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CCL2 Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 70
GCID: GC17P032582

Chemokine (C-C Motif) Ligand 2

(Previous names: small inducible cytokine A2 (monocyte chemotactic protein...)
(Previous symbol: SCYA2)

See CCL2-related diseases
at

MalaCards

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, ¹⁰fRNAdb, ¹²H-InvDB, ¹³NCBI, ¹⁴NONCODE, and/or ¹⁵RNAdb)
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This gene clusters with an RNA gene
Subcategory (RNA class): lncRNA

Quality score for the ORGUL clustered with this gene is 3

Aliases
Chemokine (C-C Motif) Ligand 2¹ ²		HC11² ³
SCYA2¹ ² ³ ⁵		MCP-1² ³
Monocyte Chemotactic And Activating Factor¹ ² ³		Homologous To Mouse Sig-Je¹
Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 1¹ ² ³		Member 2¹
Monocyte Secretory Protein JE¹ ² ³		Small Inducible Cytokine Subfamily A (Cys-Cys)¹
MCAF² ³ ⁵		GDCF-2²
MCP1² ³ ⁵		HSMCR30²
Small Inducible Cytokine A2 (Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 1, Homologous To Mouse Sig-Je)¹ ²		SMC-CF²
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1¹ ²		C-C Motif Chemokine 2²
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1² ³		Small Inducible Cytokine Subfamily A (Cys-Cys), Member 2²
Small-Inducible Cytokine A2² ³

External Ids:	HGNC: 10618¹	Entrez Gene: 6347²	Ensembl: ENSG00000108691⁷	OMIM: 158105⁵	UniProtKB: P13500³

ORGUL members:

Export aliases for CCL2 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC17P032352 GC17P034621 GC17P032727 GC17P029606 GC17P028767

(According to Entrez Gene, GeneCards, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
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Entrez Gene summary for CCL2 Gene:

This gene is one of several cytokine genes clustered on the q-arm of chromosome 17. Chemokines are a superfamily

of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The superfamily is divided into

four subfamilies based on the arrangement of N-terminal cysteine residues of the mature peptide. This chemokine

is a member of the CC subfamily which is characterized by two adjacent cysteine residues. This cytokine displays

chemotactic activity for monocytes and basophils but not for neutrophils or eosinophils. It has been implicated

in the pathogenesis of diseases characterized by monocytic infiltrates, like psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis and

atherosclerosis. It binds to chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR4. (provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013)

GeneCards Summary for CCL2 Gene:

CCL2 (chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2) is a protein-coding gene. Diseases associated with CCL2 include coronary artery disease, modifier of, and spina bifida. GO annotations related to this gene include heparin binding and receptor binding. An important paralog of this gene is CCL11.

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: CCL2_HUMAN, P13500

Function: Chemotactic factor that attracts monocytes and basophils but not neutrophils or eosinophils. Augments

monocyte anti-tumor activity. Has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases characterized by monocytic

infiltrates, like psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis or atherosclerosis. May be involved in the recruitment of

monocytes into the arterial wall during the disease process of atherosclerosis

Gene Wiki entry for CCL2 Gene

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 75), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
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RefSeq DNA sequence at NCBI GenBank:

NC_000017.10 NC_018928.2 NT_010783.16

Regulatory elements:

Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the CCL2 gene promoter:
c-Fos STAT1 AP-1 c-Jun
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmids (see all 2): CCL2 promoter sequence

Search Chromatin IP Primers for CCL2

Epigenetics:

DNA Methylation CpG Assay Predesigned for Pyrosequencing in human, mouse, rat CCL2

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 17q11.2-q12 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 17q12 HGNC cytogenetic band: 17q11.2-q21.1

CCL2 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
CCL2 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 17 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC17P032582: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	32,582,296 bp from pter	End:	32,584,222 bp from pter
Size:	1,927 bases	Orientation:	plus strand

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, ²neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, Cloud-Clone Corp., eBioscience, and/or antibodies-online,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, Cloud-Clone Corp., eBioscience, and/or antibodies-online, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, Cloud-Clone Corp, antibodies-online, and/or others.)
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UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: CCL2_HUMAN, P13500 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: C-C motif chemokine 2 precursor

Size: 99 amino acids; 11025 Da

Subunit: Monomer or homodimer; in equilibrium. Binds to CCR2 and CCR4. Is tethered on endothelial cells by

glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains of proteoglycans

Selected PDB 3D structures from and Proteopedia for CCL2 (see all 10):

1DOK (3D)

1DOL (3D)

1DOM (3D)

1DON (3D)

1MCA (3D)

1ML0 (3D)

Secondary accessions: B2R4V3 Q9UDF3

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for CCL2: NX_P13500

Explore proteomics data for CCL2 at MOPED

Post-translational modifications:

Processing at the N-terminus can regulate receptor and target cell selectivity. Deletion of the N-terminal residue

converts it from an activator of basophil to an eosinophil chemoattractant¹

Glycosylation² at Asn37

See CCL2 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED, PaxDB, and MaxQB

REFSEQ proteins: NP_002973.1

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000462156 ENSP00000225831

Reactome Protein details: P13500

CCL2 Human Recombinant Protein Products:

	EMD Millipore Purified and/or Recombinant CCL2 Protein
	R&D Systems Recombinant & Natural Proteins for CCL2 (CCL2/JE/MCP-1)
	Browse recombinant and purified proteins available from Enzo Life Sciences
	OriGene Purified Protein for CCL2 OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysate for CCL2 OriGene MassSpec for CCL2 OriGene Custom Protein Services for CCL2
	GenScript Purified and Recombinant Proteins for CCL2
	Novus Biologicals CCL2 Proteins Novus Biologicals CCL2 Lysates
	Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins Sino Biological Cell Lysate for CCL2
	ProSpec Recombinant Protein for CCL2
	Browse Proteins at Cloud-Clone Corp.
	eBioscience Proteins for CCL2: Human CCL2 (MCP-1) Recombinant Protein 5 ug
	antibodies-online proteins for CCL2 (116 products)
	antibodies-online peptides for CCL2

CCL2 Antibody Products:
EMD Millipore Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies for the study of CCL2
R&D Systems Antibodies for CCL2 (CCL2/JE/MCP-1)
OriGene Antibodies for CCL2
OriGene Custom Antibody Services for CCL2
Novus Biologicals CCL2 Antibodies
Abcam antibodies for CCL2
Browse Antibodies at Cloud-Clone Corp.
ThermoFisher Antibody for CCL2
antibodies-online antibodies for CCL2 (326 products)
CCL2 Assay Products:

Browse Kits and Assays available from EMD Millipore
OriGene Custom Assay Services for CCL2
R&D Systems Flow Cytometry Kits for CCL2 (CCL2/JE/MCP-1) (see all)
GenScript Custom Assay Services for CCL2
Enzo Life Sciences assays for CCL2
Browse ELISAs at Cloud-Clone Corp.
Browse CLIAs at Cloud-Clone Corp.
eBioscience ELISAs for CCL2: (see all 6)
Human CCL2 (MCP-1) ELISA Ready-SET-Go! 2 x 96 tests
antibodies-online kits for CCL2 (100 products)

(According to HGNC, IUPHAR, InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
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HGNC Gene Families:

ENDOLIG: Endogenous ligands

CCL: Chemokine ligands

2 InterPro protein domains:

IPR000827 Chemokine_CC_CS

IPR001811 Chemokine_IL8-like_dom

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P13500

ProtoNet protein and cluster: P13500

1 Blocks protein domain: IPB000827 Small chemokine

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: CCL2_HUMAN, P13500

Similarity: Belongs to the intercrine beta (chemokine CC) family

Find genes that share domains with CCL2 About GenesLikeMe

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013, genOway,
transcription factor targeting from QIAGEN and/or HOMER, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase, shRNA from OriGene, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, SwitchGear Genomics, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from OriGene, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs and/or Addgene, Cell Lines from GenScript, ESI BIO, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Flow cytometry from eBioscience, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2014 via Entrez Gene.)
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Molecular Function:

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary: CCL2_HUMAN, P13500

Function: Chemotactic factor that attracts monocytes and basophils but not neutrophils or eosinophils. Augments

monocyte anti-tumor activity. Has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases characterized by monocytic

infiltrates, like psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis or atherosclerosis. May be involved in the recruitment of

monocytes into the arterial wall during the disease process of atherosclerosis

Induction: Up-regulated upon hypertonic conditions

Gene Ontology (GO): 7 molecular function terms (see first 5): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0001664	G-protein coupled receptor binding	--	--
GO:0004672	protein kinase activity	TAS	9973507
GO:0005102	receptor binding	TAS	10542238
GO:0005515	protein binding	--	--
GO:0008009	chemokine activity	IEA	--
GO:0008201	heparin binding	IEA	--
GO:0031727	CCR2 chemokine receptor binding	TAS	18021937

Find genes that share ontologies with CCL2 About GenesLikeMe

Phenotypes:
3 GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for CCL2:

Decreased NANOG protein expres

Decreased OCT4 protein express

Decreased POU5F1-GFP protein e

Selected MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 6 alleles) (MGI details for Ccl2) (see all 21):

adipose tissue	behavior/neurological	cardiovascular system	cellular	craniofacial
digestive/alimentary	growth/size/body	hematopoietic system	homeostasis/metabolism	immune system
integument	liver/biliary system	mortality/aging	muscle	nervous system

Find genes that share phenotypes with CCL2 About GenesLikeMe

Animal Models:
MGI mouse knock-outs for CCL2: Ccl2^tm1Lex Ccl2^tm1Rol Ccl2^tm1.1Tyos

genOway: Develop your customized and physiologically relevant rodent model for CCL2

miRNA Products:		miRTarBase miRNAs that target CCL2: hsa-mir-26b-5p (MIRT030277), hsa-mir-155-5p (MIRT021047), hsa-mir-1 (MIRT024058), hsa-mir-124-3p (MIRT004284), hsa-mir-24-3p (MIRT030558)

		Block miRNA regulation of human, mouse, rat CCL2 using miScript Target Protectors
		7 qRT-PCR Assays for microRNAs that regulate CCL2:
		hsa-miR-577 hsa-miR-323-3p hsa-miR-3910 hsa-miR-374b hsa-miR-3143 hsa-miR-374a hsa-miR-3692
		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: CCL2 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		OriGene RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for CCL2
		Predesigned siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat CCL2

Gene Editing
Products:

DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for CCL2

Clone Products:		OriGene clones in human, mouse for CCL2 (see all 6) OriGene ORF clones in mouse, rat for CCL2 OriGene custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector: CCL2 (NM_002982)
		Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for CCL2
		DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for CCL2
		Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat CCL2
		Addgene plasmids for CCL2

Cell Line Products:		GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for CCL2
		Browse ESI BIO Cell Lines and PureStem Progenitors for CCL2

In Situ Assay
Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for CCL2

Flow Cytometry
Products:

eBioscience FlowRNA Probe Sets ( VA1-11041) for CCL2

(According to UniProtKB, COMPARTMENTS Subcellular localization database, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2014 via Entrez Gene.)
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Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

CCL2_HUMAN, P13500: Secreted

Subcellular locations from COMPARTMENTS:

Compartment	Confidence
extracellular	5
nucleus	3
cytoskeleton	2
peroxisome	2
plasma membrane	2
cytosol	1
endoplasmic reticulum	1
golgi apparatus	1
lysosome	1
vacuole	1

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Gene Ontology (GO): 4 cellular component terms: About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005576	extracellular region	TAS	--
GO:0005615	extracellular space	IEA	--
GO:0005737	cytoplasm	IEA	--
GO:0043025	neuronal cell body	IEA	--

Find genes that share ontologies with CCL2 About GenesLikeMe

(SuperPaths according to PathCards, Pathways according to R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Sino Biological, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to QIAGEN, and/or STRING, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, ³I2D, and/or ⁴STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2014 via Entrez Gene).
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SuperPaths for CCL2 About (see all 31)

See pathways by source

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by

SuperPath

Selected contained pathways About (see all per SuperPath)

PEDF Induced Signaling

MIF Regulation of Innate Immune Cells	0.94	NFAT Signaling and Lymphocyte Interactions	0.57
MIF Mediated Glucocorticoid Regulation	0.94	PGC1Alpha Pathway	0.51
PEDF Induced Signaling	0.73	STAT3 Pathway	0.47
all-trans-Retinoic Acid Signaling in Brain	0.71	Endothelin-1 Signaling Pathway	0.46

Chemokine Superfamily: Human/Mouse Ligand-Receptor Interactions

Chemokine receptors bind chemokines

0.81

Chemokine Superfamily: Human/Mouse Ligand-Receptor Interactions

0.81

G-protein signaling Ras family GTPases in kinase cascades (scheme)

Immune response Oncostatin M signaling via MAPK in human cells

0.39

Oncostatin M Signaling Pathway

0.37

Chemokine Signaling

Chemokine Signaling

0.33

Chemokine signaling pathway

0.33

TGF-Beta Pathway

TGF-Beta Pathway	0.60	JNK Pathway	0.51
MAPK Family Pathway	0.60	Regulation of eIF4 and p70S6K	0.43
JAK-STAT Pathway	0.57	SOCS Pathway	0.40

Find genes that share SuperPaths with CCL2 About GenesLikeMe

Pathways by source See SuperPaths
Show all pathways

2 R&D Systems Pathways for CCL2

	A-beta Uptake & Degradation
	Chemokine Superfamily: Human/Mouse Ligand-Receptor Interactions

Selected Downloadable PowerPoint Slides of GeneGlobe Pathway Central Maps for CCL2 (see all 30)

	MSP-RON Signaling
	Endothelin-1 Signaling Pathway
	Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer
	Antioxidant Action of Vitamin-C
	NFAT Signaling and Lymphocyte Interactions

3 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) Pathways for CCL2

	Development VEGF signaling via VEGFR2 - generic cascades
	Immune response Oncostatin M signaling via JAK-Stat in human cells
	Immune response Oncostatin M signaling via MAPK in human cells

Selected BioSystems Pathways for CCL2 (see all 6)

	Oncostatin M Signaling Pathway
	Spinal Cord Injury
	Selenium Pathway
	TWEAK Signaling Pathway
	IL23-mediated signaling events

2 Reactome Pathways for CCL2

	Chemokine receptors bind chemokines
	ATF4 activates genes

Selected Kegg Pathways (Kegg details for CCL2) (see all 9):

	Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
	Chemokine signaling pathway
	NOD-like receptor signaling pathway
	TNF signaling pathway
	Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis)

Pathway & Disease-focused RT² Profiler PCR Arrays including CCL2 (see all 29):

HIV Host Response in human mouse rat

Multiple Sclerosis in human mouse rat

Wound Healing in human mouse rat

Cancer PathwayFinder in human mouse rat

Inflammasomes in human mouse rat

Interactions:

GeneGlobe Interaction Network for CCL2

STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 25)

Selected Interacting proteins for CCL2 (P13500³ ENSP00000225831⁴) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 58)

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
ACKR2	O00590³, ENSP00000273145⁴	I2D: score=3 STRING: ENSP00000273145
CCR3	P51677³, ENSP00000350003⁴	I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000350003
CCL11	P51671³, ENSP00000302234⁴	I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000302234
CCR10	P46092³, ENSP00000332504⁴	I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000332504
MMP1	P03956³, ENSP00000322788⁴	I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000322788

About this table

Gene Ontology (GO): Selected biological process terms (see all 70): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0000165	MAPK cascade	IMP	--
GO:0001525	angiogenesis	TAS	18334747
GO:0001666	response to hypoxia	IEA	--
GO:0001938	positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation	IEA	--
GO:0002548	monocyte chemotaxis	IDA	12207323

Find genes that share ontologies with CCL2 About GenesLikeMe

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience, ApexBio, HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, Ligands according to IUPHAR, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB)
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Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Browse compounds at ApexBio

Browse Tocris compounds for CCL2

3 HMDB Compounds for CCL2 About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	PubMed Ids
Atorvastatin	Atorvastatin acid (see all 4)	134523-00-5	--
Danazol	(17a)-Pregna-2,4-dien-20-yno[2,3-d]isoxazol-17-ol (see all 16)	17230-88-5	--
Simvastatin	(+)-Simvastatin (see all 28)	79902-63-9	--

2 DrugBank Compounds for CCL2 About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	Type	Actions	PubMed Ids
Danazol	--	17230-88-5	target	inhibitor	11216879 11056242
Mimosine	L-Mimosine (see all 6)	500-44-7	target	inhibitor	11936838 15698514

Selected Novoseek inferred chemical compound relationships for CCL2 gene (see all 150) About this table

Compound	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
rantes	96	1626	11750041 (8), 8616572 (7), 15631778 (7), 17353158 (7) (see all 99)
mcp 1	85	69	20497022 (5), 16091493 (4), 18045859 (3), 20032813 (3) (see all 34)
ccl3	83.4	145	20047691 (5), 16105698 (5), 18070228 (4), 18270300 (4) (see all 81)
groalpha	79.1	60	10540194 (4), 16213701 (4), 16869002 (4), 15044249 (3) (see all 30)
tarc	71	41	12911508 (2), 19536139 (2), 14630994 (2), 11533168 (2) (see all 24)
grogamma	70.8	8	15832427 (2), 10467937 (2), 15972545 (1), 11808935 (1) (see all 5)
vegf	66.3	386	14574083 (8), 15627719 (7), 16273763 (6), 18385799 (6) (see all 99)
mip 1alpha	64.7	9	20205697 (2), 16211583 (1), 15932509 (1), 19506561 (1) (see all 8)
grobeta	62.7	6	15832427 (2), 12556377 (1), 11808935 (1), 17442617 (1)
bindarit	56.9	13	18827968 (4), 10477401 (2), 17460736 (1), 9507220 (1)

Find genes that share compounds with CCL2 About GenesLikeMe

(Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 236 Homo sapiens; Apr 25 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN, SwitchGear Genomics,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, and/or Addgene, Primers from OriGene, and/or QIAGEN, Flow cytometry from eBioscience )
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REFSEQ mRNAs for CCL2 gene:

NM_002982.3

Unigene Cluster for CCL2:

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2

Hs.303649 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: BU570769

3 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:

ENST00000580907 ENST00000225831(uc002hhy.3) ENST00000582017

miRNA Products:		Block miRNA regulation of human, mouse, rat CCL2 using miScript Target Protectors
		7 qRT-PCR Assays for microRNAs that regulate CCL2:
		hsa-miR-577 hsa-miR-323-3p hsa-miR-3910 hsa-miR-374b hsa-miR-3143 hsa-miR-374a hsa-miR-3692
		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: CCL2 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		OriGene RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for CCL2
		Predesigned siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat CCL2

Clone Products:		OriGene clones in human, mouse for CCL2 (see all 6) OriGene ORF clones in mouse, rat for CCL2 OriGene custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector: CCL2 (NM_002982)
		DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for CCL2
		Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat CCL2
		Addgene plasmids for CCL2

Primer Products:		OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for CCL2 OriGene qSTAR qPCR primer pairs in human, mouse for CCL2
		Pre-validated RT² qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat CCL2
		QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat CCL2
		QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat CCL2

Flow Cytometry
Products:

eBioscience FlowRNA Probe Sets ( VA1-11041) for CCL2

Additional mRNA sequence:

AK311308.1 AK311960.1 BC009716.1 BT007329.1 M24545.1 M28226.1 S69738.1 S71513.1

X14768.1

5 DOTS entries:

DT.217745 DT.100795505 DT.100795508 DT.100795510 DT.91845238

Selected AceView cDNA sequences (see all 231):

CK902136 R80529 AI097531 BU192217 AL697816 BE671641 T29155 BE858648

AW849229 AI692798 BC009716 BM708613 AA047099 X14768 AI927247 NM_002982

BI793067 BQ224954 AI075862 BF850412 AI817756 CK902135 S71513 BM704915

GeneLoc Exon Structure

2 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for CCL2 About this scheme

ExUns:	1a	·	1b	^	2	^	3a	·	3b
SP1:
SP2:

ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for CCL2

(RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE ¹MOPED, ²PaxDb, and ³MaxQB, plus additional links to SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from QIAGEN, Primers from OriGene, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
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CCL2 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS <intensity>^2/3
CGAP TAG: GTACTAGTGT

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CCL2 expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells About this table

Data from LifeMap, the Embryonic Development and Stem Cells Database
selected tissues (see all 28) fully expand


Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (family)

Bone (Muscoskeletal System) fully expand to see all 4 entries
Bone Marrow
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells

Placenta (Extraembryonic Tissues) fully expand to see all 4 entries
Villous Cytotrophoblast Cells Chorionic Villus
Placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (family)

Lateral Plate Mesoderm (Gastrulation Derivatives) fully expand to see all 2 entries
Hematopoietic Stem Cells Aorta-Gonad-Mesonephros
PureStem E15, Meso-prx/latp Progenitor

Peripheral Nervous System (Nervous System)
Schwann Precursor Cells Peripheral Nerve Domain

CCL2 Protein expression data from MOPED¹, PaxDb² and MaxQB³:

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CCL2 Protein Expression

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.303649

Pathway & Disease-focused RT² Profiler PCR Arrays including CCL2 (see all 29):

HIV Host Response in human mouse rat

Multiple Sclerosis in human mouse rat

Wound Healing in human mouse rat

Cancer PathwayFinder in human mouse rat

Inflammasomes in human mouse rat

Primer Products:		OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for CCL2 OriGene qSTAR qPCR primer pairs in human, mouse for CCL2
		Pre-validated RT² qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat CCL2
		QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat CCL2
		QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat CCL2

In Situ
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Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for CCL2

(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD , ⁵MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or ⁶Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
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This gene was present in the common ancestor of human and mouse.

Orthologs for CCL2 gene from Selected species (see all 7) About this table

Organism	Taxonomic classification	Gene	Description	Human Similarity	Orthology Type	Details
mouse (Mus musculus)	Mammalia	Ccl2⁵ Ccl12¹	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2⁵ chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 12¹	74.49(n)¹ 66.67(a)¹		11 (49.82 cM)⁵ 20293¹ NM_011331.2¹ NP_035461.2¹ 82035571⁵

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for CCL2 (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for CCL2 (if available)

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene,
²Ensembl, and ³SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to ⁴Pseudogene.org Build 68)
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Paralogs for CCL2 gene

CCL11² CCL13² CCL7² CCL8² CCL24²

Selected SIMAP similar genes for CCL2 using alignment to 2 protein entries: CCL2_HUMAN (see all proteins) (see all similar genes):

MCP1 CCL11 CCL8 CCL7 MCP-3 CCL13

CCL3L1 CCL3L3 CCL4 CCL4L2 LOC728835 CCL4L1

CCL3 CX3CL1 CCL18 CCL26 CCL14 CCL1

Find genes that share paralogs with CCL2 About GenesLikeMe

(SNPs/Variants according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, ⁴UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD), the Human Cytochrome P450 Allele Nomenclature Database, and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays, and Copy Number PCR Arrays from QIAGEN)
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Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

CCL2_HUMAN, P13500: Genetic variations in CCL2 determine Mycobacterium tuberculosis susceptibility [MIM:607948]

SNP ID	Valid	Clinical significance	Chr 17 pos	Sequence	#	AA Chg	Type	More	#	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
Genomic Data					Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--
rs13306750^1,2	C	--	28768301(+)	`TTTAACAGCTCCT CCTTCT/-CTCTG`	1	--	int¹		1		CSA	2
rs3917887^1,2	C,F	--	28768302(+)	`TTAACAGCTCCTC CTTCTC/-TCTGT`	1	--	int¹		3		NS NA	136
rs3760399^1,2	C,F,H	--	32642751(-)	`TGGAGT/CGGCCA`	1	--	us2k¹		18		NS EA NA	1726
rs186960379^1,2		--	32642814(+)	`CAAGTC/TTAGTC`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs3917886^1,2	C,F	--	32642835(+)	`GAGATT/ACTGGA`	1	--	us2k¹		5		NS NA WA	216
rs146860606^1,2	C	--	32643006(+)	`CTCAAC/TAATGC`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs3091332^1,2	C,F	--	32643013(+)	`ATGCCA/TTTACT`	1	--	us2k¹		14		NA NS WA	918
rs139345965^1,2		--	32643089(+)	`GAAAAG/TTGTTT`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs192850664^1,2		--	32643286(+)	`CTATCA/GTATTT`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs150070022^1,2		--	32643345(+)	`TATCAA/GTGTGC`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for CCL2 (32582296 - 32584222 bp)

Structural Variations
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) 2 variations for CCL2: About this table

Variant ID	Type	Subtype	PubMed ID
nsv519297	CNV	Gain	19592680
nsv517423	CNV	Gain+Loss	19592680

Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): CCL2

Site Specific Mutation Identification with PCR Assays

SeqTarget long-range PCR primers for resequencing CCL2

DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for CCL2

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
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OMIM gene information: 158105
OMIM disorders: 609423  182940  607948
Selected diseases for CCL2 (see all 57):
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coronary artery disease, modifier of spina bifida hiv-1 tuberculosis

proliferative glomerulonephritis hiv/aids atherosclerosis acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

rheumatoid arthritis mycobacterium tuberculosis, susceptibility to infection by psoriasis scleritis

tuberculosis infection, protection against encephalitis dengue shock syndrome hiv-1 viremia

artery disease rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis pneumonia peritonitis

18 inferred disease relationships from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for CCL2:

Atherosclerosis Kidney disease Arthritis Diabetes mellitus

Heart disease Hypersensitivity reaction type II disease Asthma Cancer

Eye disease Multiple sclerosis Connective tissue disease Hypertension

Pneumonia Interstitial lung disease Endometriosis Ureteral disease

Encephalitis Peritonitis

Find genes that share disorders with CCL2 About GenesLikeMe

Selected Novoseek inferred disease relationships for CCL2 gene (see all 96) About this table

Disease	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
inflammation	86.3	568	15104334 (4), 11739289 (4), 17977946 (4), 7891256 (3) (see all 99)
necrosis	82.7	1069	15626982 (5), 7635182 (3), 15223398 (3), 16407046 (3) (see all 99)
atherosclerosis	79.6	284	17521622 (5), 15894320 (4), 15519012 (4), 12578870 (3) (see all 99)
tumors	67.6	1198	15883814 (5), 9111518 (5), 16278381 (5), 15626982 (5) (see all 99)
atherosclerotic plaque	65.6	35	14739122 (2), 16934270 (1), 19566488 (1), 19656094 (1) (see all 23)
bronchoalveolar lavage fluid	56.3	42	8890891 (3), 10515417 (2), 10489845 (2), 8616572 (1) (see all 30)
rheumatoid arthritis	56.3	60	16740681 (3), 12826377 (2), 11411959 (2), 14626631 (2) (see all 40)
lupus nephritis	53.8	45	11780369 (7), 8558841 (6), 16334978 (4), 15119544 (2) (see all 17)
cardiovascular diseases	53.7	39	19566488 (3), 15030267 (3), 15627719 (2), 11919402 (1) (see all 20)
insulin resistance	53.6	86	18762729 (5), 15349727 (4), 19361458 (4), 15063799 (3) (see all 33)

Genetic Association Database (GAD): CCL2
Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: CCL2 (260 documents)

Export disorders for CCL2 gene to outside databases

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Entrez Gene, ²UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ³HGNC, ⁴GAD, ⁵PharmGKB, ⁶HMDB, ⁷DrugBank, ⁸UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁹ Novoseek, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
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PubMed articles for CCL2 gene, integrated from 10 sources (see all 3777):
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with CCL2)

Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
world of online information

A functional promoter polymorphism in monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 is associated with increased susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis. (PubMed id 16352737)^{1, 2, 4, 9} Flores-Villanueva P.O.... Granados J. (J. Exp. Med. 2005)
Polymorphism of the monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1) gene is associated with the plasma level of MCP-1 but not with carotid intima-media thickness. (PubMed id 14620921)^{1, 4, 9} Tabara Y....Miki T. (Hypertens. Res. 2003)
The G(-2518)A polymorphism of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and its serum and peritoneal fluid levels in Korean women with endometriosis. (PubMed id 18069114)^{1, 4, 9} Kim J.Y....Kim J.G. (Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 2008)
Association of serum MCP-1 concentration and MCP-1 polymorphism with insulin resistance in Japanese individuals with obese type 2 diabetes. (PubMed id 18762729)^{1, 4, 9} Kouyama K....Kasuga M. (Kobe J Med Sci 2007)
CCL2 polymorphisms are associated with serum monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels and myocardial infarction in the Framingham Heart Study. (PubMed id 16116069)^{1, 4, 9} McDermott D.H....Benjamin E.J. (Circulation 2005)
MCP-1 gene (SCYA2) and schizophrenia: a case-control association study. (PubMed id 15389752)^{1, 4, 9} Mundo E....Gennarelli M. (Am. J. Med. Genet. B Neuropsychiatr. Genet. 2005)
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) gene polymorphism and risk of Alzheimer's disease in Italians. (PubMed id 15288699)^{1, 4, 9} Pola R....Pola P. (Exp. Gerontol. 2004)
MCP1 -2518 polymorphism and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Taiwanese men. (PubMed id 20497022)^{1, 4, 9} Liu S.F....Lin M.C. (Exp. Lung Res. 2010)
MCP-1 and RANTES polymorphisms in Korean diabetic end-stage renal disease. (PubMed id 17728497)^{1, 4, 9} Joo K.W....Ahn C. (J. Korean Med. Sci. 2007)
Association study of genetic variants of pro-inflammatory chemokine and cytokine genes in systemic lupus erythematosus. (PubMed id 16719905)^{1, 4, 9} SA!nchez E....Koeleman B.P. (BMC Med. Genet. 2006)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
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		AND	OR
Aliases
Disorders
Free Text

Query String		PubMed OMIM NCBI Bookshelf
	(Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
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Entrez Gene: 6347	HGNC: 10618	AceView: CCL2	Ensembl:ENSG00000108691	euGenes: HUgn6347
ECgene: CCL2	Kegg: 6347	H-InvDB: CCL2

(According to HUGE)
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(According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, UniProtKB/TrEMBL, and/or others, e.g. Wikipedia and GeneReviews, via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
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Name	Description
PharmGKB entry for CCL2	Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
ATLAS Chromosomes in Cancer entry for CCL2	Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
Wikipedia	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCL2
SeattleSNPs	http://pga.gs.washington.edu/data/scya2/

Intellectual Property for CCL2 gene
(Patent information from GeneIP, Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts, IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)

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Patent Information for CCL2 gene:
Search GeneIP for patents involving CCL2

Licensable Technologies for CCL2 gene:

Weizmann Institute:

CCL2 for the Treatment of Inflammation

GeneCards and IP:
Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards Improving the IP Search

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CCL2 Gene

Chemokine (C-C Motif) Ligand 2

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CCL2 (Gene Symbol)
Chemokine (C-C Motif) Ligand 2
SCYA2
Monocyte Chemotactic And Activating Factor
Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 1
Monocyte Secretory Protein JE
MCAF
MCP1
Small Inducible Cytokine A2 (Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 1, Homologous To Mouse Sig-Je)
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1
Small-Inducible Cytokine A2
HC11
MCP-1
Homologous To Mouse Sig-Je
Member 2
Small Inducible Cytokine Subfamily A (Cys-Cys)
GDCF-2
HSMCR30
SMC-CF
C-C Motif Chemokine 2
Small Inducible Cytokine Subfamily A (Cys-Cys), Member 2

Microalbuminuria
Nephritis
sepsis
Endometriosis
Nephropathy Membranous
Dermatitis Atopic
insulin sensitivity
Vitreoretinopathy Proliferative
Atherosclerosis
Rh Incompatibility
Neovascularization
ALVEOLITIS
Asthma
cell damage
NEPHROPATHY OBSTRUCTIVE
Uveitis
Coronary Atherosclerosis
Dyslipidemia
RENAL DISEASE
Osteolysis
Nasal Polyps
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid
Sarcoidosis Pulmonary
Nephropathy IGA
Multiple Sclerosis
HNSCC
Inflammation
glomerulosclerosis
Demyelinating Diseases
Diabetic Nephropathies
PULMONARY GRANULOMA
Proteinuria
Monocytic leukemia
Hyperhomocysteinemia
immunodeficiency
Psoriasis
HIV encephalitis
Pulmonary Disease Chronic Obstructive
Hepatitis Alcoholic
aqueous humor
Sarcoidosis
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Pneumonia
bacterial peritonitis
Tumors
Cardiovascular Diseases
Kawasaki Disease
Necrosis
Asthma allergic
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Carotid Atherosclerosis
virus infection
TRANSFUSION REACTION HEMOLYTIC
FIBROSIS IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY
Coal workers pneumoconiosis
Nephrotic Syndrome Minimal Change
Encephalomyelitis
Autoimmune Diseases
Pulmonary Fibrosis
Vasculitis
Hyperplasia
atherosclerotic plaque
Liver Fibrosis
Lung Diseases Interstitial
Periapical Granuloma
Bacterial Infections
Osteoarthritis
Arterial Occlusive Diseases
Renal fibrosis
Myopathies Idiopathic Inflammatory
Leukemia Mast Cell
Arteriosclerosis
Proliferative glomerulonephritis
Albuminuria
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Coronary Artery Disease
Aortic Aneurysm Abdominal
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Response Acute Phase
Insulin Resistance
Chronic periodontitis
OBESITY
Lung diseases
restenosis
Vascular Diseases
Granuloma
Lupus Nephritis
Pleurisy Tuberculous
Glomerulonephritis
NIDDM
Sclerosis Systemic
Peritonitis
Encephalitis
CNS Diseases
Arthritis
Lupus Erythematosus Systemic

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CCL2 Gene

Chemokine (C-C Motif) Ligand 2

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