotypes in the CTLA4 region are associated with coeliac disease in the Irish population. (PubMed id 16237465)^{1, 4} Brophy K....McManus R. (2006)
Characterization of CD28, CTLA4, and ICOS polymorphisms in three Brazilian ethnic groups. (PubMed id 16112024)^{1, 4} Guzman V.B....Gerbase-Delima M. (2005)
Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4. (PubMed id 15815621)^{1, 2} Hillier L.W....Wilson R.K. (2005)
Genetic analysis of the 2q33 region containing CD28-CTLA4-ICOS genes: association with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. (PubMed id 15953005)^{1, 4} Piras G....Gabbas A. (2005)
The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)^{1, 2} Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
Robust phosphoproteomic profiling of tyrosine phosphorylation sites from human T cells using immobilized metal affinity chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. (PubMed id 15144186)^{1, 2} Brill L.M....Peters E.C. (2004)
CTLA-4 and CD28 gene polymorphisms in susceptibility, clinical course and progression of multiple sclerosis. (PubMed id 12864988)^{1, 4} van Veen T....Uitdehaag B.M. (2003)
A novel CD28 mRNA variant and simultaneous presence of various CD28 mRNA isoforms in human T lymphocytes. (PubMed id 11916166)^{1, 2} Deshpande M.... Mitra D. (2002)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
About This Section

		AND	OR
Aliases
Disorders
Free Text

Query String		PubMed OMIM NCBI Bookshelf
	(Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
About This Section

Entrez Gene: 940	HGNC: 1653	AceView: CD28	Ensembl:ENSG00000178562	euGenes: HUgn940
ECgene: CD28	Kegg: 940	H-InvDB: CD28

(According to HUGE)
About This Section

(According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
About This Section

Name	Description
PharmGKB entry for CD28	Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
Wikipedia	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD28

Intellectual Property for CD28 gene
(Patent information from GeneIP, Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts, IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)

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Patent Information for CD28 gene:
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