Aliases for CCL20 Gene
Aliases for CCL20 Gene
- C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 20 2 3
- Chemokine (C-C Motif) Ligand 20 2 3 5
- Small Inducible Cytokine Subfamily A (Cys-Cys), Member 20 2 3
- Liver And Activation-Regulated Chemokine 3 4
- Macrophage Inflammatory Protein 3 Alpha 3 4
- Small-Inducible Cytokine A20 3 4
- CC Chemokine LARC 3 4
- MIP-3-Alpha 3 4
- SCYA20 3 4
External Ids for CCL20 Gene
- HGNC: 10619
- Entrez Gene: 6364
- Ensembl: ENSG00000115009
- OMIM: 601960
- UniProtKB: P78556
Previous HGNC Symbols for CCL20 Gene
- SCYA20
Previous GeneCards Identifiers for CCL20 Gene
- GC02P226699
- GC02P227410
- GC02P228642
- GC02P228881
- GC02P228504
- GC02P228386
- GC02P228678
- GC02P220520
Summaries for CCL20 Gene
-
This antimicrobial gene belongs to the subfamily of small cytokine CC genes. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The CC cytokines are proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. The protein encoded by this gene displays chemotactic activity for lymphocytes and can repress proliferation of myeloid progenitors. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]
GeneCards Summary for CCL20 Gene
CCL20 (C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 20) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with CCL20 include Rheumatoid Arthritis and Hordeolum. Among its related pathways are Peptide ligand-binding receptors and TNF signaling pathway. GO annotations related to this gene include cytokine activity and chemokine activity.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for CCL20 Gene
-
Chemotactic factor that attracts lymphocytes and, slightly, neutrophils, but not monocytes. Inhibits proliferation of myeloid progenitors in colony formation assays. May be involved in formation and function of the mucosal lymphoid tissues by attracting lymphocytes and dendritic cells towards epithelial cells. C-terminal processed forms have been shown to be equally chemotactically active for leukocytes. Possesses antibacterial activity E.coli ATCC 25922 and S.aureus ATCC 29213.
No data available for Tocris Summary , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , fRNAdb sequence ontologies and piRNA Summary for CCL20 Gene
Genomics for CCL20 Gene
Regulatory Elements for CCL20 Gene
Enhancers for CCL20 Gene
| GeneHancer Identifier | Score | Enhancer Sources | TSS distance (kb) | Number of Genes Away | Size (kb) | Transcription Factor Binding Sites within enhancer | Other Gene Targets for Enhancer |
|---|
Enhancers around CCL20 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
Promoters for CCL20 Gene
| Ensembl Regulatory Elements (ENSRs) | TSS Distance (bp) | Size (bp) | Binding Sites for Transcription Factors within promoters |
|---|
ENSRs around CCL20 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Transcription factor binding sites by QIAGEN in the CCL20 gene promoter:
Regulatory Element Products
Genomic Location for CCL20 Gene
- Chromosome:
- 2
- Start:
- 227,813,842 bp from pter
- End:
- 227,817,564 bp from pter
- Size:
- 3,723 bases
- Orientation:
- Plus strand
Genomic View for CCL20 Gene
Genes around CCL20 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Cytogenetic band:
-
- 2q36.3 by Ensembl
- 2q36.3 by Entrez Gene
- 2q36.3 by HGNC
CCL20 Gene in genomic location: bands according to
Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc
(and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Neighborhood
• Exon Structure
• Gene Density
RefSeq DNA sequence for CCL20 Gene
Proteins for CCL20 Gene
-
Protein details for CCL20 Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
- Protein Symbol:
- P78556-CCL20_HUMAN
- Recommended name:
- C-C motif chemokine 20
- Protein Accession:
- P78556
- Q53S51
- Q99664
Protein attributes for CCL20 Gene
- Size:
- 96 amino acids
- Molecular mass:
- 10762 Da
- Quaternary structure:
-
- Binds to and activate CCR6.
Protein Expression for CCL20 Gene
Post-translational modifications for CCL20 Gene
- C-terminal processed forms which lack 1, 3 or 6 amino acids are produced by proteolytic cleavage after secretion from peripheral blood monocytes.
Other Protein References for CCL20 Gene
- ENSEMBL proteins:
- REFSEQ proteins:
Antibody Products
- R&D Systems Antibodies for CCL20 (CCL20/MIP-3 alpha)
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for CCL20
-
Cloud-Clone Corp. Antibodies for CCL20
- Invitrogen Antibodies for CCL20
- antibodies-online Antibodies for CCL20: See all 154
- GeneTex CCL20 antibody for CCL20
-
Custom Antibody ServicesProSci Antibodies for CCL20
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for CCL20
Protein Products
- R&D Systems Proteins and Enzymes for CCL20 (CCL20/MIP-3 alpha)
-
OriGene Purified Proteins for CCL20
- Search Origene for MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for CCL20
- Origene Custom Protein Services for CCL20
- Sino Biological Cell Lysates for CCL20
- Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins for CCL20
- ProSpec Recombinant Proteins for CCL20
-
Cloud-Clone Corp. Proteins for CCL20
- antibodies-online Proteins for CCL20: See all 105
- Search antibodies-online for peptides
- GeneTex MIP-3 alpha Recombinant Protein (Active) (GTX48366-PRO) for CCL20
- GeneTex MIP-3alpha recombinant protein (GTX65248) for CCL20
Assay Products
- R&D Systems ELISAs, Luminex Assays, Proteome Profiler Antibody Arrays, and other biochemical assays for CCL20 (CCL20/MIP-3 alpha)
-
Cloud-Clone Corp Assay Kits for CCL20
- antibodies-online Kits for CCL20: See all 83
No data available for DME Specific Peptides for CCL20 Gene
Domains & Families for CCL20 Gene
Gene Families for CCL20 Gene
Protein Domains for CCL20 Gene
- InterPro:
- Blocks:
- ProtoNet:
Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for CCL20 Gene
- GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry
P78556- Family:
-
- Belongs to the intercrine beta (chemokine CC) family.
Function for CCL20 Gene
Molecular function for CCL20 Gene
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
- Chemotactic factor that attracts lymphocytes and, slightly, neutrophils, but not monocytes. Inhibits proliferation of myeloid progenitors in colony formation assays. May be involved in formation and function of the mucosal lymphoid tissues by attracting lymphocytes and dendritic cells towards epithelial cells. C-terminal processed forms have been shown to be equally chemotactically active for leukocytes. Possesses antibacterial activity E.coli ATCC 25922 and S.aureus ATCC 29213.
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Induction:
- By bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), TNF and IFNG/IFN-gamma. Induced by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) in U-937 cell line and bowes melanoma. Repressed by IL10/interleukin-10.
Phenotypes for CCL20 Gene
- GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for CCL20:
Animal Model Products
-
Taconic Biosciences Mouse Models for CCL20
-
ViGene Biosciences lentiviral particle packaged cDNA for CCL20 gene
-
ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for CCL20 gene
- Search ViGene Biosciences for CCL20
CRISPR Products
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for CCL20
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for CCL20
- GenScript: Design CRISPR guide RNA sequences for CCL20
miRNA for CCL20 Gene
- miRTarBase miRNAs that target CCL20
miRNA Products
- Search ViGene Biosciences for CCL20
Clone Products
- OriGene clones in human for CCL20
- OriGene ORF clones in human,mouse,rat for CCL20
- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for CCL20
- Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat
Cell Line Products
-
ViGene Biosciences adenoviral particle packaged cDNA for CCL20 gene
-
ViGene Biosciences lentiviral particle packaged cDNA for CCL20 gene
-
ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for CCL20 gene
Flow Cytometry Products
No data available for Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) , Gene Ontology (GO) - Molecular Function , Human Phenotype Ontology , Animal Models , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for CCL20 Gene
Localization for CCL20 Gene
Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for CCL20 Gene
- Secreted.
| Compartment | Confidence |
|---|---|
| extracellular | 5 |
| nucleus | 2 |
| cytosol | 1 |
| plasma membrane | 1 |
No data available for Gene Ontology (GO) - Cellular Components for CCL20 Gene
Pathways & Interactions for CCL20 Gene
More details on SuperPathways for CCL20| Superpath | Contained pathways | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | PEDF Induced Signaling |
.61
|
.47
|
| 2 | TGF-Beta Pathway |
.60
.57
|
.51
.40
|
| 3 | Peptide ligand-binding receptors | ||
| 4 | Akt Signaling |
.60
.60
|
|
| 5 | ERK Signaling |
.61
|
Pathways by source for CCL20 Gene
1 BioSystems pathway for CCL20 Gene
8 Reactome pathways for CCL20 Gene
4 KEGG pathways for CCL20 Gene
2 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) pathways for CCL20 Gene
1 R&D Systems pathway for CCL20 Gene
27 Qiagen pathways for CCL20 Gene
Interacting Proteins for CCL20 Gene
Selected Interacting proteins:
P78556-CCL20_HUMAN
ENSP00000351671
for CCL20 Gene via
MINT
STRING
UniProtKB
I2D
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0002548 | monocyte chemotaxis | IBA | -- |
| GO:0006935 | chemotaxis | IEA,TAS | 10438902 |
| GO:0006955 | immune response | IEA,TAS | 10521347 |
| GO:0007165 | signal transduction | TAS | 9038201 |
| GO:0007186 | G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway | IBA | -- |
No data available for SIGNOR curated interactions for CCL20 Gene
Transcripts for CCL20 Gene
mRNA/cDNA for CCL20 Gene
- (2) REFSEQ mRNAs :
- (4) Additional mRNA sequences :
- (76) Selected AceView cDNA sequences:
- (4) Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant :
Unigene Clusters for CCL20 Gene
CRISPR Products
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for CCL20
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for CCL20
- GenScript: Design CRISPR guide RNA sequences for CCL20
miRNA Products
- Search ViGene Biosciences for CCL20
Clone Products
- OriGene clones in human for CCL20
- OriGene ORF clones in human,mouse,rat for CCL20
- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for CCL20
- Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat
Flow Cytometry Products
| ExUns: | 1 | ^ | 2a | · | 2b | ^ | 3 | ^ | 4a | · | 4b |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SP1: | - | ||||||||||
| SP2: | - | ||||||||||
| SP3: |
Expression for CCL20 Gene
mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery
-
Epiblast (Early Embryonic Tissues)
- Epiblast Cells Epiblast
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells (Uncategorized)
- Umbilical Cord (Extraembryonic Tissues)
- Bone (Muscoskeletal System)
- Cartilage (Muscoskeletal System)
- Lung (Respiratory System)
-
Colon (Gastrointestinal Tract)
-
Tonsil (Hematopoietic System)
mRNA differential expression in normal tissues according to GTEx for CCL20 Gene
This gene is overexpressed in Minor Salivary Gland (x12.4), Lung (x6.9), and Liver (x5.5).
This gene is overexpressed in Islet of Langerhans (30.9), Pancreas (23.1), and Plasma (14.9).
Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB, PaxDb, and MOPED for CCL20 Gene
SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for CCL20 Gene Hs.75498
mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt for CCL20 Gene
P78556-CCL20_HUMAN
Tissue specificity:
Expressed predominantly in the liver, lymph nodes, appendix, peripheral blood lymphocytes, and fetal lung. Low levels seen in thymus, prostate, testis, small intestine and colon.
Primer Products
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs for CCL20
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for CCL20
Orthologs for CCL20 Gene
This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.
| Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | CCL20 35 |
|
||
| CCL20 36 |
|
OneToOne | |||
| dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | CCL20 35 |
|
||
| CCL20 36 |
|
OneToOne | |||
| mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Ccl20 35 |
|
||
| Ccl20 16 |
|
||||
| Ccl20 36 |
|
OneToOne | |||
| chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | CCL20 35 |
|
||
| CCL20 36 |
|
OneToOne | |||
| rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Ccl20 35 |
|
||
| oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | CCL20 36 |
|
OneToOne | |
| platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | CCL20 36 |
|
OneToOne | |
| chicken (Gallus gallus) |
Aves | CCL20 35 |
|
||
| MIP-3ALPHA 36 |
|
OneToOne | |||
| lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | CCL20 36 |
|
OneToOne |
- Species with no ortholog for CCL20:
-
- A. gosspyii yeast (Ashbya gossypii)
- Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)
- African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae)
- Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
- alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
- amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
- Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
- baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
- barley (Hordeum vulgare)
- beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
- bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
- Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
- common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
- corn (Zea mays)
- E. coli (Escherichia coli)
- filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
- Firmicute bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
- fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)
- green algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
- honey bee (Apis mellifera)
- K. lactis yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
- loblloly pine (Pinus taeda)
- malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
- medicago trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
- moss (Physcomitrella patens)
- orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
- pig (Sus scrofa)
- rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- rice (Oryza sativa)
- rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
- schistosome parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
- sea anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
- sea squirt (Ciona intestinalis)
- sea squirt (Ciona savignyi)
- sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
- sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
- soybean (Glycine max)
- stem rust fungus (Puccinia graminis)
- sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
- thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
- tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
- toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
- Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
- tropical clawed frog (Silurana tropicalis)
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)
- worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)
- zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Paralogs for CCL20 Gene
(18) SIMAP similar genes for CCL20 Gene using alignment to 1 proteins:
No data available for Paralogs for CCL20 Gene
Variants for CCL20 Gene
| SNP ID | Clin | Chr 02 pos | Sequence Context | AA Info | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs1049617 | - | 227,815,516(+) | TTATT(A/G)TGGGC | reference, missense | |
| rs3138113 | -- | 227,815,270(+) | TATGT(A/T)AGATT | intron-variant | |
| rs3138114 | -- | 227,815,621(+) | AACTT(C/G)AGTTT | intron-variant | |
| rs3138115 | -- | 227,815,676(+) | GTTTT(C/G)AACAT | intron-variant | |
| rs3138116 | -- | 227,815,798(+) | TAAAA(A/T)TTTTT | intron-variant |
Residual Variation Intolerance Score:
66.1% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score:
0.24;
5.42% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Relevant External Links for CCL20 Gene
Disorders for CCL20 Gene
| Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|
| rheumatoid arthritis |
|
|
| hordeolum |
|
|
| stromal keratitis |
|
|
| latex allergy |
|
|
| pneumococcal meningitis |
|
|
Search CCL20 in MalaCards
View complete list of genes associated with diseases
Relevant External Links for CCL20
No data available for UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Genatlas for CCL20 Gene
Publications for CCL20 Gene
- Molecular cloning of a novel human CC chemokine liver and activation- regulated chemokine (LARC) expressed in liver. Chemotactic activity for lymphocytes and gene localization on chromosome 2. (PMID: 9038201) Hieshima K. … Nomiyama H. (J. Biol. Chem. 1997) 2 3 4 23 67
- Genomic organization of the CC chemokine mip-3alpha/CCL20/larc/ exodus/SCYA20, showing gene structure, splice variants, and chromosome localization. (PMID: 11352563) Nelson R.T. … McColl S.R. (Genomics 2001) 2 3 23
- Regulation of the psoriatic chemokine CCL20 by E3 ligases Trim32 and Piasy in keratinocytes. (PMID: 20054338) Liu Y. … Kulesz-Martin M.F. (J. Invest. Dermatol. 2010) 3 23
- CCL20/CCR6 expression profile in pancreatic cancer. (PMID: 20459729) Rubie C. … Schilling M.K. (J Transl Med 2010) 3 23
- Enhanced expression of CCL20 in human Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis. (PMID: 19006683) Yoshida A. … Kohno S. (Clin. Immunol. 2009) 3 23
Products for CCL20 Gene
- R&D Systems Antibodies for CCL20 (CCL20/MIP-3 alpha)
- R&D Systems Proteins and Enzymes for CCL20 (CCL20/MIP-3 alpha)
- R&D Systems ELISAs, Luminex Assays, Proteome Profiler Antibody Arrays, and other biochemical assays for CCL20 (CCL20/MIP-3 alpha)
- Browse Primary Antibodies
- Browse Proteins and Enzymes
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- Browse Cell Selection and Detection Kits
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- Browse ELISpot/FluoroSpot Kits and Development Modules
- Browse Flow Cytometry Kits
- Browse Immunoprecipitation Assays
- Browse Luminex Assays
- Browse Peptides
- Browse Proteome Profiler Antibody Arrays
- Browse Small Molecules
- Custom Antibody ServicesOriGene Antibodies for CCL20
- Custom Assay Services
- OriGene Purified Proteins for CCL20
- Search Origene for MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for CCL20
- Origene Custom Protein Services for CCL20
- Origene siRNA, shRNA, mouse_rna, rat_shrna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for CCL20
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For CCL20
- OriGene qPCR primer pairs for CCL20
- OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for CCL20
- OriGene CRISPR knockouts for CCL20
- OriGene clones in human for CCL20
- OriGene ORF clones in human,mouse,rat for CCL20
- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
- GenScript: Next-day shipping cDNA clones in your preferred vector
- GenScript Purified and Recombinant Proteins for CCL20
- GenScript Custom Purified and Recombinant Proteins Services for CCL20
- GenScript Custom Assay Services for CCL20
- GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for CCL20
- GenScript: Design CRISPR guide RNA sequences for CCL20
- Design optimal peptide antigens
- CloneReady with Over 120,000 Genes
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- Vector-based siRNA and miRNA, Ready for Transfection
- Gene Mutant Library, Variants up to 10^11
- Plasmid Preparation
- GenScript Custom Peptide Services for CCL20
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for CCL20
- Sino Biological Cell Lysates for CCL20
- Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins for CCL20
- 4000+ Proteins
- Search Sino Biological for antibodies, proteins & pathways
- Protein Production Services
- Transfection Reagents
- Protein A/G/L resins
- Isotyping reagents
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for CCL20
- Novus Biologicals proteins and lysates for CCL20
- Novus Biologicals
- Novus Biologicals Tissue Microarrays
- ProSpec Recombinant Proteins for CCL20
- Cloud-Clone Corp. Antibodies for CCL20
- Cloud-Clone Corp. Proteins for CCL20
- Cloud-Clone Corp Assay Kits for CCL20
- Taconic Biosciences Mouse Models for CCL20
- Find your next knockout model in the Taconic Knockout Repository
- Genetically Engineered Models Available Immediately
- Humanized Mice
- antibodies-online Antibodies for CCL20: See all 154
- antibodies-online Kits for CCL20: See all 83
- antibodies-online Proteins for CCL20: See all 105
- Search antibodies-online for peptides
- GeneTex CCL20 antibody for CCL20
- GeneTex MIP-3 alpha Recombinant Protein (Active) (GTX48366-PRO) for CCL20
- GeneTex MIP-3alpha recombinant protein (GTX65248) for CCL20
- ViGene Biosciences adenoviral particle packaged cDNA for CCL20 gene
- ViGene Biosciences lentiviral particle packaged cDNA for CCL20 gene
- ViGene Biosciences lentiviral particle packaged cDNA for CCL20 gene
- ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for CCL20 gene
- ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for CCL20 gene
- ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for CCL20 gene
- Search ViGene Biosciences for CCL20
- Search ViGene Biosciences for CCL20
- Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for CCL20
- Search Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) for CCL20 siRNA/shRNA
- Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for CCL20
- Custom Antibody ServicesProSci Antibodies for CCL20
Sources for CCL20 Gene
- (1) GeneCards
- (2) HGNC
- (3) EntrezGene
- (4) Swiss-Prot
- (5) Ensembl
- (6) OMIM
- (7) GeneLoc
- (8) Gene Wiki
- (9) UCSC
- (10) PhosphoSitePlus
- (11) GO
- (12) TrEMBL
- (13) InterPro
- (14) ProtoNet
- (15) Blocks
- (16) MGI
- (17) IUBMB
- (18) KEGG
- (19) MINT
- (20) STRING
- (21) I2D
- (22) IntAct
- (23) Novoseek
- (24) PharmGKB
- (25) DrugBank
- (26) HMDB
- (27) UniGene
- (28) AceView
- (29) RNAdb
- (30) ASD
- (31) ECgene
- (32) GeneAnnot
- (33) SAGE
- (34) SOURCE
- (35) HomoloGene
- (36) PanEnsembl
- (37) euGenes
- (38) SGD
- (39) FlyBase
- (40) WormBase
- (41) Pseudogene
- (42) DGV
- (43) dbSNP
- (44) HapMap
- (45) GenAtlas
- (46) GeneTests
- (47) HGMD
- (48) GAD
- (49) LSDB
- (50) BGMUT
- (51) HuGE
- (52) eBioscience
- (53) Atlas
- (54) Cell Signaling Technology
- (55) GenBank
- (56) H-invDB
- (57) HORDE
- (58) HUGE
- (59) IMGT
- (60) Leiden
- (61) MILLIPORE
- (62) miRBase
- (63) DME
- (64) Nature
- (65) NCBI
- (66) OriGene
- (67) PubMed
- (68) R&D Systems
- (69) Salk
- (70) TGDB
- (71) Tufts
- (72) YEDA
- (73) CROW21
- (74) Tocris
- (75) Abcam
- (76) Novus
- (77) ProSpec
- (78) Sino Biological
- (79) GenScript
- (80) Qiagen
- (81) Cloud-Clone Corp.
- (82) Enzo Life Sciences
- (83) OCA
- (84) Proteopedia
- (85) MOPED
- (86) SPIRE
- (87) neXtProt
- (88) Reactome
- (89) GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)
- (90) fRNAdb
- (91) DISEASES
- (92) SIMAP
- (93) GenomeRNAi
- (94) LifeMap
- (95) miRTarBase
- (96) MalaCards
- (97) Invitrogen
- (98) BitterDB
- (99) Vector BioLabs
- (100) ESI-BIO
- (101) RefSeq
- (102) BioSystems
- (103) MaxQB
- (104) IUPHAR
- (105) BioGPS
- (106) Illumina
- (107) COMPARTMENTS
- (108) HOMER
- (109) PaxDb
- (110) ApexBio
- (111) Addgene
- (112) Advanced Cell Diagnostics
- (113) antibodies-online
- (114) CYP
- (115) NONCODE
- (116) SwitchGear Genomics
- (117) TreeFam
- (118) PathCards
- (119) GeneReviews
- (120) GeneTex
- (121) Taconic Biosciences
- (122) GTEx
- (123) ProteomicsDB
- (124) SCBT
- (125) DGIdb
- (126) ClinicalTrials
- (127) FDA Approved Drugs
- (128) RVIS
- (129) SIGNOR
- (130) diseasecard
- (131) NIH Rare Diseases
- (132) Orphanet
- (133) UMLS
- (134) GTR
- (135) Disease Ontology
- (136) Genetics Home Reference
- (137) MeSH
- (138) MedlinePlus
- (139) CDC
- (140) NINDS
- (141) NCBI Bookshelf
- (142) ClinVar
- (143) Gene Damage Index
- (144) ViGene Biosciences
- (145) HPO
- (146) UDN
- (147) VISTA
- (148) FANTOM5
- (149) ENCODE
- (150) ProSci
- (151) Horizon