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Category   Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21
GIFtS

CASR Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 68
GCID: GC03P121820

calcium-sensing receptor

(Previous name: hypocalciuric hypercalcemia 1 )
(Previous symbols: HHC, HHC1)
 Explore 113 diseases affiliated with
CASR via our new
 Human Malady Compendium 
Biological research products
for CASR
    

(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc, 7Ensembl, 8DME, 9miRBase, and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
Calcium-Sensing Receptor1 2     EIG82 5
GPRC2A1 2 3     FIH2 5
HHC11 2 5     Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia 11
PCAR12 3 5     CAR2
FHH1 2     Extracellular Calcium-Sensing Receptor2
HHC1 2     Parathyroid Ca(2+)-Sensing Receptor 12
NSHPT1 2     CaSR3
Parathyroid Cell Calcium-Sensing Receptor2 3     PCaR13

External Ids:    HGNC: 15141   Entrez Gene: 8462   Ensembl: ENSG000000368287   OMIM: 6011995   UniProtKB: P411803   

Export aliases for CASR gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC03P118638 GC03P123183 GC03P123223 GC03P123385 GC03P119276


(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for CASR:
The protein encoded by this gene is a G protein-coupled receptor that is expressed in the parathyroid hormone
(PTH)-producing chief cells of the parathyroid gland, and the cells lining the kidney tubule. It senses small changes
in circulating calcium concentration and couples this information to intracellular signaling pathways that modify PTH
secretion or renal cation handling, thus this protein plays an essential role in maintaining mineral ion homeostasis.
Mutations in this gene cause familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, familial, isolated hypoparathyroidism, and neonatal
severe primary hyperparathyroidism. (provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: CASR_HUMAN, P41180
Function: Senses changes in the extracellular concentration of calcium ions. The activity of this receptor is mediated
by a G-protein that activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system

summary for CASR:
Activation of an ERK signaling pathway often involves regulation of cell division, migration and survival;
dysregulation of these pathways has been associated with various diseases, including cancer. ERK signaling
has also been linked to the positive regulation of synaptic plasticity and long-term potentiation (LTP).

Gene Wiki entry for CASR (Calcium-sensing receptor)


(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000003.11  NC_018914.1  NT_005612.16  
Regulatory elements:
   SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the CASR gene promoter:
         AP-1   POU2F1   Pax-5   FOXO4   POU2F1a   HFH-1   Ik-3   GATA-1   
         Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmidCASR promoter sequence
   Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for CASR

Epigenetics:
QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat CASR


Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 3q13   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  3q21.1   HGNC cytogenetic band: 3q21.1

CASR Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
CASR gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 3         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC03P121820:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
121,902,530 bp from pter      End:
122,005,344 bp from pter
Size:
102,815 bases      Orientation:
plus strand

(According to 1UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: CASR_HUMAN, P41180 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: Extracellular calcium-sensing receptor precursor  
Size: 1078 amino acids; 120674 Da
Subunit: Interacts with VCP and RNF19A. Interacts with ARRB1 (By similarity)
Subcellular location: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein
Secondary accessions: Q13912 Q16108 Q16109 Q16110 Q16379 Q2M1T0 Q4PJ19
Alternative splicing: 2 isoforms:  P41180-1   P41180-2   

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for CASR: NX_P41180

Post-translational modifications:

  • N-glycosylated1
  • Ubiquitinated by RNF19A; which induces proteasomal degradation1
  • View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus2
  • View neXtProt modification sites for NX_P41180

  • CASR Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb:    About this image 
    Estimated protein expression log10 (pmol).

    REFSEQ proteins (2 alternative transcripts): 
    NP_000379.2  NP_001171536.1  

    ENSEMBL proteins: 
     ENSP00000418685   ENSP00000420194   ENSP00000296154  
    Reactome Protein details: P41180
    Human Recombinant Protein Products: 
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    Novus Biologicals CASR Proteins
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    Uscn Proteins for CASR

    Gene Ontology (GO): 3 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005886plasma membrane TAS--
    GO:0005887integral to plasma membrane TAS7759551
    GO:0016021integral to membrane ----


    CASR for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



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    Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for CASR


    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section

    CASR for domains           About GeneDecksing

    5 InterPro domains/families:
     IPR011500 GPCR_3_9-Cys_dom
     IPR000337 GPCR_3
     IPR017979 GPCR_3_CS
     IPR017978 GPCR_3_C
     IPR001828 ANF_lig-bd_rcpt

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P41180

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: P41180

    3 Blocks protein families:
    IPB000068 Extracellular calcium-sensing receptor signature
    IPB000337 G-protein coupled receptors family 3 (Metabotropic glutamate receptor-like)
    IPB001828 Extracellular ligand-binding receptor


    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: CASR_HUMAN, P41180
    Similarity: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 3 family


    (According to 1UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or 2DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
    bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section

    Function Summary:

         UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: CASR_HUMAN, P41180
    Function: Senses changes in the extracellular concentration of calcium ions. The activity of this receptor is mediated
    by a G-protein that activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system

         Genatlas biochemistry entry for CASR:
    extracellular calcium sensing receptor gene 1,bovine homolog,expressed in parathyroid cells,C cells of thyroid,also
    expressed in kidney on the basolateral surface of cells of the thick ascending limbs,and on the luminal surface of
    cells of the papillary collecting duct,also expressed in the brain,in pancreatic islet B cells and putatively involved
    in the regulation of insulin release,G protein coupled receptor superfamily,activating phospholipase C

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    8/16 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate CASR (see all 16):
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    Gene Ontology (GO): 3 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0004435phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C activity TAS7874174
    GO:0004930G-protein coupled receptor activity IEA--
    GO:0005515protein binding IPI--


    CASR for ontologies           About GeneDecksing


    Animal Models:
         Mouse knock-out Casrtm1Ces for CASR
         15/16 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 9 alleles(MGI details for Casr) (see all 16):
     behavior/neurological  cellular  digestive/alimentary  endocrine/exocrine gland  growth/size 
     hematopoietic system  homeostasis/metabolism  immune system  integument  mortality/aging 
     muscle  other  pigmentation  renal/urinary system  skeleton 

    CASR for phenotypes           About GeneDecksing


    (Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, 3I2D, and/or 4STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
    About This Section

    Unified GeneCards pathways - 5/6 super-pathways (see all 6About this table 
    See pathways by source

    Super-pathwaycontained gene-specific pathways
    1Signaling by GPCR
    Signaling by GPCR1.00
    Signal Transduction0.56
    GPCR downstream signaling0.89
    2Class C/3 (Metabotropic glutamate/pheromone receptors)
    Class C/3 (Metabotropic glutamate/pheromone receptors)1.00
    GPCRs, Class C Metabotropic glutamate, pheromone0.58
    3G alpha (q) signalling events
    G alpha (q) signalling events1.00
    Gastrin-CREB signalling pathway via PKC and MAPK0.90
    4Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors)
    GPCR ligand binding0.75
    G alpha (i) signalling events0.44
    5Proton Pump Inhibitor Pathway, Pharmacodynamics
    Proton Pump Inhibitor Pathway, Pharmacodynamics1.00

    Pathway sources
    See GeneCards unified pathways
    Show all pathways


    2 BioSystems Pathways for CASR 
        GPCRs, Class C Metabotropic glutamate, pheromone
    E-cadherin signaling in keratinocytes

    5/8        Reactome Pathways for CASR (see all 8)
        GPCR downstream signaling
    Signal Transduction
    Gastrin-CREB signalling pathway via PKC and MAPK
    G alpha (q) signalling events
    Class C/3 (Metabotropic glutamate/pheromone receptors)

    1 PharmGKB Pathway for CASR
        Proton Pump Inhibitor Pathway, Pharmacodynamics


    CASR for pathways           About GeneDecksing

    Interactions:

        SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for CASR

    STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 25)

    5/258 Interacting proteins for CASR (P411801, 3 ENSP000002961544) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 258)
    InteractantInteraction Details
    GeneCardExternal ID(s)
    RNF19AQ9NV583, ENSP000003426674I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000342667
    CHD8Q9HCK83, ENSP000004062884I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000406288
    PRKCBP057713, ENSP000003053554I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000305355
    PRKCGP051293, ENSP000002634314I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000263431
    VCPP550723, ENSP000003517774I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000351777
    About this table

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/10 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 10):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0001503ossification TAS7874174
    GO:0005513detection of calcium ion TAS7759551
    GO:0006874cellular calcium ion homeostasis TAS7874174
    GO:0007186G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway TAS7759551
    GO:0007635chemosensory behavior TAS7759551


    CASR for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
    About This Section

    CASR for compounds           About GeneDecksing

    Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore
    Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

    Compounds for CASR available from Tocris Bioscience    About this table
    CompoundAction CAS #
    Calhex 231Negative allosteric modulator of the calcium-sensing receptor[652973-93-8]
    NPS 2143 hydrochlorideSelective antagonist of the calcium-sensing receptor; orally active calcilytic agent[284035-33-2]
    R 568 hydrochloridePositive allosteric modulator of the human calcium-sensing receptor[177172-49-5]

    1 HMDB Compound for CASR    About this table
    CompoundSynonyms CAS #PubMed Ids
    CalciumCa (see all 2)7440-70-2--

    1 DrugBank Compound for CASR    About this table
    CompoundSynonyms CAS #TypeActionsPubMed Ids
    Cinacalcet-- 226256-56-0targetagonist16030053 19461861 15884662 19181759 15864123 11752352 15794735 19056615 19261825 16109140

    10/58 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for CASR gene (see all 58)    About this table
    Compound   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    cinacalcet 93.3 34 15864123 (2), 15794735 (1), 18634360 (1), 15689407 (1) (see all 26)
    calcium 84.6 1733 16316325 (7), 12815330 (7), 17693759 (7), 17054460 (6) (see all 99)
    vitamin d 79.9 116 19621386 (6), 19706842 (3), 10971456 (3), 16109139 (2) (see all 66)
    calcitriol 71 13 18556746 (2), 10372837 (1), 12386262 (1), 18199601 (1) (see all 10)
    22-oxacalcitriol 68.1 1 11799271 (1)
    prepro-pth 67.6 1 9916869 (1)
    strontium ranelate 65.4 16 19563530 (2), 15985213 (1), 17437947 (1), 18378206 (1)
    neomycin 64.6 18 17537980 (2), 19088423 (2), 18096456 (1), 18577871 (1) (see all 11)
    phosphorus 61.7 11 15794735 (1), 16232374 (1), 19560849 (1), 8076142 (1) (see all 8)
    sevelamer 58.3 1 15669206 (1)

    Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about CASR 

    (Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
    GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
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    About This Section

    REFSEQ mRNAs for CASR gene (2 alternative transcripts): 
    NM_000388.3  NM_001178065.1  

    Unigene Cluster for CASR:

    Calcium-sensing receptor
    Hs.435615  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_001178065
    4 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:
    ENST00000490131 ENST00000498619(uc003eev.4 uc003eew.4) ENST00000490186
    ENST00000296154

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    Additional cDNA sequence: 

    BC104999.1 BC112236.1 D50855.1 FJ360896.1 S79217.1 S81755.1 S83176.1 U20759.1 
    U20760.1 

    5 DOTS entries:

    DT.91724033  DT.313332  DT.97825513  DT.306656  DT.40259118 

    24/53 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 53):

    AA297525 NM_000388 S83176 AA781707 W56898 BV183242 AA724807 AA854191 
    AI052051 AI434785 D50855 AA862999 AA782127 BM052703 BX100952 AA843293 
    BF439436 AA844290 AI766210 AI025954 AI079788 AA846660 CD608329 U20759 

    GeneLoc Exon Structure

    2 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for CASR    About this scheme

    ExUns: 1 ^ 2 ^ 3 ^ 4 ^ 5a · 5b ^ 6
    SP1:                                          
    SP2:                          -               


    ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for CASR

    (RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
    PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
    About This Section

    CASR expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
    See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
    About this imageBioGPS
    CGAP TAG: GCTTCGTCAT

    Microarray
    RNAseq (Illumina Body Map)
    (100×FPKM)½
    SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression)

    About this image
    See CASR Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
    Genevestigator expression for CASR

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.435615

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: CASR_HUMAN, P41180
    Tissue specificity: Expressed in the temporal lobe, frontal lobe, parietal lobe, hippocampus, and cerebellum. Also
    found in kidney, lung, liver, heart, skeletal muscle, placenta

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    In Situ
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    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD , 5MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or 6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
    About This Section

    This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.

    Orthologs for CASR gene from 3/15 species (see all 15)    About this table
    Organism Taxonomic
    classification
    Gene Description Human
    Similarity
    Orthology
    Type
    Details
    chicken
    (Gallus gallus)
    Aves CASR1 calcium-sensing receptor 80.34(n)
    87.45(a)
      418266  XM_416491.3  XP_416491.3 
    lizard
    (Anolis carolinensis)
    Reptilia CASR6
    --
    84(a)
    1 ↔ 1
    GL343218.1(266084-303937)
    zebrafish
    (Danio rerio)
    Actinopterygii LOC5606071 extracellular calcium-sensing receptor-like 70.46(n)
    76.06(a)
      560607  XM_684005.2  XP_689097.1 


    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for CASR (if available)
    TreeFam Gene Tree for CASR (if available) 

    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene,
    2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
    About This Section
    Paralogs for CASR gene
    TAS1R22  TAS1R32  TAS1R12  GPRC6A2  
    14 SIMAP similar genes for CASR using alignment to 10 protein entries:     CASR_HUMAN (see all proteins):
    GPCR    GRM8    GRM2    GRM7    GPRC6A    TAS1R1
    GRM3    GRM5    GRM4    GRM1    GRM6    TAS1R3
    TAS1R2    DKFZp686H1993

    CASR for paralogs           About GeneDecksing


    5/10 Pseudogenes.org Pseudogenes for CASR (see all 10)
    PGOHUM00000242293 PGOHUM00000234432 PGOHUM00000234434 PGOHUM00000234453 PGOHUM00000238241


    (SNPs/Variants according to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
    About This Section

    10/2113 NCBI SNPs in CASR are shown (see all 2113    About this table
    Genomic DataTranscription Related DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidClinical
    significance
    Chr 3 posSequence#AA
    Chg
    TypeMore#Allele
    freq
    PopTotal
    sample
    More
    ----------
    rs98699851,2
    C,F,A,H,non-pathogenic121976253(+) CTCAGA/GCGGGG 2 -- int128Minor allele frequency- G:0.08NS EA NA WA CSA EU 3736
    rs1048937041,2
    Cpathogenic129127773(+) ACGCTC/TTCAAG 4 L F mis10--------
    rs1048937061,2
    Cpathogenic129127886(+) CCTGGA/CAGCCA 4 E A mis10--------
    rs1048937101,2
    Cpathogenic129127955(+) GATCTC/TCTTCA 4 S F mis10--------
    rs1048936931,2
    Cpathogenic129127997(+) CAAGTA/C/TCATCA 6 Y S F mis10--------
    rs1048937011,2
    Cpathogenic129128051(+) CTGCTG/TCTTCT 4 C F mis10--------
    rs1048937111,2
    Cpathogenic129128052(+) TCTGCC/TTCTTC 4 L F mis10--------
    rs1048937181,2
    Cpathogenic129128234(+) CCTGCA/TGGTTT 4 Q L mis10--------
    rs1048937001,2
    Cpathogenic129128405(+) CATCGA/GGGAGC 4 E G mis10--------
    rs1048937051,2
    Cpathogenic129128472(+) CCAACC/TGAGAG 4 R * stg10--------

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for CASR (121902530 - 122005344 bp)
    Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
    Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 3 variations for CASR
         3 CNVs: 50916 7357 91502
    Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): CASR

    Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB): CASR

    SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays
    QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing CASR
    DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for CASR

    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section

    CASR for disorders           About GeneDecksing

    OMIM gene information: 601199   
    OMIM disorders: 145980  239200  146200  612899  
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: CASR_HUMAN, P41180
  • Defects in CASR are the cause of familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia type 1 (FHH) [MIM:145980]. FHH is
  • characterized by altered calcium homeostasis. Affected individuals exhibit mild or modest hypercalcemia, relative
    hypocalciuria, and inappropriately normal PTH levels
  • Defects in CASR are the cause of neonatal severe primary hyperparathyroidism (NSHPT) [MIM:239200]. NSHPT is a
  • rare autosomal recessive life-threatening disorder characterized by very high serum calcium concentrations, skeletal
    demineralization, and parathyroid hyperplasia. In some instances NSHPT has been demonstrated to be the homozygous form
    of FHH
  • Defects in CASR are a cause of familial isolated hypoparathyroidism (FIH) [MIM:146200]; also called autosomal
  • dominant hypoparathyroidism or autosomal dominant hypocalcemia. FIH is characterized by hypocalcemia and
    hyperphosphatemia due to inadequate secretion of parathyroid hormone. Symptoms are seizures, tetany and cramps. An
    autosomal recessive form of FIH also exists
  • Defects in CASR are the cause of epilepsy, idiopathic generalized type 8 (EIG8) [MIM:612899]. A disorder
  • characterized by recurring generalized seizures in the absence of detectable brain lesions and/or metabolic
    abnormalities. Seizure types are variable, but include myoclonic seizures, absence seizures, febrile seizures, complex
    partial seizures, and generalized tonic-clonic seizures
  • Note=Homozygous defects in CASR can be a cause of primary hyperparathyroidism in adulthood. Patients suffer
  • from osteoporosis and renal calculi, have marked hypercalcemia and increased serum PTH concentrations

    20/113 diseases for CASR (see all 113):    About MalaCards
    hypocalciuric hypercalcemia    hypercalcemia    familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia    hyperparathyroidism
    hypocalcemia, autosomal dominant    hypoparathyroidism    hypocalcemia, autosomal dominant, with bartter syndrome    primary hyperparathyroidism
    hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, type i    epilepsy, idiopathic generalized, susceptibility to, 8    osteitis fibrosa    hypercalciuria, absorptive
    familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia type 1    hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome    hypocalcemia    autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1
    autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome    multiple endocrine neoplasia    hypoparathyroidism, autosomal dominant    diabetes insipidus

    9 diseases from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for CASR:
    Hyperparathyroidism     Hypercalcemia     Hypoparathyroidism     Kidney disease
    Hemochromatosis     Hyperphosphatemia     Osteoporosis     Parathyroid carcinoma
    Calcinosis

    10/85 Novoseek disease relationships for CASR gene (see all 85)    About this table

    Disease   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    hypocalcemia, autosomal dominant 95.9 48 15551332 (4), 11013439 (2), 17664687 (2), 11289719 (2) (see all 25)
    nshpt 95 31 17555508 (3), 9253359 (3), 9217223 (2), 9109436 (1) (see all 21)
    hyperparathyroidism secondary 90.6 38 11044218 (2), 19839774 (2), 16109139 (1), 15466262 (1) (see all 31)
    hypercalcemia 89.8 155 10468915 (5), 19694204 (3), 15241791 (3), 11857921 (3) (see all 83)
    hyperparathyroidism 87.9 79 8675635 (2), 16596260 (2), 11668634 (2), 12173690 (2) (see all 49)
    hypocalcemia 87.3 52 8813042 (3), 19915295 (3), 9920108 (2), 16596058 (2) (see all 30)
    hypoparathyroidism 86.4 75 14713274 (3), 15356052 (2), 8813042 (2), 16983178 (2) (see all 44)
    hyperparathyroidism primary 82.6 30 19520070 (4), 19567535 (2), 17853337 (1), 20164288 (1) (see all 21)
    hypercalciuria 81.9 44 17332735 (3), 12239240 (2), 15613438 (2), 8813042 (2) (see all 24)
    hyperphosphatemia 78.3 2 15490408 (1), 19580466 (1)

    Genetic Association Database (GAD): CASR
    Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: CASR (81 documents)

    Export disorders for CASR gene to outside databases

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Entrez Gene, 2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 3HGNC, 4GAD, 5PharmGKB, 6HMDB, 7DrugBank, 8UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 9 Novoseek, and/or 10fRNAdb)
    About This Section

    PubMed articles for CASR gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 770):
    (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with CASR)
        Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
    world of online information

    1. Blood ionized calcium is associated with clustered polymorphisms in the carboxyl-terminal tail of the calcium-sensing receptor. (PubMed id 15531522)1, 2, 4, 9 Scillitani A....Cole D.E. (2004)
    2. Genetic testing in familial isolated hyperparathyroidism: unexpected results and their implications. (PubMed id 14985373)1, 2, 4, 9 Warner J....Cardinal J. (2004)
    3. Association between total serum calcium and the A986S polymorphism of the calcium-sensing receptor gene. (PubMed id 11161843)1, 2, 4, 9 Cole D.E.C....Rubin L.A. (2001)
    4. Molecular cloning of a putative Ca(2+)-sensing receptor cDNA from human kidney. (PubMed id 7677761)1, 2, 3 Aida K.... Onaya T. (1995)
    5. Identification of a novel inactivating R465Q mutation of the calcium- sensing receptor. (PubMed id 16598859)1, 2, 9 Leech C.... Spitzweg C. (2006)
    6. Expression of a calcium-sensing receptor in a human medullary thyroid carcinoma cell line and its contribution to calcitonin secretion. (PubMed id 8756555)1, 2, 9 Freichel M....Raue F. (1996)
    7. An idiopathic epilepsy syndrome linked to 3q13.3-q21 and missense mutations in the extracellular calcium sensing receptor gene. (PubMed id 18756473)1, 2, 9 Kapoor A....Anand A. (2008)
    8. Impaired cotranslational processing of the calcium-sensing receptor due to signal peptide missense mutations in familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia. (PubMed id 15879434)1, 2, 9 Pidasheva S.... Hendy G.N. (2005)
    9. Association of genetic variants in the calcium-sensing receptor with risk of colorectal adenoma. (PubMed id 15598778)1, 4, 9 Peters U....Hayes R.B. (2004)
    10. Calcium sensing receptor gene polymorphism, circulating calcium concentrations and bone mineral density in healthy adolescent girls. (PubMed id 11248745)1, 4, 9 Lorentzon M....Nordstrom P. (2001)

    (in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
    About This Section
     ANDOR
    Aliases
    Disorders
    Free Text  

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    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
    About This Section
    Entrez Gene: 846 HGNC: 1514 AceView: CASR Ensembl:ENSG00000036828 euGenes: HUgn846
    ECgene: CASR H-InvDB: CASR

    (According to HUGE)
    About This Section
      --

    (According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
    Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
    About This Section
    NameDescription
    PharmGKB entry for CASR Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
    GeneReviewshttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/GeneTests/lab/gene/CASR
    SeattleSNPshttp://pga.gs.washington.edu/data/casr/

    (Patent information from GeneIP,
    Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts,
    IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)
    About This Section
    Patent Information for CASR gene:
    Search GeneIP for patents involving CASR

    GeneCards and IP:
    Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     Improving the IP Search



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     Regulatory tfbs in CASR promoter
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