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AREG Gene(Protein Coding)

Amphiregulin

GCID:
GC04P074445
GIFtS:
64
Genes Participants
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Aliases for AREG Gene

Aliases for AREG Gene

  • Amphiregulin 2 3 3 5
  • Colorectum Cell-Derived Growth Factor 3 4
  • Schwannoma-Derived Growth Factor 2 3
  • Amphiregulin B 2 3
  • AREGB 3 4
  • CRDGF 3 4
  • SDGF 3 4
  • AR 3 4

External Ids for AREG Gene

Previous HGNC Symbols for AREG Gene

  • SDGF
  • AREGB

Previous GeneCards Identifiers for AREG Gene

  • GC04P075300
  • GC04P075550
  • GC04P075711
  • GC04P075777
  • GC04P075675
  • GC04P071121

Summaries for AREG Gene

Entrez Gene Summary for AREG Gene

  • The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the epidermal growth factor family. It is an autocrine growth factor as well as a mitogen for astrocytes, Schwann cells and fibroblasts. It is related to epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha). The protein interacts with the EGF/TGF-alpha receptor to promote the growth of normal epithelial cells, and it inhibits the growth of certain aggressive carcinoma cell lines. It also functions in mammary gland, oocyte and bone tissue development. This gene is associated with a psoriasis-like skin phenotype, and is also associated with other pathological disorders, including various types of cancers and inflammatory conditions. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014]

CIViC summary for AREG Gene

GeneCards Summary for AREG Gene

AREG (Amphiregulin) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with AREG include Psoriasis and Colorectal Cancer. Among its related pathways are GPCR Pathway and ErbB signaling pathway. GO annotations related to this gene include cytokine activity and epidermal growth factor receptor binding. An important paralog of this gene is HBEGF.

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for AREG Gene

  • Ligand of the EGF receptor/EGFR. Autocrine growth factor as well as a mitogen for a broad range of target cells including astrocytes, Schwann cells and fibroblasts.

Gene Wiki entry for AREG Gene

No data available for Tocris Summary , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , fRNAdb sequence ontologies and piRNA Summary for AREG Gene

Genomics for AREG Gene

Products:

  1. Regulatory Element

Regulatory Elements for AREG Gene

Enhancers for AREG Gene
GeneHancer Identifier Enhancer Score Enhancer Sources Gene-Enhancer Score TSS distance (kb) Number of Genes Away Size (kb) Transcription Factor Binding Sites within enhancer Gene Targets for Enhancer
GH04G074097 1.6 Ensembl ENCODE dbSUPER 13.1 -345.9 -345909 4.0 HDGF PKNOX1 FOXA2 CREB3L1 ARNT SIN3A FEZF1 ZNF2 YY1 ZNF766 CXCL3 AREG CXCL2 LOC643014
GH04G074407 1.2 FANTOM5 ENCODE dbSUPER 7 -34.8 -34811 6.5 L3MBTL2 BHLHE40 MAFG FOSL1 JUND ZNF316 CREB1 MAFK EMSY AREG CXCL2 ENSG00000250532 EREG
GH04G074391 1 FANTOM5 ENCODE dbSUPER 8.1 -52.9 -52902 0.9 FOS NFE2 EREG CXCL2 CXCL3 AREG MTHFD2L ENSG00000250532
GH04G074364 1.4 Ensembl ENCODE dbSUPER 5.5 -78.5 -78476 5.8 TBP PKNOX1 ATF1 RB1 SIN3A NFXL1 ZNF335 RELB IKZF2 ZNF263 EPGN EREG AREG ENSG00000250532
GH04G074373 1.4 Ensembl ENCODE dbSUPER 5.3 -69.1 -69110 4.3 NFIB SIN3A RAD21 CHAMP1 RCOR1 FOS ELK4 ZNF654 ZNF362 SMAD5 EPGN AREG EREG ENSG00000250532
- Elite enhancer and/or Elite enhancer-gene association Download GeneHancer data dump

Enhancers around AREG on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Promoters for AREG Gene
Ensembl Regulatory Elements (ENSRs) TSS Distance (bp) Size (bp) Binding Sites for Transcription Factors within promoters
ENSR00000169334 202 1400

Transcription factor binding sites by QIAGEN in the AREG gene promoter:

Genomic Location for AREG Gene

Chromosome:
4
Start:
74,445,098 bp from pter
End:
74,455,009 bp from pter
Size:
9,912 bases
Orientation:
Plus strand

Genomic View for AREG Gene

Genes around AREG on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Cytogenetic band:
AREG Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Location for AREG Gene
GeneLoc Logo Genomic Neighborhood • Exon Structure • Gene Density

RefSeq DNA sequence for AREG Gene

Proteins for AREG Gene

Products:

  1. Antibody
  2. Protein
  3. Assay

  • Protein details for AREG Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

    Protein Symbol:
    P15514-AREG_HUMAN
    Recommended name:
    Amphiregulin
    Protein Accession:
    P15514
    Secondary Accessions:
    • Q5U026

    Protein attributes for AREG Gene

    Size:
    252 amino acids
    Molecular mass:
    27895 Da
    Quaternary structure:
    • The immature precursor interacts with CNIH.
    Miscellaneous:
    • AR is a protein containing cysteines in disulfide linkage(s) that are essential for its biological activity. AR may contain oligosaccharides and/or lipid moieties that are not obligatory for the biological activity.

    Three dimensional structures from OCA and Proteopedia for AREG Gene

neXtProt entry for AREG Gene

Protein Expression for AREG Gene

See protein expression from ProteomicsDB, MOPED, PaxDb, and MaxQB

Post-translational modifications for AREG Gene

  • Glycosylation at posLast=3030, posLast=4141, posLast=5252, Ser53, posLast=113113, Asn119, and posLast=169169
  • Modification sites at PhosphoSitePlus

Other Protein References for AREG Gene

ENSEMBL proteins:
REFSEQ proteins:

Antibody Products

No data available for DME Specific Peptides for AREG Gene

Domains & Families for AREG Gene

Gene Families for AREG Gene

HGNC:

Protein Domains for AREG Gene

InterPro:
Blocks:
ProtoNet:

Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for AREG Gene

GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry

P15514

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:

AREG_HUMAN :
  • Belongs to the amphiregulin family.
Family:
  • Belongs to the amphiregulin family.
genes like me logo Genes that share domains with AREG: view

Function for AREG Gene

Products:

  1. Animal Model
  2. CRISPR
  3. miRNA
  4. Inhibitory RNA
  5. Clone
  6. Cell Line
  7. Flow Cytometry

Molecular function for AREG Gene

GENATLAS Biochemistry:
amphiregulin,27.9kDa,bifunctional protein possessing an epithelial cell growth regulator (EGF family) and a tumor-inhibitory activity
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
Ligand of the EGF receptor/EGFR. Autocrine growth factor as well as a mitogen for a broad range of target cells including astrocytes, Schwann cells and fibroblasts.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Induction:
By phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA).

Gene Ontology (GO) - Molecular Function for AREG Gene

GO ID Qualified GO term Evidence PubMed IDs
GO:0005125 cytokine activity IEA --
GO:0005154 epidermal growth factor receptor binding IEA,IBA --
GO:0005515 protein binding IPI 19740107
GO:0008083 growth factor activity IBA,TAS --
genes like me logo Genes that share ontologies with AREG: view
genes like me logo Genes that share phenotypes with AREG: view

Animal Models for AREG Gene

MGI Knock Outs for AREG:

Animal Model Products

miRNA for AREG Gene

miRTarBase miRNAs that target AREG

Inhibitory RNA Products

Clone Products

Flow Cytometry Products

No data available for Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) , Human Phenotype Ontology , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for AREG Gene

Localization for AREG Gene

Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for AREG Gene

Membrane; Single-pass membrane protein.

Subcellular locations from

COMPARTMENTS
Extracellular space Cytosol Plasma membrane Cytoskeleton Lysosome Endosome Peroxisome ER Golgi Apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion 0 1 2 3 4 5 Confidence
COMPARTMENTS Subcellular localization image for AREG gene
Compartment Confidence
extracellular 5
endoplasmic reticulum 4
nucleus 3
plasma membrane 2
golgi apparatus 2
cytosol 1

Gene Ontology (GO) - Cellular Components for AREG Gene

GO ID Qualified GO term Evidence PubMed IDs
GO:0000139 Golgi membrane IEA --
GO:0005615 extracellular space IDA,TAS 12743035
GO:0005622 intracellular IEA --
GO:0005634 nucleus IEA --
GO:0005737 cytoplasm IEA --
genes like me logo Genes that share ontologies with AREG: view

Pathways & Interactions for AREG Gene

genes like me logo Genes that share pathways with AREG: view

SIGNOR curated interactions for AREG Gene

Activates:
Is activated by:

Gene Ontology (GO) - Biological Process for AREG Gene

GO ID Qualified GO term Evidence PubMed IDs
GO:0006888 ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport TAS --
GO:0007173 epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway IDA 12743035
GO:0007186 G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway IDA 12743035
GO:0007267 cell-cell signaling TAS 2466334
GO:0008283 cell proliferation TAS 2466334
genes like me logo Genes that share ontologies with AREG: view

Drugs & Compounds for AREG Gene

Products:

  1. Drug

(32) Drugs for AREG Gene - From: PharmGKB and Novoseek

Name Status Disease Links Group Role Mechanism of Action Clinical Trials
Cetuximab Approved Pharma EGFR Inhibitors, Therapeutic Antibodies, Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors 752
Capecitabine Approved, Investigational Pharma RNA processing inhibitor and thymidylate synthase inhibitor, F-pyrimidines 1342
Irinotecan Approved, Investigational Pharma Topoisomerase I inhibitor, TOPO I inhibitor, Topoisomerase 1 Inhibitors 1123
Panitumumab Approved, Investigational Pharma EGFR inhibitor, EGFR Inhibitors, Therapeutic Antibodies, Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors 0
radiotherapy Pharma 0

(23) Additional Compounds for AREG Gene - From: Novoseek

Name Synonyms Role CAS Number PubChem IDs PubMed IDs
genes like me logo Genes that share compounds with AREG: view

Transcripts for AREG Gene

Products:

  1. CRISPR
  2. miRNA
  3. Inhibitory RNA
  4. Clone
  5. Flow Cytometry

mRNA/cDNA for AREG Gene

(1) REFSEQ mRNAs :
(5) Additional mRNA sequences :
(90) Selected AceView cDNA sequences:
(3) Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant :

Unigene Clusters for AREG Gene

Amphiregulin:
Representative Sequences:

Inhibitory RNA Products

Clone Products

Flow Cytometry Products

Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for AREG Gene

No ASD Table

Relevant External Links for AREG Gene

GeneLoc Exon Structure for
AREG
ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for
AREG

Expression for AREG Gene

Products:

  1. Primer

mRNA expression in normal human tissues from GTEx, Illumina, BioGPS, and CGAP SAGE for AREG Gene

mRNA expression in normal human tissues for AREG Gene
mRNA expression by BioGPS for AREG GenemRNA expression by GTEx for AREG Gene

mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery

mRNA differential expression in normal tissues according to GTEx for AREG Gene

This gene is overexpressed in Whole Blood (x7.0).

Protein differential expression in normal tissues from HIPED for AREG Gene

This gene is overexpressed in Liver (69.0).

Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB, MaxQB, and MOPED for AREG Gene



Protein tissue co-expression partners for AREG Gene

- Elite partner

NURSA nuclear receptor signaling pathways regulating expression of AREG Gene:

AREG

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for AREG Gene:

Hs.270833

Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for AREG Gene

  • Nervous system(4.2)
  • Lung(3.1)
  • Skin(2.6)
  • Intestine(2.5)
  • Stomach(2.1)
genes like me logo Genes that share expression patterns with AREG: view

Primer Products

No data available for mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt and Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for AREG Gene

Orthologs for AREG Gene

This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.

Orthologs for AREG Gene

Organism Taxonomy Gene Similarity Type Details
chimpanzee
(Pan troglodytes)
 Mammalia AREG 34 35
  • 99.07 (n)
dog
(Canis familiaris)
 Mammalia LOC475176 34
  • 86.75 (n)
-- 35
  • 83 (a)
 OneToMany
cow
(Bos Taurus)
 Mammalia LOC538751 34
  • 85.77 (n)
-- 35
  • 78 (a)
 OneToMany
mouse
(Mus musculus)
 Mammalia Areg 34 16 35
  • 78.1 (n)
rat
(Rattus norvegicus)
 Mammalia Areg 34
  • 76.19 (n)
platypus
(Ornithorhynchus anatinus)
 Mammalia -- 35
  • 53 (a)
 OneToMany
oppossum
(Monodelphis domestica)
 Mammalia -- 35
  • 52 (a)
 OneToMany
chicken
(Gallus gallus)
 Aves AREGB 34
  • 59.15 (n)
AREG 35
  • 45 (a)
 OneToMany
lizard
(Anolis carolinensis)
 Reptilia -- 35
  • 39 (a)
 OneToMany
tropical clawed frog
(Silurana tropicalis)
 Amphibia LOC100145251 34
  • 54.9 (n)
zebrafish
(Danio rerio)
 Actinopterygii AREG 35
  • 22 (a)
 OneToMany
Species where no ortholog for AREG was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
  • A. gosspyii yeast (Ashbya gossypii)
  • Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
  • African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)
  • African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae)
  • Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
  • alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
  • amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
  • Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
  • baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
  • barley (Hordeum vulgare)
  • beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
  • bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
  • Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
  • common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
  • corn (Zea mays)
  • E. coli (Escherichia coli)
  • filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
  • Firmicute bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
  • fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
  • fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)
  • green algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
  • honey bee (Apis mellifera)
  • K. lactis yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
  • loblloly pine (Pinus taeda)
  • malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
  • medicago trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
  • moss (Physcomitrella patens)
  • orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
  • pig (Sus scrofa)
  • rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
  • rice (Oryza sativa)
  • rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
  • schistosome parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
  • sea anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
  • sea squirt (Ciona intestinalis)
  • sea squirt (Ciona savignyi)
  • sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
  • sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
  • soybean (Glycine max)
  • stem rust fungus (Puccinia graminis)
  • sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
  • thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
  • tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
  • toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
  • Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
  • wheat (Triticum aestivum)
  • worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)

Evolution for AREG Gene

ENSEMBL:
Gene Tree for AREG (if available)
TreeFam:
Gene Tree for AREG (if available)

Paralogs for AREG Gene

Paralogs for AREG Gene

(2) SIMAP similar genes for AREG Gene using alignment to 2 proteins:

genes like me logo Genes that share paralogs with AREG: view

Variants for AREG Gene

Sequence variations from dbSNP and Humsavar for AREG Gene

SNP ID Clin Chr 04 pos Sequence Context AA Info Type
rs1000042196 -- 74,450,284(+) TTTAA(A/T)GTTGG intron-variant
rs1000485195 -- 74,445,545(+) GCTCC(C/T)TCCCT intron-variant
rs1000658719 -- 74,449,688(+) AGGTT(C/G)AGACT intron-variant
rs1000778599 -- 74,447,347(+) TTTAA(A/G)TACTA intron-variant
rs1000835953 -- 74,445,904(+) TTAAC(A/T)CTGGG intron-variant

Structural Variations from Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) for AREG Gene

Variant ID Type Subtype PubMed ID
dgv2829n106 CNV deletion 24896259
esv2664200 CNV deletion 23128226
nsv1009099 CNV gain 25217958
nsv1074187 CNV deletion 25765185
nsv525980 CNV gain 19592680
nsv950052 CNV deletion 24416366

Variation tolerance for AREG Gene

Gene Damage Index Score: 2.15; 38.98% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)

Relevant External Links for AREG Gene

SNPedia medical, phenotypic, and genealogical associations of SNPs for
AREG

No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for AREG Gene

Disorders for AREG Gene

MalaCards: The human disease database

(15) MalaCards diseases for AREG Gene - From: DISEASES, Novoseek, and GeneCards

Disorder Aliases PubMed IDs
psoriasis
colorectal cancer
  • colorectal cancer, somatic
breast cancer
  • breast cancer, invasive ductal
lung cancer
  • lung cancer, protection against
mucoepidermoid carcinoma
  • mec
- elite association - COSMIC cancer census association via MalaCards
Search AREG in MalaCards View complete list of genes associated with diseases

Relevant External Links for AREG

Genetic Association Database (GAD)
AREG
Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator
AREG
Tumor Gene Database (TGDB):
AREG
Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology:
AREG
genes like me logo Genes that share disorders with AREG: view

No data available for UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Genatlas for AREG Gene

Publications for AREG Gene

  1. Colorectum cell-derived growth factor (CRDGF) is homologous to amphiregulin, a member of the epidermal growth factor family. (PMID: 1333777) Culouscou J.-M. … Shoyab M. (Growth Factors 1992) 3 4 22 64
  2. A heparin sulfate-regulated human keratinocyte autocrine factor is similar or identical to amphiregulin. (PMID: 2017164) Cook P.W. … Shipley G.D. (Mol. Cell. Biol. 1991) 3 4 22 64
  3. Clarification of the C-terminal proteolytic processing site of human Amphiregulin. (PMID: 22967896) Levano K.S. … Kenny P.A. (FEBS Lett. 2012) 3 4 64
  4. Evaluation of candidate stromal epithelial cross-talk genes identifies association between risk of serous ovarian cancer and TERT, a cancer susceptibility "hot-spot". (PMID: 20628624) Johnatty S.E. … . (PLoS Genet. 2010) 3 46 64
  5. Metalloproteinase-mediated, context-dependent function of amphiregulin and HB-EGF in human keratinocytes and skin. (PMID: 19609315) Stoll S.W. … Elder J.T. (J. Invest. Dermatol. 2010) 3 22 64

Products for AREG Gene

Sources for AREG Gene

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