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Category Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21

GIFtS
-

BST2 Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 55
GCID: GC19M017502

bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2

Explore 19 diseases affiliated with
BST2 via

MalaCards

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Human Malady Compendium

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Antigen 2¹ ²		NPC-A-7²
CD317¹ ²		TETHERIN²
BST-2² ³		Bone Marrow Stromal Antigen 2²
HM1.24 Antigen² ³		Tetherin³
Tetherin³		CD317 Antigen³

External Ids:	HGNC: 1119¹	Entrez Gene: 684²	Ensembl: ENSG00000130303⁷	OMIM: 600534⁵	UniProtKB: Q10589³

Export aliases for BST2 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC19M018007 GC19M017906 GC19M017358 GC19M017374 GC19M017080

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for BST2:

Bone marrow stromal cells are involved in the growth and development of B-cells. The specific function of the protein

encoded by the bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 is undetermined; however, this protein may play a role in pre-B-cell

growth and in rheumatoid arthritis. (provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: BST2_HUMAN, Q10589

Function: IFN-induced antiviral host restriction factor which efficiently blocks the release of diverse mammalian

enveloped viruses by directly tethering nascent virions to the membranes of infected cells. Acts as a direct physical

tether, holding virions to the cell membrane and linking virions to each other. The tethered virions can be

internalized by endocytosis and subsequently degraded or they can remain on the cell surface. In either case, their

spread as cell-free virions is restricted. Its target viruses belong to diverse families, including retroviridae:

human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2), simian immunodeficiency

viruses (SIVs), equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), prototype foamy virus

(PFV), Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (MPMV), human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) and

murine leukemia virus (MLV), flavivirideae: hepatitis C virus (HCV), filoviridae: ebola virus (EBOV) and marburg virus

(MARV), arenaviridae: lassa virus (LASV) and machupo virus (MACV), herpesviridae: kaposis sarcoma-associated

herpesvirus (KSHV), rhabdoviridae: vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), orthomyxoviridae: influenza A virus, and

paramyxoviridae: nipah virus. Can inhibit cell surface proteolytic activity of MMP14 causing decreased activation of

MMP15 which results in inhibition of cell growth and migration. Can stimulate signaling by LILRA4/ILT7 and

consequently provide negative feedback to the production of IFN by plasmacytoid dendritic cells in response to viral

infection. Plays a role in the organization of the subapical actin cytoskeleton in polarized epithelial cells

Gene Wiki entry for BST2 (Tetherin)

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000019.9 NC_018930.1 NT_011295.11

Regulatory elements:

SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the BST2 gene promoter:
STAT1 AP-1 ATF-2 STAT1beta CUTL1 STAT1alpha PPAR-gamma1 PPAR-gamma2 c-Jun
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmids (see all 2): BST2 promoter sequence

Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for BST2

Epigenetics:

QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat BST2

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 19p13.1 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 19p13.11 HGNC cytogenetic band: 19p13.2

BST2 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
BST2 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 19 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC19M017502: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	17,513,748 bp from pter	End:	17,516,457 bp from pter
Size:	2,710 bases	Orientation:	minus strand

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to ²PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: BST2_HUMAN, Q10589 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor

Size: 180 amino acids; 19769 Da

Subunit: Parallel homodimer; disulfide-linked. May form homotetramers under reducing conditions. Dimerization is

essential for its antiviral activity. Interacts (via cytoplasmic domain) with ARHGAP44 (By similarity). Interacts with

MMP14 (via C-terminal cytoplasmic tail). Interacts with LILRA4/ILT7. Interacts (via transmembrane domain) with HIV-1

VPU (via transmembrane domain). Interacts with HIV-2 ENV and ebola GP protein

Subcellular location: Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network. Cell membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein. Cell

membrane; Lipid-anchor, GPI-anchor. Late endosome. Membrane raft. Cytoplasm. Apical cell membrane (By similarity).

Note=Shuttles between the cell membrane, where it is present predominantly in membrane/lipid rafts, and the

trans-Golgi network. HIV-1 VPU and HIV-2 ENV can target it to the trans-Golgi network thus sequestering it away from

virus assembly sites on the cell membrane. Targeted to late endosomes upon KSHV infection and subsequent

ubiquitination. Forms a complex with MMP14 and localizes to the cytoplasm

Miscellaneous: Tetherin shows evidence of positive (adaptive) selection, presumably as a result of evolutionary

pressure applied by antagonistic viral proteins that counteract its inhibitiory activity and this has led to the

species-specific tetherin sensitivity to viral countermeasures. For example, Tantalus monkey tetherin cannot be

abrogated by HIV-1 VPU due to variation in the tetherin transmembrane region. Similarly, SIV Nefs are able to overcome

simian tetherins, but not human tetherin, due to a unique 5-amino-acid deletion in the cytoplasmic tail domain of

human tetherin (PubMed:19917491)

6/8 PDB 3D structures from and Proteopedia for BST2 (see all 8):

2LK9 (3D)

2X7A (3D)

2XG7 (3D)

3MQ7 (3D)

3MQ9 (3D)

3MQB (3D)

Secondary accessions: A8K4Y4 Q53G07

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for BST2: NX_Q10589

Post-translational modifications:

Monoubiquitinated by KSHV E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase K5, leading to its targeting to late endosomes and degradation¹

The GPI anchor is essential for its antiviral activity¹

View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus²

View neXtProt modification sites for NX_Q10589

BST2 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb: About this image

REFSEQ proteins: NP_004326.1

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000252593

Human Recombinant Protein Products for BST2:

	Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at EMD Millipore
	Browse R&D Systems for human recombinant proteins
	Browse recombinant and purified proteins available from Enzo Life Sciences
	OriGene Purified Protein: BST2 OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysate: BST2 OriGene Custom Protein Services for BST2
	GenScript Custom Purified and Recombinant Proteins Services for BST2
	Novus Biologicals BST2 Proteins Novus Biologicals BST2 Lysates
	Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
	ProSpec Recombinant Protein for BST2
	Uscn Proteins for BST2

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/10 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 10): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005737	colocalizes with cytoplasm	IDA	--
GO:0005770	late endosome	IEA	--
GO:0005794	Golgi apparatus	IEA	--
GO:0005886	plasma membrane	IDA	19036818
GO:0005887	integral to plasma membrane	TAS	7607676

BST2 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

BST2 Antibody Products:

	EMD Millipore Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies for the study of BST2
	R&D Systems Antibodies for BST2 (BST2/Tetherin)
	OriGene Antibodies: BST2 OriGene Custom Antibody Services for BST2
	GenScript Custom Superior Antibodies Services for BST2
	Novus Biologicals BST2 Antibodies
	Abcam antibodies for BST2
	Uscn Antibodies for BST2
	ThermoFisher Antibodies for BST2

Assay Products for BST2:

	Browse Kits and Assays available from EMD Millipore
	OriGene Custom Immunoassay Development Browse OriGene Fluorogenic Cell Assay Kits
	Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
	GenScript Custom Assay Services for BST2
	Browse Enzo Life Sciences for kits & assays
	Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for BST2

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

BST2 for domains About GeneDecksing

1 InterPro domain/family:

IPR024886 BST2

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry Q10589

ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q10589

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: BST2_HUMAN, Q10589

Domain: The extracellular coiled coil domain forms an extended 170 A long semi-flexible rod-like structure important

for virion retention at the cell surface and prevention of virus spreading

Similarity: Belongs to the tetherin family

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013, inGenious Targeting Laboratory,
bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase, shRNA from OriGene, Sirion Biotech, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Sirion Biotech, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, Sirion Biotech, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Molecular Function:

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary: BST2_HUMAN, Q10589