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Category   Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21
GIFtS

ARAP2 Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 52
GCID: GC04M036067

ArfGAP with RhoGAP domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain...

(Previous names: centaurin, delta 1 )
(Previous symbol: CENTD1)
 Explore 7 diseases affiliated with
ARAP2 via our new
 Human Malady Compendium 
Biological research products
for ARAP2
    

(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc, 7Ensembl, 8DME, 9miRBase, and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
ArfGAP With RhoGAP Domain, Ankyrin Repeat And PH Domain 21 2     Arf-GAP With Rho-GAP Domain, ANK Repeat And PH Domain-Containing Protein 22
CENTD11 2 3 5     Centaurin-Delta-11
PARX1 2     Cnt-D11
Centaurin, Delta 11 2     Centaurin-Delta-11
KIAA05803 5     Cnt-D11
Arf And Rho GAP Adapter Protein 22     Protein PARX3

External Ids:    HGNC: 169241   Entrez Gene: 1169842   Ensembl: ENSG000000473657   OMIM: 6066455   UniProtKB: Q8WZ643   

Export aliases for ARAP2 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC04M035744 GC04M035394


(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for ARAP2:
The protein encoded by this gene contains ARF-GAP, RHO-GAP, ankyrin repeat, RAS-associating, and pleckstrin homology
domains. The protein is a phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate-dependent Arf6 GAP that binds RhoA-GTP, but it
lacks the predicted catalytic arginine in the RHO-GAP domain and does not have RHO-GAP activity. The protein
associates with focal adhesions and functions downstream of RhoA to regulate focal adhesion dynamics. (provided by
RefSeq, Sep 2008)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: ARAP2_HUMAN, Q8WZ64
Function: Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent GTPase-activating protein that modulates actin
cytoskeleton remodeling by regulating ARF and RHO family members. Is activated by phosphatidylinositol
3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3) binding. Can be activated by phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate
(PtdIns(3,4,5)P2) binding, albeit with lower efficiency (By similarity)

Gene Wiki entry for ARAP2 (CENTD1)


(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000004.11  NC_018915.1  NT_016297.16  
Regulatory elements:
   SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the ARAP2 gene promoter:
         AML1a   MEF-2   RORalpha2   Evi-1   MEF-2A   POU2F1   POU2F1a   aMEF-2   RSRFC4   Meis-1   
         Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmidARAP2 promoter sequence
   Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for ARAP2

Epigenetics:
QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat ARAP2


Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 4p14   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  4p14   HGNC cytogenetic band: 4p15.1

ARAP2 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
ARAP2 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 4         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC04M036067:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
36,067,620 bp from pter      End:
36,246,131 bp from pter
Size:
178,512 bases      Orientation:
minus strand

(According to 1UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: ARAP2_HUMAN, Q8WZ64 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: Arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2  
Size: 1704 amino acids; 193452 Da
Subcellular location: Cytoplasm (By similarity)
Sequence caution: Sequence=AAL04166.1; Type=Frameshift; Positions=1579;
2 PDB 3D structures from and Proteopedia for ARAP2:
1X40 (3D)        2COD (3D)    
Secondary accessions: Q4W5D2 Q7Z2L5 Q96L70 Q96P49 Q9Y4E4

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for ARAP2: NX_Q8WZ64

Post-translational modifications:

  • View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus2
  • View neXtProt modification sites for NX_Q8WZ64

  • ARAP2 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb:    About this image 
    Estimated protein expression log10 (pmol).

    REFSEQ proteins: NP_056045.2  
    ENSEMBL proteins: 
     ENSP00000302895   ENSP00000423886   ENSP00000422731  
    Reactome Protein details: Q8WZ64
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    Gene Ontology (GO): 1 cellular component term (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005829cytosol TAS--


    ARAP2 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



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    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section

    ARAP2 for domains           About GeneDecksing

    5/9 InterPro domains/families (see all 9):
     IPR013761 SAM/pointed
     IPR001660 SAM
     IPR021129 SAM_type1
     IPR008936 Rho_GTPase_activation_prot
     IPR001849 Pleckstrin_homology

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry Q8WZ64

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q8WZ64

    5 Blocks protein families:
    IPB000159 RA domain
    IPB000198 RhoGAP domain
    IPB001164 HIV Rev interacting protein signature
    IPB001660 Sterile alpha motif SAM
    IPB001849 Pleckstrin-like


    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: ARAP2_HUMAN, Q8WZ64
    Similarity: Contains 1 Arf-GAP domain
    Similarity: Contains 5 PH domains
    Similarity: Contains 1 Ras-associating domain
    Similarity: Contains 1 Rho-GAP domain
    Similarity: Contains 1 SAM (sterile alpha motif) domain


    (According to 1UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or 2DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
    bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section

    Function Summary:

         UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: ARAP2_HUMAN, Q8WZ64
    Function: Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent GTPase-activating protein that modulates actin
    cytoskeleton remodeling by regulating ARF and RHO family members. Is activated by phosphatidylinositol
    3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3) binding. Can be activated by phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate
    (PtdIns(3,4,5)P2) binding, albeit with lower efficiency (By similarity)

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    Gene Ontology (GO): 3 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005547phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate binding IDA11804589
    GO:0008060ARF GTPase activator activity IEA--
    GO:0008270zinc ion binding IEA--


    ARAP2 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    (Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, 3I2D, and/or 4STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
    About This Section

    Unified GeneCards pathways  About this table 
    See pathways by source

    Super-pathwaycontained gene-specific pathways
    1Cell death signalling via NRAGE, NRIF and NADE
    Signaling by Rho GTPases0.25
    Rho GTPase cycle0.25
    2Arf6 signaling events
    Arf6 signaling events1.00
    3Endocytosis
    Endocytosis1.00
    4Signaling by GPCR
    Signal Transduction0.56

    Pathway sources
    See GeneCards unified pathways
    Show all pathways


    1 BioSystems Pathway for ARAP2 
        Arf6 signaling events

    3        Reactome Pathways for ARAP2
        Signaling by Rho GTPases
    Signal Transduction
    Rho GTPase cycle


    1         Kegg Pathway  (Kegg details for ARAP2):
        Endocytosis


    ARAP2 for pathways           About GeneDecksing

    Interactions:

        Search SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Networks for ARAP2

    STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 25)

    5/36 Interacting proteins for ARAP2 (Q8WZ642 ENSP000003028954) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 36)
    InteractantInteraction Details
    GeneCardExternal ID(s)
    ARF6ENSP000002983164STRING: ENSP00000298316
    GDI2ENSP000003695384STRING: ENSP00000369538
    ARHGAP4ENSP000002037864STRING: ENSP00000203786
    ARHGDIAENSP000002693214STRING: ENSP00000269321
    ARHGDIBENSP000002289454STRING: ENSP00000228945
    About this table

    Gene Ontology (GO): 3 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0007264small GTPase mediated signal transduction TAS--
    GO:0032312regulation of ARF GTPase activity IEA--
    GO:0051056regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction TAS--


    ARAP2 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
    About This Section
    Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore
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    (Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
    GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
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    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
    About This Section

    REFSEQ mRNAs for ARAP2 gene (2 alternative transcripts): 
    NM_015230.3  NM_139182.1  

    Unigene Cluster for ARAP2:

    ArfGAP with RhoGAP domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain 2
    Hs.479451  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_015230
    6 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:
    ENST00000303965(uc003gsq.2) ENST00000512804 ENST00000503904 ENST00000508066(uc003gsr.1)
    ENST00000511416 ENST00000506189

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    8/58 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate ARAP2 (see all 58):
    hsa-miR-142-5p hsa-miR-579 hsa-miR-4328 hsa-miR-300 hsa-miR-106a hsa-miR-938 hsa-miR-30d hsa-miR-624
    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmidARAP2 3' UTR sequence
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    Additional cDNA sequence: 

    AB011152.2 AF411982.1 AF439781.1 AK126864.1 AY049733.1 BC031283.1 BC105089.1 BC105091.1 
    BC150258.1 

    9 DOTS entries:

    DT.312377  DT.101975654  DT.99932656  DT.100019194  DT.91703831  DT.99971847  DT.121256429  DT.121256406 
    DT.95155198 

    24/127 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 127):

    AI880228 CB250545 BM054835 AU140056 AY049733 AA743233 AI470829 BF592992 
    BE464109 NM_015230 AF439781 BX488924 AB011152 AA743378 BM127801 AW271348 
    AF411982 CK904685 NM_139182 AK126864 AW183858 CB157753 AL710013 AI401119 

    GeneLoc Exon Structure

    5 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for ARAP2    About this scheme

    ExUns: 1 ^ 2a · 2b · 2c ^ 3a · 3b · 3c ^ 4 ^ 5 ^ 6 ^ 7 ^ 8 ^ 9 ^ 10 ^ 11 ^ 12 ^ 13 ^ 14a · 14b ^ 15a · 15b ^ 16 ^ 17 ^ 18a · 18b ^ 19 ^
    SP1:                                                                                                                    -                                       
    SP2:                    -                                                                                                                                       
    SP3:                                                                                                                                                            
    SP4:        -     -     -                                                                                                                                       
    SP5:                                                                                                                                                            

    ExUns: 20 ^ 21 ^ 22 ^ 23 ^ 24 ^ 25 ^ 26 ^ 27 ^ 28 ^ 29 ^ 30 ^ 31 ^ 32 ^ 33
    SP1:                                                                                    
    SP2:                                                                                    
    SP3:                                                                                    
    SP4:                                                                                    
    SP5:                                                                                    


    ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for ARAP2

    (RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
    PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
    About This Section

    ARAP2 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
    See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
    About this imageBioGPS
    CGAP TAG: --

    Microarray
    RNAseq (Illumina Body Map)
    (100×FPKM)½
    SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression)

    About this image
    See ARAP2 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
    Genevestigator expression for ARAP2

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.479451

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: ARAP2_HUMAN, Q8WZ64
    Tissue specificity: Detected in brain, thymus, lymph node, thyroid, spinal cord, trachea, heart, skeletal muscle,
    spleen, kidney, liver, placenta, lung and peripheral blood leukocytes

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    In Situ
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    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD , 5MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or 6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
    About This Section

    This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.

    Orthologs for ARAP2 gene from 4/17 species (see all 17)    About this table
    Organism Taxonomic
    classification
    Gene Description Human
    Similarity
    Orthology
    Type
    Details
    chicken
    (Gallus gallus)
    Aves ARAP21 ArfGAP with RhoGAP domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain more 68.27(n)
    63.96(a)
      428790  XM_426346.3  XP_426346.3 
    lizard
    (Anolis carolinensis)
    Reptilia ARAP26
    --
    68(a)
    1 ↔ 1
    GL343823.1(82177-158868)
    zebrafish
    (Danio rerio)
    Actinopterygii LOC5596901 arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing more 53.7(n)
    45.43(a)
      559690  XM_683053.5  XP_688145.5 
    worm
    (Caenorhabditis elegans)
    Secernentea cnt-26
    cnt-16
    CeNTaurin family member (cnt-1)
    9(a)
    11(a)
    1 ↔ many
    possible ortholog
    III(10655671-10677423)
    II(12072006-12088797)


    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for ARAP2 (if available)
    TreeFam Gene Tree for ARAP2 (if available) 

    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene,
    2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
    About This Section
    Paralogs for ARAP2 gene
    AGAP52  AGAP62  ASAP12  ACAP22  ARAP32  GIT22  ACAP32  ARAP12  
    ASAP22  AGAP32  GIT12  AGAP22  AGAP42  AGAP12  AGAP82  ACAP12  
    AGAP72  AGAP102  AGAP92  ASAP32  
    3 SIMAP similar genes for ARAP2 using alignment to 5 protein entries:     ARAP2_HUMAN (see all proteins):
    ARAP1    ARAP3    ARFGAP1

    ARAP2 for paralogs           About GeneDecksing



    (SNPs/Variants according to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
    About This Section

    Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
    Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 1 variation for ARAP2
         1 CNV: 4388
    SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays
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    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section

    ARAP2 for disorders           About GeneDecksing

    OMIM gene information: 606645    OMIM disorders: --

    7 diseases for ARAP2:    About MalaCards
    urinary schistosomiasis    loiasis    strongyloidiasis    schistosomiasis
    rheumatoid arthritis    arthritis    thyroiditis

    2 diseases from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for ARAP2:
    Loiasis     Urinary schistosomiasis

    Export disorders for ARAP2 gene to outside databases

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Entrez Gene, 2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 3HGNC, 4GAD, 5PharmGKB, 6HMDB, 7DrugBank, 8UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 9 Novoseek, and/or 10fRNAdb)
    About This Section

    PubMed articles for ARAP2 gene integrated from 9 sources:
    (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with ARAP2)
        Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
    world of online information

    1. Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4. (PubMed id 15815621)1, 2 Hillier L.W....Wilson R.K. (2005)
    2. ARAP1: a point of convergence for Arf and Rho signaling. (PubMed id 11804590)1, 2 Miura K.... Randazzo P.A. (2002)
    3. Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. IX. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which can code for large proteins in vitro. (PubMed id 9628581)1, 2 Nagase T....Ohara O. (1998)
    4. Critical role for the host GTPase-activating protein ARAP2 in InlB-mediated entry of Listeria monocytogenes. (PubMed id 20823205)1 Gavicherla B....Ireton K. (2010)
    5. Genome-wide association scan identifies candidate polymorphisms associated with differential response to anti-TNF treatment in Rheumatoid Arthritis. (PubMed id 18615156)1 Liu C....Gregersen P.K. (2008)
    6. Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. (PubMed id 17081983)1 Olsen J.V....Mann M. (2006)
    7. ARAP2 effects on the actin cytoskeleton are dependent on Arf6-specific GTPase-activating-protein activity and binding to RhoA-GTP. (PubMed id 17077126)1 Yoon H.Y....Randazzo P.A. (2006)
    8. Identification of ARAP3, a novel PI3K effector regulating both Arf and Rho GTPases, by selective capture on phosphoinositide affinity matrices. (PubMed id 11804589)1 Krugmann S....Hawkins P.T. (2002)
    9. Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. (PubMed id 12477932)1 Strausberg R.L....Marra M.A. (2002)
    10. Toward a complete human genome sequence. (PubMed id 9847074)1 Wilson R. (1998)

    (in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
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    Aliases
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    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
    About This Section
    Entrez Gene: 116984 HGNC: 16924 AceView: CENTD1 Ensembl:ENSG00000047365 euGenes: HUgn116984
    ECgene: ARAP2 Kegg: 116984 H-InvDB: ARAP2

    (According to HUGE)
    About This Section
    HUGE: KIAA0580

    (According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
    Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
    About This Section
    NameDescription
    PharmGKB entry for ARAP2 Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways

    (Patent information from GeneIP,
    Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts,
    IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)
    About This Section
    Patent Information for ARAP2 gene:
    Search GeneIP for patents involving ARAP2

    GeneCards and IP:
    Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     Improving the IP Search



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    GeneCards Homepage - Last full update: 18 Mar 2013 - Incrementals: 21 Mar 2013 , 15 Apr 2013 , 26 Apr 2013

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