ARRB2 Gene
protein-coding GIFtS: 63
GCID: GC17P004613
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|
arrestin, beta 2
(Previous symbol: ARR2)
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Aliases
for ARRB2 gene
(According to
1HGNC,
2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot,
4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc,
7Ensembl,
8DME,
9miRBase,
and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section
|
| Aliases |
|---|
| Arrestin, Beta 21 2 | | ARB22 3 | | ARR21 2 3 | | DKFZp686L03651 | | BARR21 2 | | Arrestin 32 | | Arrestin Beta-22 3 | | Beta-Arrestin-21 |
Export aliases for ARRB2 gene to outside databasesPrevious GC identifers: GC17P005040 GC17P004959 GC17P004564 GC17P004820 GC17P004560 GC17P004502 |
Summaries
for ARRB2 gene(According to Entrez Gene,
Tocris Bioscience,
Wikipedia's
Gene Wiki,
PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot,
and/or
UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section
|
Entrez Gene summary for ARRB2:
Members of arrestin/beta-arrestin protein family are thought to participate in agonist-mediated desensitization ofG-protein-coupled receptors and cause specific dampening of cellular responses to stimuli such as hormones,neurotransmitters, or sensory signals. Arrestin beta 2, like arrestin beta 1, was shown to inhibit beta-adrenergicreceptor function in vitro. It is expressed at high levels in the central nervous system and may play a role in theregulation of synaptic receptors. Besides the brain, a cDNA for arrestin beta 2 was isolated from thyroid gland, andthus it may also be involved in hormone-specific desensitization of TSH receptors. Multiple alternatively splicedtranscript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. (provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012)
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: ARRB2_HUMAN, P32121Function: Functions in regulating agonist-mediated G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling by mediating bothreceptor desensitization and resensitization processes. During homologous desensitization, beta-arrestins bind to theGPRK-phosphorylated receptor and sterically preclude its coupling to the cognate G-protein; the binding appears torequire additional receptor determinants exposed only in the active receptor conformation. The beta-arrestins targetmany receptors for internalization by acting as endocytic adapters (CLASPs, clathrin-associated sorting proteins) andrecruiting the GPRCs to the adapter protein 2 complex 2 (AP-2) in clathrin-coated pits (CCPs). However, the extent ofbeta-arrestin involvement appears to vary significantly depending on the receptor, agonist and cell type. Internalizedarrestin-receptor complexes traffic to intracellular endosomes, where they remain uncoupled from G-proteins. Twodifferent modes of arrestin-mediated internalization occur. Class A receptors, like ADRB2, OPRM1, ENDRA, D1AR andADRA1B dissociate from beta-arrestin at or near the plasma membrane and undergo rapid recycling. Class B receptors,like AVPR2, AGTR1, NTSR1, TRHR and TACR1 internalize as a complex with arrestin and traffic with it to endosomalvesicles, presumably as desensitized receptors, for extended periods of time. Receptor resensitization then requiresthat receptor-bound arrestin is removed so that the receptor can be dephosphorylated and returned to the plasmamembrane. Mediates endocytosis of CCR7 following ligation of CCL19 but not CCL21. Involved in internalization ofP2RY1, P2RY4, P2RY6 and P2RY11 and ATP-stimulated internalization of P2RY2. Involved in phosphorylation-dependentinternalization of OPRD1 and subsequent recycling or degradation. Involved in ubiquitination of IGF1R. Beta-arrestinsfunction as multivalent adapter proteins that can switch the GPCR from a G-protein signaling mode that transmitsshort-lived signals from the plasma membrane via small molecule second messengers and ion channels to a beta-arrestinsignaling mode that transmits a distinct set of signals that are initiated as the receptor internalizes and transitsthe intracellular compartment. Acts as signaling scaffold for MAPK pathways such as MAPK1/3 (ERK1/2) and MAPK10(JNK3). ERK1/2 and JNK3 activated by the beta-arrestin scaffold are largely excluded from the nucleus and confined tocytoplasmic locations such as endocytic vesicles, also called beta-arrestin signalosomes. Acts as signaling scaffoldfor the AKT1 pathway. GPCRs for which the beta-arrestin-mediated signaling relies on both ARRB1 and ARRB2 (codependentregulation) include ADRB2, F2RL1 and PTH1R. For some GPCRs the beta-arrestin-mediated signaling relies on either ARRB1or ARRB2 and is inhibited by the other respective beta-arrestin form (reciprocal regulation). Increases ERK1/2signaling in AGTR1- and AVPR2-mediated activation (reciprocal regulation). Involved in CCR7-mediated ERK1/2 signalinginvolving ligand CCL19. Is involved in type-1A angiotensin II receptor/AGTR1-mediated ERK activity. Is involved intype-1A angiotensin II receptor/AGTR1-mediated MAPK10 activity. Is involved in dopamine-stimulated AKT1 activity inthe striatum by disrupting the association of AKT1 with its negative regulator PP2A. Involved in AGTR1-mediatedchemotaxis. Appears to function as signaling scaffold involved in regulation of MIP-1-beta-stimulated CCR5-dependentchemotaxis. Involved in attenuation of NF-kappa-B-dependent transcription in response to GPCR or cytokine stimulationby interacting with and stabilizing CHUK. Suppresses UV-induced NF-kappa-B-dependent activation by interacting withCHUK. The function is promoted by stimulation of ADRB2 and dephosphorylation of ARRB2. Involved in p53/TP53-mediatedapoptosis by regulating MDM2 and reducing the MDM2-mediated degradation of p53/TP53. May serve as nuclear messengerfor GPCRs. Upon stimulation of OR1D2, may be involved in regulation of gene expression during the early processes offertilization. Also involved in regulation of receptors others than GPCRs. Involved in endocytosis of TGFBR2 andTGFBR3 and down-regulates TGF-beta signaling such as NF-kappa-B activation. Involved in endocytosis of low-densitylipoprotein receptor/LDLR. Involved in endocytosis of smoothened homolog/Smo, which also requires ADRBK1. Involved inendocytosis of SLC9A5. Involved in endocytosis of ENG and subsequent TGF-beta-mediated ERK activation and migration ofepithelial cells. Involved in Toll-like receptor and IL-1 receptor signaling through the interaction with TRAF6 whichprevents TRAF6 autoubiquitination and oligomerization required for activation of NF-kappa-B and JUN. Involved ininsulin resistance by acting as insulin-induced signaling scaffold for SRC, AKT1 and INSR. Involved in regulation ofinhibitory signaling of natural killer cells by recruiting PTPN6 and PTPN11 to KIR2DL1. Involved in IL8-mediatedgranule release in neutrophils
Gene Wiki entry for ARRB2 (Arrestin beta 2)
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Genomic Views
for ARRB2 gene
(According to
GeneLoc and/or
HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to
UCSC (hg19) and
Ensembl (release 69),
Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to
QIAGEN,
SABiosciences, and/or
SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
| RefSeq DNA sequence:- NC_000017.10 NC_018928.1 NT_010718.16
Regulatory elements:
 SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the ARRB2 gene promoter:
COUP-TF1 COUP-TF AP-1 ATF-2 COUP c-Jun HNF-4alpha1
Other transcription factors
Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for ARRB2
Epigenetics:
| | QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat ARRB2 |
Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 17p13 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 17p13.2 HGNC cytogenetic band: 17p13ARRB2 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to
 (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
GeneLoc information about chromosome 17 GeneLoc Exon Structure GeneLoc location for GC17P004613: view genomic region
(about GC identifiers)
Start:
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4,613,784 bp from pter |
End:
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4,624,795 bp from pter |
Size:
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11,012 bases |
Orientation:
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plus strand |
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Proteins
for ARRB2 gene
(According to
1UniProtKB,
HORDE,
neXtProt,
Ensembl,
and/or Reactome,
Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus,
Specific Peptides from DME,
Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb,
RefSeq according to NCBI,
PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia,
Recombinant Proteins
from
EMD Millipore,
R&D Systems,
GenScript,
Enzo Life Sciences,
OriGene,
Novus Biologicals,
Sino Biological,
ProSpec, and/or
Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by
EMD Millipore,
R&D Systems,
OriGene,
GenScript,
Cell Signaling Technology,
Enzo Life Sciences, and/or
Uscn,
Ontologies according to Gene
Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and
Entrez Gene,
Antibodies by
EMD Millipore,
R&D Systems,
GenScript,
Cell Signaling Technology,
OriGene,
Novus Biologicals,
Thermo Fisher Scientific,
Abcam, and/or
Uscn)
About This Section
|
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: ARRB2_HUMAN, P32121 (See
protein sequence)Recommended Name: Beta-arrestin-2 Size: 409 amino acids; 46106 Da
Subunit: Homooligomer; the self-association is mediated by InsP6-binding (Probable). Heterooligomer with ARRB1; theassociation is mediated by InsP6-binding. Interacts with ADRB2 AND CHRM2. Interacts with PDE4A. Interacts with PDE4D.Interacts with MAPK10, MAPK1 and MAPK3. Interacts with DRD2. Interacts with FSHR. Interacts with CLTC. Interacts withHTR2C. Interacts with CCR5. Interacts with CXCR4. Interacts with SRC. Interacts with DUSP16; the interaction isinterrupted by stimulation of AGTR1 and activation of MAPK10. Interacts with CHUK; the interaction is enhancedstimulation of ADRB2. Interacts with RELA. Interacts with MDM2; the interaction is enhanced by activation of GPCRs.Interacts with SLC9A5. Interacts with TRAF6. Interacts with IGF1R. Interacts with ENG. Interacts with KIR2DL1, KIR2DL3and KIR2DL4. Interacts with LDLR. Interacts with AP2B1. Interacts with C5AR1. Interacts with RAF1. Interacts withMAP2K1. Interacts with MAPK1. Interacts with MAPK10; the interaction enhances MAPK10 activation by MAP3K5. Interactswith MAP2K4; the interaction is enhanced by presence of MAP3K5 and MAPK10. Interacts with MAP3K5. Interacts with AKT1.Interacts with IKBKB and MAP3K14. Interacts with SMO (activated). Interacts with GSK3A and GSK3B. Associates withprotein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) (By similarity). Interacts with DHX8; the interaction is detected in the nucleus uponOR1D2 stimulation. Interacts with GAPDHS; the interaction is detected in the nucleus upon OR1D2 stimulation. Interactswith H2AFX; the interaction is detected in the nucleus upon OR1D2 stimulation. Interacts with KIF14; the interactionis detected in the nucleus upon OR1D2 stimulation. Interacts with RCC1; the interaction is detected in the nucleusupon OR1D2 stimulation. Interacts with CXCR4; the interaction is dependent on C-terminal phosphorylation of CXCR4 andallows activation of MAPK1 and MAPK3. Interacts with GPR143. Interacts with HCK and CXCR1 (phosphorylated)
Subcellular location: Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Cell membrane. Membrane, clathrin-coated pit (By similarity). Cytoplasmicvesicle. Note=Translocates to the plasma membrane and colocalizes with antagonist-stimulated GPCRs
Secondary accessions: B4DLW0 B5B0C0 B7WPL3 D3DTK2 H0Y688 Q0Z8D3 Q2PP19 Q6ICT3 Q8N7Y2 Q9UEQ6Alternative splicing: 4 isoforms: P32121-1 P32121-3 P32121-2 P32121-4 (No experimental confirmation available)Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for ARRB2: NX_P32121
Post-translational modifications:
Phosphorylated at Thr-382 in the cytoplasm; probably dephosphorylated at the plasma membrane. The phosphorylation doesnot regulate internalization and recycling of ADRB2, interaction with clathrin or AP2B11
The ubiquitination status appears to regulate the formation and trafficking of beta-arrestin-GPCR complexes andsignaling. Ubiquitination appears to occurr GPCR-specifc. Ubiquitinated by MDM2; the ubiquitination is required forrapid internalization of ADRB2. Deubiquitinated by USP33; the deubiquitination leads to a dissociation of thebeta-arrestin-GPCR complex. Stimulation of a class A GPCR, such as ADRB2, induces transient ubiquitination andsubsequently promotes association with USP33. Stimulation of a class B GPCR promotes a sustained ubiquitination1
Hydroxylation by PHD2 modulates the rate of internalization by slowing down recruitment to the plasma membrane andinhibiting subsequent co-internalization with class A receptors1
View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus2View neXtProt modification sites for NX_P32121
ARRB2 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb: About this image 
REFSEQ proteins (6 alternative transcripts):
NP_001244257.1 NP_001244258.1 NP_001244259.1 NP_001244260.1 NP_004304.1 NP_945355.1
ENSEMBL proteins: ENSP00000269260 ENSP00000458371 ENSP00000466344 ENSP00000341895 ENSP00000465296 ENSP00000458946 ENSP00000370898 ENSP00000403701 ENSP00000465877 ENSP00000466857 ENSP00000460879 ENSP00000460607 Reactome Protein details: P32121
Human Recombinant Protein Products:
Gene Ontology (GO): 5/11 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 11): About this table
ARRB2 for ontologies About GeneDecksing
ARRB2 Antibody Products:
Assay Products for ARRB2: |
Protein
Domains /
Families
for ARRB2 gene(According to InterPro, ProtoNet,
UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS,
Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section
|
ARRB2 for domains About GeneDecksing
5/7 InterPro domains/families (see all 7):Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P32121ProtoNet protein and cluster: P32121 1 Blocks protein family: IPB000698 Arrestin
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: ARRB2_HUMAN, P32121Domain: The [DE]-X(1,2)-F-X-X-[FL]-X-X-X-R motif mediates interaction the AP-2 complex subunit AP2B1 (By similarity)Similarity: Belongs to the arrestin family |
Function
for ARRB2 gene
(According to 1UniProtKB,
Genatlas,
LifeMap Discovery™,
IUBMB, and/or
2DME,
Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi,
Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
bound targets from SABiosciences,
miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase
shRNA from
OriGene,
RNAi from
EMD Millipore,
siRNAs from
OriGene,
QIAGEN,
microRNA from QIAGEN,
Gene Editing from DNA2.0,
Clones from EMD Millipore,
OriGene,
SwitchGear Genomics,
GenScript,
Sino Biological,
DNA2.0,
and Vector BioLabs,
Cell Lines from GenScript,
LifeMap BioReagents,
In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics,
Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via
Entrez Gene.)
About This Section
|
Function Summary:
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: ARRB2_HUMAN, P32121Function: Functions in regulating agonist-mediated G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling by mediating bothreceptor desensitization and resensitization processes. During homologous desensitization, beta-arrestins bind to theGPRK-phosphorylated receptor and sterically preclude its coupling to the cognate G-protein; the binding appears torequire additional receptor determinants exposed only in the active receptor conformation. The beta-arrestins targetmany receptors for internalization by acting as endocytic adapters (CLASPs, clathrin-associated sorting proteins) andrecruiting the GPRCs to the adapter protein 2 complex 2 (AP-2) in clathrin-coated pits (CCPs). However, the extent ofbeta-arrestin involvement appears to vary significantly depending on the receptor, agonist and cell type. Internalizedarrestin-receptor complexes traffic to intracellular endosomes, where they remain uncoupled from G-proteins. Twodifferent modes of arrestin-mediated internalization occur. Class A receptors, like ADRB2, OPRM1, ENDRA, D1AR andADRA1B dissociate from beta-arrestin at or near the plasma membrane and undergo rapid recycling. Class B receptors,like AVPR2, AGTR1, NTSR1, TRHR and TACR1 internalize as a complex with arrestin and traffic with it to endosomalvesicles, presumably as desensitized receptors, for extended periods of time. Receptor resensitization then requiresthat receptor-bound arrestin is removed so that the receptor can be dephosphorylated and returned to the plasmamembrane. Mediates endocytosis of CCR7 following ligation of CCL19 but not CCL21. Involved in internalization ofP2RY1, P2RY4, P2RY6 and P2RY11 and ATP-stimulated internalization of P2RY2. Involved in phosphorylation-dependentinternalization of OPRD1 and subsequent recycling or degradation. Involved in ubiquitination of IGF1R. Beta-arrestinsfunction as multivalent adapter proteins that can switch the GPCR from a G-protein signaling mode that transmitsshort-lived signals from the plasma membrane via small molecule second messengers and ion channels to a beta-arrestinsignaling mode that transmits a distinct set of signals that are initiated as the receptor internalizes and transitsthe intracellular compartment. Acts as signaling scaffold for MAPK pathways such as MAPK1/3 (ERK1/2) and MAPK10(JNK3). ERK1/2 and JNK3 activated by the beta-arrestin scaffold are largely excluded from the nucleus and confined tocytoplasmic locations such as endocytic vesicles, also called beta-arrestin signalosomes. Acts as signaling scaffoldfor the AKT1 pathway. GPCRs for which the beta-arrestin-mediated signaling relies on both ARRB1 and ARRB2 (codependentregulation) include ADRB2, F2RL1 and PTH1R. For some GPCRs the beta-arrestin-mediated signaling relies on either ARRB1or ARRB2 and is inhibited by the other respective beta-arrestin form (reciprocal regulation). Increases ERK1/2signaling in AGTR1- and AVPR2-mediated activation (reciprocal regulation). Involved in CCR7-mediated ERK1/2 signalinginvolving ligand CCL19. Is involved in type-1A angiotensin II receptor/AGTR1-mediated ERK activity. Is involved intype-1A angiotensin II receptor/AGTR1-mediated MAPK10 activity. Is involved in dopamine-stimulated AKT1 activity inthe striatum by disrupting the association of AKT1 with its negative regulator PP2A. Involved in AGTR1-mediatedchemotaxis. Appears to function as signaling scaffold involved in regulation of MIP-1-beta-stimulated CCR5-dependentchemotaxis. Involved in attenuation of NF-kappa-B-dependent transcription in response to GPCR or cytokine stimulationby interacting with and stabilizing CHUK. Suppresses UV-induced NF-kappa-B-dependent activation by interacting withCHUK. The function is promoted by stimulation of ADRB2 and dephosphorylation of ARRB2. Involved in p53/TP53-mediatedapoptosis by regulating MDM2 and reducing the MDM2-mediated degradation of p53/TP53. May serve as nuclear messengerfor GPCRs. Upon stimulation of OR1D2, may be involved in regulation of gene expression during the early processes offertilization. Also involved in regulation of receptors others than GPCRs. Involved in endocytosis of TGFBR2 andTGFBR3 and down-regulates TGF-beta signaling such as NF-kappa-B activation. Involved in endocytosis of low-densitylipoprotein receptor/LDLR. Involved in endocytosis of smoothened homolog/Smo, which also requires ADRBK1. Involved inendocytosis of SLC9A5. Involved in endocytosis of ENG and subsequent TGF-beta-mediated ERK activation and migration ofepithelial cells. Involved in Toll-like receptor and IL-1 receptor signaling through the interaction with TRAF6 whichprevents TRAF6 autoubiquitination and oligomerization required for activation of NF-kappa-B and JUN. Involved ininsulin resistance by acting as insulin-induced signaling scaffold for SRC, AKT1 and INSR. Involved in regulation ofinhibitory signaling of natural killer cells by recruiting PTPN6 and PTPN11 to KIR2DL1. Involved in IL8-mediatedgranule release in neutrophils Genatlas biochemistry entry for ARRB2:beta-arrestin 2,Ca2+ binding protein of the retinal red outer segments,widely expressed,binding to P-rhodopsin andinhibiting further G protein activation desensitized receptor-arrestin complex and sequestered through clathrin coatedpits,also regulator of beta-adrenergic receptor A and involved in synaptic transmission in photoreceptor cells
Clone
Products: |  | Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from EMD Millipore | |  | OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for ARRB2 (see all 4)
OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for ARRB2 (see all 2)
OriGene custom cloning services – gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis,
variant library, vector shuttling 
| |  | GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector (see all 2): ARRB2 (NM_004313) | |  | Browse Sino Biological Human cDNA Clones | |  | DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene
Synthesis Service for ARRB2 | |  | Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat ARRB2 |
In Situ Assay
Products: |
 | Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for ARRB2 |
Gene Ontology (GO): 5/17 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 17): About this table
ARRB2 for ontologies About GeneDecksing
Animal Models:
Mouse knock-out Arrb2tm1Rjl for ARRB2
9 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 2 alleles ) (MGI details for Arrb2):
ARRB2 for phenotypes About GeneDecksing
|
Pathways & Interactions
for ARRB2 gene
(Pathways according to
EMD Millipore,
R&D Systems,
Cell Signaling Technology,
KEGG,
PharmGKB,
BioSystems,
Reactome,
Tocris Bioscience,
GeneGo (Thomson Reuters),
QIAGEN,
and/or UniProtKB,
Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks,
Interaction Networks according to
SABiosciences,
and/or STRING,
Interactions according to 1UniProtKB,
2MINT,
3I2D, and/or
4STRING,
with links to IntAct and
Ensembl,
Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via
Entrez Gene).
About This Section
|
Unified GeneCards pathways - 5/34 super-pathways (see all 34) About this table
See pathways by source
| Super-pathway | contained gene-specific pathways |
|---|
| 1 | Signaling by NOTCH1 t(7 9)(NOTCH1:M1580_K2555) Translocation Mutant | | | 2 | Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation | | | 3 | Development Angiotensin signaling via beta-Arrestin | | | 4 | MAPK signaling pathway | | | 5 | Chemokine Signaling | |
Pathway sources
See GeneCards unified pathways
Show all pathways
2 EMD Millipore Pathways for ARRB2
3 Downloadable PowerPoint Slides of QIAGEN Pathway Central Maps for ARRB2
2 
Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Pathways for ARRB2
2  GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) Pathways for ARRB2
5/15  BioSystems Pathways for ARRB2 (see all 15)
5/16 
Reactome Pathways for ARRB2 (see all 16)
2  PharmGKB Pathways for ARRB2
5 
Kegg Pathways (Kegg details for ARRB2):
ARRB2 for pathways About GeneDecksing
Interactions:
Search SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Networks for ARRB2
STRING Interaction
Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 25)
5/739 Interacting proteins for ARRB2 (P321211, 2, 3 ENSP000002692604) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 739)| Interactant | Interaction Details |
|---|
| GeneCard | External ID(s) |
|---|
| MDM2 | Q009872, 3, ENSP000004172814 | MINT-16321 MINT-16320 MINT-16319 MINT-15354 I2D:
score=4 STRING: ENSP00000417281 | | MAP3K5 | Q996832, 3, ENSP000003519084 | MINT-7263175 MINT-7263196 I2D:
score=5 STRING: ENSP00000351908 | | CALM1 | P621581, 3 | EBI-714559,EBI-397435 I2D:
score=1 | | CALM2 | P621581, 3 | EBI-714559,EBI-397435 I2D:
score=1 | | CALM3 | P621581, 3 | EBI-714559,EBI-397435 I2D:
score=1 |
About this table
Gene Ontology (GO): 5/37 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 37): About this table | GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|
| GO:0001932 | regulation of protein phosphorylation |
-- | -- | | GO:0002031 | G-protein coupled receptor internalization |
IMP | 12582207 | | GO:0002032 | desensitization of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway by arrestin |
IMP | 12582207 | | GO:0002092 | positive regulation of receptor internalization |
IEA | -- | | GO:0006366 | transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter |
IDA | 16820410 |
ARRB2 for ontologies About GeneDecksing
|
Drugs & Compounds
for ARRB2 gene(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences,
EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience
HMDB,
BitterDB, and/or
Novoseek, and Drugs according to
DrugBank,
Enzo Life Sciences, and/or
PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news
search links to CenterWatch)
About This Section
|
ARRB2 for compounds About GeneDecksing
 Browse Tocris compounds for ARRB2
10 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for ARRB2 gene About this table
Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about ARRB2
|
Transcripts
for ARRB2 gene(Secondary structures according to
fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene
(Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or
AceView,
transcript ids from Ensembl
with links to UCSC,
exon structure from GeneLoc,
alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or
ECgene,
RNAi Products from
EMD Millipore,
siRNAs from
OriGene,
QIAGEN,
shRNA from
OriGene,
microRNA from QIAGEN,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from
OriGene,
SwitchGear Genomics,
GenScript,
DNA2.0,
Vector BioLabs,
Primers from
OriGene,
SABiosciences, and/or
QIAGEN
)
About This Section
|
REFSEQ mRNAs for ARRB2 gene (6 alternative transcripts): NM_001257328.1 NM_001257329.1 NM_001257330.1 NM_001257331.1 NM_004313.3 NM_199004.1 Unigene Cluster for ARRB2: Arrestin, beta 2 Hs.435811 [show with all ESTs]Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_00125732818/21 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant (see all 21): ENST00000269260(uc002fyj.3 uc002fyk.3 uc002fyl.3 uc010vsg.2 uc002fym.3 uc002fyn.3)
ENST00000574502 ENST00000574954 ENST00000570718 ENST00000570739 ENST00000346341
ENST00000571764 ENST00000572457 ENST00000574888 ENST00000575131 ENST00000571791
ENST00000572497 ENST00000573886 ENST00000381488 ENST00000412477 ENST00000571428
ENST00000575877 ENST00000576235
Clone
Products: | | OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for ARRB2 (see all 4)
OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for ARRB2 (see all 2)
OriGene custom cloning services – gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis,
variant library, vector shuttling
| | | GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector (see all 2): ARRB2 (NM_004313) | | | DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene
Synthesis Service for ARRB2 | | | Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat ARRB2 |
Additional cDNA sequence: AB209786.1 AF106941.1 AK097542.1 AK290951.1 AK297059.1 AK297181.1 BC007427.2 BC039066.1 BC067368.1 BC095450.1 CR450310.1 CR749218.1 DQ664180.1 EU883572.1 NR_047516.1 Z11501.1 20 DOTS entries: DT.446214 DT.100795649 DT.100029380 DT.95260342 DT.95260334 DT.95260335 DT.120918219 DT.100029379 DT.101975712 DT.91826805 DT.92439000 DT.92439012 DT.100834184 DT.120918187 DT.120918230 DT.120918276 DT.92439001 DT.95260344 DT.40131620 DT.91690247 24/275 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 275): BQ925857 BI021272 BG235958 BQ679201 BM475984 CR620216 CB993335 BM919126 AA357189 AL565497 CR591682 BM707820 BM684533 BC067368 BQ213860 BM924036 CR749218 BU684389 BU681734 BQ882891 CR609288 BM992046 BQ437671 CR620652
GeneLoc Exon Structure
5/8 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for ARRB2 (see all 8) About this scheme
| ExUns: | 1a | · | 1b | ^ | 2 | ^ | 3 | ^ | 4a | · | 4b | ^ | 5 | ^ | 6a | · | 6b | · | 6c | ^ | 7 | ^ | 8 | ^ | 9 | ^ | 10a | · | 10b | · | 10c | ^ | 11 | ^ | 12 | ^ | 13a | · | 13b | ^ | 14 | ^ | 15 | ^ | 16 |
|---|
|
| SP1: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - | | | | - | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| SP2: | | | | | | | | | - | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| SP3: | | | | | - | | - | | - | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| SP4: | | | | | - | | - | | - | | - | | - | | - | | - | | - | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| SP5: | | | | | | | - | | - | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for ARRB2
|
Expression
for ARRB2 gene
(RNA expression data according to
H-InvDB,
NONCODE,
miRBase, and
RNAdb,
Expression images according to data from
BioGPS,
Illumina Human BodyMap, and
CGAP
SAGE,
Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks,
in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™,
plus additional links to
Genevestigator, and/or
SOURCE, and/or
BioGPS, and/or
UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from
SABiosciences,
Primers from
OriGene,
SABiosciences, and/or
QIAGEN,
In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
About This Section
| ARRB2 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS
CGAP TAG: --
About this image
See ARRB2 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
Genevestigator expression for ARRB2
SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.435811
SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Array including ARRB2: | G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling PathwayFinder in human mouse rat |
Primer
Products: | | OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for ARRB2
Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
| | | SABiosciences RT2 qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat ARRB2 | | | QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat ARRB2 | | | QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat ARRB2 | In Situ
Assay Products: |
| Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for ARRB2 |
Orthologs
for ARRB2 gene
(Orthologs according to
1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version),
3euGenes,
4SGD
,
5MGI Mar 06 2013,
with possible further links to
Flybase
and/or
WormBase,
and/or
6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara ,
Gene Trees according to Ensembl and
TreeFam)
About This Section
|
This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.
Orthologs for ARRB2 gene from 4/19 species (see all 19) About this table
| Organism |
Taxonomic
classification |
Gene |
Description |
Human
Similarity |
Orthology
Type |
Details |
African clawed frog
(Xenopus laevis) |
Amphibia |
LOC3980462 |
cone arrestin |
72.97(n) |
|
L40463.1 |
zebrafish
(Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii |
zgc640072 |
similar to arrestin, beta 2 |
79.36(n) |
|
394099 BC054595.1 |
fruit fly
(Drosophila melanogaster) |
Insecta |
krz3 |
-- |
56(a)
(best of 3) |
|
100E3 -- |
worm
(Caenorhabditis elegans) |
Secernentea |
arr-13 |
beta-arrestin |
52(a) |
|
-- |
ENSEMBL Gene Tree for ARRB2 (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for ARRB2 (if available) |
Paralogs
for ARRB2 gene(Paralogs according to
1HomoloGene,
2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
About This Section
| Paralogs for ARRB2 gene
- SAG2 ARR32 ARRB12
6 SIMAP similar genes for ARRB2 using alignment to 7 protein entries: ARRB2_HUMAN (see all proteins):DKFZp686L0365 ARRB1 ARR3 DKFZp686J1593 SAG DKFZp686I1383
ARRB2 for paralogs About GeneDecksing
|
Genomic Variants
for ARRB2 gene(SNPs/Variants according to the
1NCBI SNP Database,
2Ensembl,
3PupaSUITE,
UniProtKB, and
DNA2.0,
Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap,
Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene
Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation
Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT,
Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN,
Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
About This Section
|
| Genomic Data | Transcription Related Data | Allele Frequencies | | SNP ID | Valid | Clinical
significance | Chr 17 pos | Sequence | # | AA
Chg | Type | More | # | Allele
freq | Pop | Total
sample | More |
|---|
HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for ARRB2 (4613784 - 4624795 bp)
Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 4 variations for ARRB2
1 CNV: 4985
3 Indels: 34408 45555 29517 | SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays |
| | QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing ARRB2 |
|
Disorders
/ Diseases
for ARRB2 gene
(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards,
OMIM, UniProtKB,
the University of Copenhagen DISEASES
database, Novoseek,
Genatlas, GeneTests,
GAD,
HuGE Navigator,
and/or TGDB.)
About This Section
|
ARRB2 for disorders About GeneDecksing
OMIM gene information: 107941
OMIM disorders: --
20/26  diseases for ARRB2 (see all 26): About MalaCardsattention deficit hyperactivity disorder thyroiditis tardive dyskinesia nicotine dependence
whim syndrome retinal degeneration alcohol dependence choroidal dystrophy
allergic asthma insulin resistance asthma meningitis
cystic fibrosis choroiditis retinitis hyperglycemia
fibrosis alcoholism lung cancer prostate cancer
1 disease from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for ARRB2:Pain agnosia 6 Novoseek disease relationships for ARRB2 gene About this table
| Disease |
-log (P-Val) |
Hits |
PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences) |
| retinal degeneration |
42.3 |
3 |
16835270 (3) |
| retinopathy |
19.5 |
2 |
8733141 (1) |
| asthma allergic |
15 |
1 |
12925697 (1) |
| asthma |
0 |
1 |
12925697 (1) |
| tumors |
0 |
1 |
12488444 (1) |
| heart failure |
0 |
2 |
8293560 (2) |
Genetic Association Database (GAD): ARRB2
Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: ARRB2 (19 documents)
Export disorders for ARRB2 gene to outside databases
|
Publications
for ARRB2 gene (in
PubMed.
Associations of this gene to articles via
1Entrez Gene,
2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot,
3HGNC,
4GAD,
5PharmGKB,
6HMDB,
7DrugBank,
8UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
9 Novoseek, and/or
10fRNAdb)
About This Section
|
PubMed articles for ARRB2 gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 283):
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with ARRB2) | |  | Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
world of online information |
- Chromosome mapping of the human arrestin (SAG), beta-arrestin 2 (ARRB2), and beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 2 (ADRBK2) genes. (PubMed id 7695743)1, 3, 9 Calabrese G....De Blasi A. (1994)
- Beta-arrestin 2 functions as a G-protein-coupled receptor-activated regulator of oncoprotein Mdm2. (PubMed id 12488444)1, 2, 9 Wang P....Pei G. (2003)
- Activity-dependent internalization of smoothened mediated by beta- arrestin 2 and GRK2. (PubMed id 15618519)1, 2, 9 Chen W.... Lefkowitz R.J. (2004)
- Dynamic interaction between the dual specificity phosphatase MKP7 and the JNK3 scaffold protein beta-arrestin 2. (PubMed id 15888437)1, 2, 9 Willoughby E.A. and Collins M.K. (2005)
- Beta-arrestin 2-dependent angiotensin II type 1A receptor-mediated pathway of chemotaxis. (PubMed id 15635042)1, 2, 9 Hunton D.L.... Lefkowitz R.J. (2005)
- {beta}-Arrestin is crucial for ubiquitination and down-regulation of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor by acting as adaptor for the MDM2 E3 ligase. (PubMed id 15878855)1, 2, 9 Girnita L.... Larsson O. (2005)
- Independent beta-arrestin 2 and G protein-mediated pathways for angiotensin II activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2. (PubMed id 12949261)1, 2, 9 Wei H....Lefkowitz R.J. (2003)
- beta-arrestin differentially regulates the chemokine receptor CXCR4- mediated signaling and receptor internalization, and this implicates multiple interaction sites between beta-arrestin and CXCR4. (PubMed id 10644702)1, 2, 9 Cheng Z.J.... Pei G. (2000)
- Beta-arrestin-dependent signaling and trafficking of 7-transmembrane receptors is reciprocally regulated by the deubiquitinase USP33 and the E3 ligase Mdm2. (PubMed id 19363159)1, 2 Shenoy S.K.... Lefkowitz R.J. (2009)
- An essential function for beta-arrestin 2 in the inhibitory signaling of natural killer cells. (PubMed id 18604210)1, 2 Yu M.-C.... Ge B.-X. (2008)
|
External Searches for ARRB2 gene
(in PubMed,
OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
About This Section
|
|
Genome Databases showing ARRB2 gene
(According to
Entrez Gene,
HGNC,
AceView,
euGenes,
Ensembl,
miRBase,
ECgene,
Kegg,
and/or
H-InvDB)
About This Section
|
|
Other Databases showing ARRB2 gene
(According to HUGE)
About This Section
| -- |
Specialized Databases showing ARRB2 gene(According to PharmGKB,
ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
About This Section
|
|
About This Section
| Patent Information for ARRB2 gene:
Search GeneIP for patents involving ARRB2
GeneCards and IP:
Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards Improving the IP Search
|
Products
for ARRB2 gene(Antibodies, recombinant proteins, and assays from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, QIAGEN, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, SABiosciences, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, Enzo Life Sciences, Abcam, ProSpec, Uscn, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, SwitchGear Genomics, Vector BioLabs, Cell lines from GenScript and LifeMap BioReagents, PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Drugs and/or compounds from EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience, and/or
Enzo Life Sciences),
In Situ Hybridization Assays from
Advanced Cell Diagnostics
About This Section
|
 | |
 | |
 |
| | |  | OriGene Antibodies for ARRB2 | | OriGene shRNA RFP for ARRB2 | | | OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for ARRB2 | | OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for ARRB2 | | | OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysate for ARRB2 | | Browse OriGene Fluorogenic Cell Assay Kits | | | OriGene siRNA for ARRB2 | | OriGene 3'-UTR Clone for ARRB2 | | | OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for ARRB2 | | OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for ARRB2 | | | Browse OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector | | Browse OriGene MicroRNA Expression Plasmids | | | Browse OriGene basic RS shRNAs | | Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs | | | Browse OriGene full length recombinant human proteins expressed in human HEK293 cells | | OriGene custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis,
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| |
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| | | QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of in human, mouse, rat ARRB2 | | | QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing ARRB2 | | | QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat ARRB2 | | | QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat ARRB2 | | | QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat ARRB2 | | | QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat ARRB2 |
| |
 |  |  |  | |
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| |  |  |  |  | | | | |
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| | | Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat ARRB2 |
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