AREGB Gene
protein-coding GIFtS: 43
GCID: GC04P075480 (predicted)
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amphiregulin B
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Aliases
for AREGB gene
(According to
1HGNC,
2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot,
4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc,
7Ensembl,
8DME,
9miRBase,
and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section
|
| Aliases |
|---|
| Amphiregulin B1 2 | | AR3 | | CRDGF3 | | SDGF3 | | Colorectum Cell-Derived Growth Factor3 |
Export aliases for AREGB gene to outside databasesPrevious GC identifer: GC04P075700 |
Summaries
for AREGB gene(According to Entrez Gene,
Tocris Bioscience,
Wikipedia's
Gene Wiki,
PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot,
and/or
UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section
|
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: AREG_HUMAN, P15514Function: Ligand of the EGF receptor/EGFR. Autocrine growth factor as well as a mitogen for a broad range of targetcells including astrocytes, Schwann cells and fibroblasts
 summary
for AREGB: Androgen receptors (ARs) (also known as dihydrotestosterone receptors) are nuclear hormone receptors of the
NR3C class, which also includes mineralocorticoid, progesterone and glucocorticoid receptors. They are
expressed in bone marrow, mammary gland, prostate, testicular and muscle tissues where they exist as dimers
coupled to Hsp90 and HMGB proteins, which are shed upon ligand binding. Activated androgen receptors bind to
nuclear response elements of the genome, with an inverted palindromic 15 nucleotide sequence, to regulate
gene transcription. Androgen receptors also effect gene expression through interaction with transcription
factors including AP-1, NF-kappaB and STAT. Target genes of androgen receptors include insulin-like growth
factor 1 (IGF-1) and genes involved in the development of primary and secondary male sexual characteristics,
maintenance of sexual function and possibly have a causative role in aggressive behavior. Furthermore,
androgen receptors have recently been shown to have actions that are independent of DNA interactions.
Congential mutations in androgen receptors are associated with androgen insensitivity syndromes, virility
and spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. Perturbations in androgen receptor expression is also a common
feature of prostate cancer. The human gene encoding the androgen receptor has been localized to Xq11-12.
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Genomic Views
for AREGB gene
(According to
GeneLoc and/or
HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to
UCSC (hg19) and
Ensembl (release 69),
Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to
QIAGEN,
SABiosciences, and/or
SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
| Regulatory elements:
 SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the AREGB gene promoter:
MAZR FOXC1 POU2F1 AML1a POU2F1a FOXD1 C/EBPalpha
Other transcription factors
Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for AREGB
Epigenetics:
| | QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat AREGB |
Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 4q13.3 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 4q13.3 HGNC cytogenetic band: 4q13.3AREGB Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to
 (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
GeneLoc information about chromosome 4 GeneLoc Exon Structure GeneLoc location for GC04P075480: view genomic region
(about GC identifiers)
Start:
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75,480,629 bp from pter |
End:
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75,490,486 bp from pter |
Size:
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9,858 bases |
Orientation:
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plus strand |
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Proteins
for AREGB gene
(According to
1UniProtKB,
HORDE,
neXtProt,
Ensembl,
and/or Reactome,
Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus,
Specific Peptides from DME,
Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb,
RefSeq according to NCBI,
PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia,
Recombinant Proteins
from
EMD Millipore,
R&D Systems,
GenScript,
Enzo Life Sciences,
OriGene,
Novus Biologicals,
Sino Biological,
ProSpec, and/or
Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by
EMD Millipore,
R&D Systems,
OriGene,
GenScript,
Cell Signaling Technology,
Enzo Life Sciences, and/or
Uscn,
Ontologies according to Gene
Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and
Entrez Gene,
Antibodies by
EMD Millipore,
R&D Systems,
GenScript,
Cell Signaling Technology,
OriGene,
Novus Biologicals,
Thermo Fisher Scientific,
Abcam, and/or
Uscn)
About This Section
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UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: AREG_HUMAN, P15514 (See
protein sequence)Recommended Name: Amphiregulin precursor Size: 252 amino acids; 27895 Da
Subunit: The immature precursor interacts with CNIH
Subcellular location: Membrane; Single-pass membrane protein
Miscellaneous: AR is a protein containing cysteines in disulfide linkage(s) that are essential for its biologicalactivity. AR may contain oligosaccharides and/or lipid moieties that are not obligatory for the biological activity
1 PDB 3D structure from  and Proteopedia  for AREGB:2RNL (3D)
Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for AREGB: NX_P15514
Post-translational modifications:
View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus2View neXtProt modification sites for NX_P15514
AREGB Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb: About this image 
ENSEMBL proteins: ENSP00000370227
Human Recombinant Protein Products:
Gene Ontology (GO): 3 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table
AREGB for ontologies About GeneDecksing
AREGB Antibody Products:
Assay Products for AREGB: |
Protein
Domains /
Families
for AREGB gene(According to InterPro, ProtoNet,
UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS,
Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section
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AREGB for domains About GeneDecksing
3 InterPro domains/families:Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P15514ProtoNet protein and cluster: P15514 1 Blocks protein family: IPB006210 Type I EGF
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: AREG_HUMAN, P15514Similarity: Belongs to the amphiregulin familySimilarity: Contains 1 EGF-like domain |
Function
for AREGB gene
(According to 1UniProtKB,
Genatlas,
LifeMap Discovery™,
IUBMB, and/or
2DME,
Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi,
Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
bound targets from SABiosciences,
miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase
shRNA from
OriGene,
RNAi from
EMD Millipore,
siRNAs from
OriGene,
QIAGEN,
microRNA from QIAGEN,
Gene Editing from DNA2.0,
Clones from EMD Millipore,
OriGene,
SwitchGear Genomics,
GenScript,
Sino Biological,
DNA2.0,
and Vector BioLabs,
Cell Lines from GenScript,
LifeMap BioReagents,
In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics,
Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via
Entrez Gene.)
About This Section
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Function Summary:
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: AREG_HUMAN, P15514Function: Ligand of the EGF receptor/EGFR. Autocrine growth factor as well as a mitogen for a broad range of targetcells including astrocytes, Schwann cells and fibroblastsInduction: By phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)
In Situ Assay
Products: |
 | Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for AREGB |
Gene Ontology (GO): 2 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table | GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|
| GO:0005125 | cytokine activity |
IEA | -- | | GO:0008083 | growth factor activity |
IEA | -- |
AREGB for ontologies About GeneDecksing
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Pathways & Interactions
for AREGB gene
(Pathways according to
EMD Millipore,
R&D Systems,
Cell Signaling Technology,
KEGG,
PharmGKB,
BioSystems,
Reactome,
Tocris Bioscience,
GeneGo (Thomson Reuters),
QIAGEN,
and/or UniProtKB,
Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks,
Interaction Networks according to
SABiosciences,
and/or STRING,
Interactions according to 1UniProtKB,
2MINT,
3I2D, and/or
4STRING,
with links to IntAct and
Ensembl,
Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via
Entrez Gene).
About This Section
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Unified GeneCards pathways About this table 
See pathways by source
| Super-pathway | contained gene-specific pathways |
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| 1 | FSH signaling pathway | | | 2 | Development ERBB-family signaling | | | 3 | Development EGFR signaling pathway | | | 4 | ErbB signaling pathway | | | 5 | SHC1 events in ERBB2 signaling | |
Pathway sources
See GeneCards unified pathways
Show all pathways
2  GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) Pathways for AREGB
3  BioSystems Pathways for AREGB
Interactions:
Search SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Networks for AREGB
STRING Interaction
Network Preview (showing 4 interactants - click image to see more details)
5/8 Interacting proteins for AREGB (P155142, 3 ENSP000003702274) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 8)About this table
Gene Ontology (GO): 5 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table
AREGB for ontologies About GeneDecksing
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Drugs & Compounds
for AREGB gene(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences,
EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience
HMDB,
BitterDB, and/or
Novoseek, and Drugs according to
DrugBank,
Enzo Life Sciences, and/or
PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news
search links to CenterWatch)
About This Section
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Compounds for AREGB available from Tocris Bioscience About this table
| Compound | Action |
CAS
# |
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| Nilutamide | Androgen receptor antagonist. Orally active | [63612-50-0] | | Bicalutamide | Non-steroidal androgen receptor antagonist | [90357-06-5] | | Cl-4AS-1 | Steroidal androgen receptor agonist | [188589-66-4] | | Finasteride | Type II 5alpha-reductase inhibitor | [98319-26-7] | | TFM-4AS-1 | Selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) | -- |
Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about AREGB / AREG
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Transcripts
for AREGB gene(Secondary structures according to
fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene
(Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or
AceView,
transcript ids from Ensembl
with links to UCSC,
exon structure from GeneLoc,
alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or
ECgene,
RNAi Products from
EMD Millipore,
siRNAs from
OriGene,
QIAGEN,
shRNA from
OriGene,
microRNA from QIAGEN,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from
OriGene,
SwitchGear Genomics,
GenScript,
DNA2.0,
Vector BioLabs,
Primers from
OriGene,
SABiosciences, and/or
QIAGEN
)
About This Section
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2 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant: ENST00000380846(uc021xpc.1) ENST00000511772
GeneLoc Exon Structure
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Expression
for AREGB gene
(RNA expression data according to
H-InvDB,
NONCODE,
miRBase, and
RNAdb,
Expression images according to data from
BioGPS,
Illumina Human BodyMap, and
CGAP
SAGE,
Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks,
in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™,
plus additional links to
Genevestigator, and/or
SOURCE, and/or
BioGPS, and/or
UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from
SABiosciences,
Primers from
OriGene,
SABiosciences, and/or
QIAGEN,
In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
About This Section
| AREGB expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS
CGAP TAG: --
About this image
See AREGB Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
Genevestigator expression for AREGB
SABiosciences Custom PCR Arrays for AREGB
Primer
Products: |  | Browse OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs
Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
| | | SABiosciences RT2 qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat AREGB | | | QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat AREGB | | | QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat AREGB | In Situ
Assay Products: |
| Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for AREGB |
Orthologs
for AREGB gene
(Orthologs according to
1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version),
3euGenes,
4SGD
,
5MGI Mar 06 2013,
with possible further links to
Flybase
and/or
WormBase,
and/or
6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara ,
Gene Trees according to Ensembl and
TreeFam)
About This Section
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This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.
Orthologs for AREGB gene from 3/10 species (see all 10) About this table
ENSEMBL Gene Tree for AREGB (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for AREGB (if available) |
Paralogs
for AREGB gene(Paralogs according to
1HomoloGene,
2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
About This Section
| Paralogs for AREGB gene
- AREG1 2 HBEGF2
1 SIMAP similar gene for AREGB using alignment to 1 protein entry: AREG_HUMAN:AREG
AREGB for paralogs About GeneDecksing
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Genomic Variants
for AREGB gene(SNPs/Variants according to the
1NCBI SNP Database,
2Ensembl,
3PupaSUITE,
UniProtKB, and
DNA2.0,
Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap,
Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene
Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation
Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT,
Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN,
Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
About This Section
| | SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays |
| | QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing AREGB |
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Disorders
/ Diseases
for AREGB gene
(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards,
OMIM, UniProtKB,
the University of Copenhagen DISEASES
database,
Genatlas, GeneTests,
GAD,
HuGE Navigator,
and/or TGDB.)
About This Section
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AREGB for disorders About GeneDecksing
9  diseases for AREGB: About MalaCardsspinal-bulbar muscular atrophy androgen insensitivity syndrome muscular atrophy virilization
prostate cancer prostatitis breast adenocarcinoma psoriasis
adenocarcinoma
2 diseases from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for AREGB:Breast cancer Colorectal cancer Export disorders for AREGB gene to outside databases
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Publications
for AREGB gene (in
PubMed.
Associations of this gene to articles via
1Entrez Gene,
2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot,
3HGNC,
4GAD,
5PharmGKB,
6HMDB,
7DrugBank,
8UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
9 Novoseek, and/or
10fRNAdb)
About This Section
|
PubMed articles for AREGB gene integrated from 9 sources:
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with AREGB) | |  | Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
world of online information |
- Structure and function of human amphiregulin: a member of the epidermal growth factor family. (PubMed id 2466334)1, 2 Shoyab M.... Todaro G.J. (1989)
- Genetic variants associated with breast size also infl uence breast cancer risk. (PubMed id 22747683)1 Eriksson N....Tung J.Y. (2012)
- Cornichon regulates transport and secretion of TGFalpha-related proteins in metazoan cells. (PubMed id 17607000)2 Perez Castro C.... Derynck R. (2007)
- The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)2 Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
- TACE cleavage of proamphiregulin regulates GPCR-induced proliferation and motility of cancer cells. (PubMed id 12743035)1 Gschwind A....Ullrich A. (2003)
- Amphiregulin induces tyrosine phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor and p185erbB2. Evidence that amphiregulin acts exclusively through the epidermal growth factor receptor at the surface of human epithelial cells. (PubMed id 7679104)2 Johnson G.R....Stromberg K. (1993)
- Colorectum cell-derived growth factor (CRDGF) is homologous to amphiregulin, a member of the epidermal growth factor family. (PubMed id 1333777)2 Culouscou J.-M....Shoyab M. (1992)
- A heparin sulfate-regulated human keratinocyte autocrine factor is similar or identical to amphiregulin. (PubMed id 2017164)2 Cook P.W.... Shipley G.D. (1991)
- The amphiregulin gene encodes a novel epidermal growth factor-related protein with tumor-inhibitory activity. (PubMed id 2325643)2 Plowman G.D.... Shoyab M. (1990)
- Amphiregulin: a bifunctional growth-modulating glycoprotein produced by the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-treated human breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7. (PubMed id 3413110)2 Shoyab M.... Todaro G.J. (1988)
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External Searches for AREGB gene
(in PubMed,
OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
About This Section
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Genome Databases showing AREGB gene
(According to
Entrez Gene,
HGNC,
AceView,
euGenes,
Ensembl,
miRBase,
ECgene,
Kegg,
and/or
H-InvDB)
About This Section
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Other Databases showing AREGB gene
(According to HUGE)
About This Section
| -- |
Specialized Databases showing AREGB gene(According to PharmGKB,
ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
About This Section
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About This Section
| Patent Information for AREGB gene:
Search GeneIP for patents involving AREGB
GeneCards and IP:
Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards Improving the IP Search
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Products
for AREGB gene(Antibodies, recombinant proteins, and assays from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, QIAGEN, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, SABiosciences, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, Enzo Life Sciences, Abcam, ProSpec, Uscn, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, SwitchGear Genomics, Vector BioLabs, Cell lines from GenScript and LifeMap BioReagents, PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Drugs and/or compounds from EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience, and/or
Enzo Life Sciences),
In Situ Hybridization Assays from
Advanced Cell Diagnostics
About This Section
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|  | QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of in human, mouse, rat AREGB | | | QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing AREGB | | | QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat AREGB | | | QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat AREGB | | | QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat AREGB | | | QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat AREGB |
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| | | | Tocris compounds for AREGB |
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 | | | AREGB Proteins, Antibodies, CLIAs, and ELISAs |
| | | | | Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for AREGB |
|  |  |  | | | | Search ThermoFisher Antibodies for AREGB |
| | | Search Vector BioLabs for ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat AREGB |
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