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Category   Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21
GIFtS

APLN Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 53
GCID: GC0XM128779

apelin

(Previous names: apelin, AGTRL1 ligand )
 Explore 38 diseases affiliated with
APLN via
MalaCards
our new
 Human Malady Compendium 
Biological research products
for APLN    

Aliases
for APLN gene

(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc, 7Ensembl, 8DME, 9miRBase, and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section
Aliases
Apelin1
XNPEP21 2
APEL2 3
APJ Endogenous Ligand2 3
Apelin, AGTRL1 Ligand1
AGTRL1 Ligand2

External Ids:    HGNC: 166651   Entrez Gene: 88622   Ensembl: ENSG000001713887   OMIM: 3002975   UniProtKB: Q9ULZ13   

Export aliases for APLN gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC0XM126724 GC0XM127485 GC0XM128504 GC0XM128607 GC0XM118183


Summaries
for APLN gene

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section
Entrez Gene summary for APLN:
This gene encodes a peptide that functions as an endogenous ligand for the G protein coupled receptor APJ. The encoded
protein is synthesized as a prepropeptide that is processed into biologically active C-terminal fragments. The peptide
fragments activate different tissue specific signaling pathways that regulate diverse biological functions including
fluid homeostasis, cardiovascular function and insulin secretion. This protein also functions as a coreceptor for the
human immunodeficiency virus 1.(provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: APEL_HUMAN, Q9ULZ1
Function: Endogenous ligand for APJ, an alternative coreceptor with CD4 for HIV-1 infection. Inhibits HIV-1 entry in
cells coexpressing CD4 and APJ. Apelin-36 has a greater inhibitory activity on HIV infection than other synthetic
apelin derivatives. The oral intake in the colostrum and the milk could have a role in the modulation of the immune
responses in neonates. May also have a role in the central control of body fluid homeostasis by influencing AVP
release and drinking behavior

summary for APLN:
Apelin-36, apelin-13 and [Pyr1]-apelin-13 are the predominant endogenous ligands for the apelin receptor
(APJ receptor), a G-protein-coupled receptor with considerable sequence homology to the angiotensin (AT1)
receptor. The APJ receptor and apelin peptides act as mediators of cardiovascular function, fluid
homeostasis and adipocyte endocrine secretion.

Gene Wiki entry for APLN (Apelin)


Genomic Views
for APLN gene

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000023.10  NC_018934.1  NT_011786.16  
Regulatory elements:
   SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the APLN gene promoter:
         GR   c-Fos   oct-B3   oct-B2   AP-1   ATF-2   c-Jun   GR-alpha   
         Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: APLN promoter sequence
   Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for APLN

Epigenetics:
QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat APLN


Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: Xq25   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  Xq26.1   HGNC cytogenetic band: Xq25

APLN Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
APLN gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome X         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC0XM128779:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
 128,779,236 bp from pter      End:
 128,788,933 bp from pter
Size:
 9,698 bases      Orientation:
 minus strand

Proteins
for APLN gene

(According to 1UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: APEL_HUMAN, Q9ULZ1 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: Apelin precursor  
Size: 77 amino acids; 8569 Da
Subcellular location: Secreted
Sequence caution: Sequence=CAI95697.1; Type=Erroneous gene model prediction;
Secondary accessions: Q4VY08 Q8WU89

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for APLN: NX_Q9ULZ1

Post-translational modifications:

  • Several active peptides may be produced by proteolytic processing of the peptide precursor1
  • View neXtProt modification sites for NX_Q9ULZ1

    • APLN Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb:    About this image 
    Estimated protein expression log10 (pmol).

    REFSEQ proteins: NP_059109.3  
    ENSEMBL proteins: 
     ENSP00000391800   ENSP00000390834   ENSP00000305464  
    Reactome Protein details: Q9ULZ1
    Human Recombinant Protein Products: 
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    OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysate: APLN
    OriGene Custom Protein Services for APLN 
    GenScript Custom Purified and Recombinant Proteins Services for APLN
    Novus Biologicals APLN Proteins
    Novus Biologicals APLN Lysates
    Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
    Browse ProSpec Recombinant Proteins
    Uscn Proteins for APLN

    Gene Ontology (GO): 3 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005576extracellular region TAS--
    GO:0005615extracellular space IEA--
    GO:0048471perinuclear region of cytoplasm IEA--


    APLN for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    APLN Antibody Products: 
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    Abcam antibodies for APLN 
    Uscn Antibodies for APLN
    Search ThermoFisher Antibodies for APLN

    Assay Products for APLN: 
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    Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for APLN

    Protein Domains /
    Families
    for APLN gene

    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section
    APLN for domains           About GeneDecksing

    1 InterPro domain/family:
     IPR026155 Apelin

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry Q9ULZ1

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q9ULZ1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: APEL_HUMAN, Q9ULZ1
    Similarity: Belongs to the apelin family


    Function
    for APLN gene

    (According to 1UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or 2DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
    bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section
    Function Summary:

         UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: APEL_HUMAN, Q9ULZ1
    Function: Endogenous ligand for APJ, an alternative coreceptor with CD4 for HIV-1 infection. Inhibits HIV-1 entry in
    cells coexpressing CD4 and APJ. Apelin-36 has a greater inhibitory activity on HIV infection than other synthetic
    apelin derivatives. The oral intake in the colostrum and the milk could have a role in the modulation of the immune
    responses in neonates. May also have a role in the central control of body fluid homeostasis by influencing AVP
    release and drinking behavior

         Summary:  

    APLN as growth factor is involved in stem cell differentiation protocols towards the derivation of the following cells: Beating embryoid bodies, BMP4-induced embryoid bodies (see all 4).

    miRNA
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    QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat APLN
    8/59 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate APLN (see all 59):
    hsa-miR-124* hsa-miR-142-5p hsa-miR-345 hsa-miR-15a hsa-miR-503 hsa-miR-1304 hsa-miR-424 hsa-miR-124
    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: APLN 3' UTR sequence
    Inhib. RNA
    Products:            		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
    OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for APLN (see all 7)
    OriGene shRNA RFP: APLN
    OriGene siRNA: APLN
    QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat APLN

    Gene Editing
    Products:    		DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for APLN

    Clone
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    OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for APLN (see all 3)
    OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for APLN
    OriGene custom cloning services – gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling 
    GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector: APLN (NM_005161)
    Browse Sino Biological Human cDNA Clones
    DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for APLN
    Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat APLN 

    Cell Line
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    Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for APLN

    In Situ Assay
    Products:       
         		Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for APLN

    Gene Ontology (GO): 3 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005102receptor binding TAS10525157
    GO:0005179hormone activity IEA--
    GO:0031704apelin receptor binding IEA--


    APLN for ontologies           About GeneDecksing


    Animal Models:
         Mouse knock-outs for APLN: Aplntm1Ntak Aplntm1Pngr
         7 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 3 alleles) (MGI details for Apln):
     behavior/neurological  cardiovascular system  embryogenesis  growth/size  homeostasis/metabolism 
     muscle  vision/eye 

    APLN for phenotypes           About GeneDecksing


    Pathways & Interactions
    for APLN gene

    (Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, 3I2D, and/or 4STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
    About This Section

    Unified GeneCards pathways  About this table 
    See pathways by source

    Super-pathwaycontained gene-specific pathways
    1Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors)
    		Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors)1.00
    		Peptide ligand-binding receptors0.61
    		GPCR ligand binding0.75
    		G alpha (i) signalling events0.44
    2Signaling by GPCR
    		Signaling by GPCR1.00
    		Signal Transduction0.56
    		GPCR downstream signaling0.89

    Pathway sources
    See GeneCards unified pathways
    Show all pathways


    5/7        Reactome Pathways for APLN (see all 7)
        GPCR downstream signaling
    Peptide ligand-binding receptors
    Signal Transduction
    Signaling by GPCR
    G alpha (i) signalling events



    APLN for pathways           About GeneDecksing

    Interactions:

        SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for APLN

    STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 25)

    5/144 Interacting proteins for APLN (Q9ULZ13 ENSP000003054644) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 144)
    InteractantInteraction Details
    GeneCardExternal ID(s)
    APLNRP354143, ENSP000002572544I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000257254
    MDFIQ997503, ENSP000002303214I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000230321
    CCR5ENSP000002923034STRING: ENSP00000292303
    GALENSP000002656434STRING: ENSP00000265643
    HEBP1ENSP000000149304STRING: ENSP00000014930
    About this table

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/16 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 16):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0002026regulation of the force of heart contraction IEA--
    GO:0006955immune response TAS10525157
    GO:0007165signal transduction IEA--
    GO:0007595lactation TAS10525157
    GO:0007631feeding behavior ----


    APLN for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    Drugs & Compounds
    for APLN gene

    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
    About This Section

    APLN for compounds           About GeneDecksing

    Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore
    Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

    Compounds for APLN available from Tocris Bioscience    About this table
    CompoundAction CAS #
    Apelin-36 (rat, mouse) Endogenous APJ receptor agonist[230299-95-3]
    OBAAPhospholipase A2 inhibitor[221632-26-4]
    Benzoquinonium dibromideNicotinic antagonist[311-09-1]
    Apelin-17 (human, bovine) Endogenous APJ receptor agonist[217082-57-0]
    8 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for APLN gene    About this table
    Compound   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    glucose 20.1 22 19756893 (5), 20346374 (3), 17177135 (3), 19643928 (2) (see all 9)
    ly294002 11.9 5 16563531 (1), 17136493 (1)
    matrigel 9.04 3 15530405 (1), 17129829 (1)
    nitric oxide 2.23 9 17628718 (2), 18772060 (2), 11384769 (1), 19344973 (1) (see all 5)
    cholesterol 0 2 17647139 (1), 16549903 (1)
    calcium 0 3 19100414 (1), 10871767 (1), 18082469 (1)
    phosphatidylinositol 0 1 15677759 (1)
    alanine 0 1 19100414 (1)

    Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about APLN / APEL 

    Transcripts
    for APLN gene

    (Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
    GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
    siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
    About This Section
    REFSEQ mRNAs for APLN gene: 
    NM_017413.4  

    Unigene Cluster for APLN:

    Apelin
    Hs.303084  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_017413
    3 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:
    ENST00000429967 ENST00000427399 ENST00000307484(uc004eus.3)

    miRNA
    Products:             		 OriGene 3'-UTR Clone: APLN
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    QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat APLN
    8/59 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate APLN (see all 59):
    hsa-miR-124* hsa-miR-142-5p hsa-miR-345 hsa-miR-15a hsa-miR-503 hsa-miR-1304 hsa-miR-424 hsa-miR-124
    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: APLN 3' UTR sequence
    Inhib. RNA
    Products:             		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
    OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for APLN (see all 7)
    OriGene shRNA RFP: APLN
    OriGene siRNA: APLN
    QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat APLN
    Clone
    Products:             		 OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for APLN (see all 3)
    OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for APLN
    OriGene custom cloning services – gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling 
    GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector: APLN (NM_005161)
    DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for APLN
    Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat APLN 
    Primer
    Products:            		 OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for APLN
    Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
    SABiosciences RT2 qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat APLN
      QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat APLN
      QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat APLN

    Additional cDNA sequence: 

    AB023493.1 AF086248.1 AK001855.1 AK312061.1 AY358657.1 BC021104.1 

    7 DOTS entries:

    DT.113501  DT.95157535  DT.75148381  DT.121284804  DT.100743542  DT.86852695  DT.91750146 

    24/81 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 81):

    AA367347 BQ024597 BM741808 AA676726 BM992527 BM975075 NM_017413 BC021104 
    AY358657 AI419647 W94900 AW015212 AF086248 BF939872 AA680168 AB023493 
    W67638 BQ006616 BF525679 CA444588 AL544890 AA101878 BE855577 BQ006379 

    GeneLoc Exon Structure


    Expression
    for APLN gene

    (RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
    PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
    About This Section

    APLN expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
    See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
    About this imageBioGPS
    CGAP TAG: TTCAGGAGGG

    Microarray
    RNAseq (Illumina Body Map)
    (100×FPKM)½
    SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression)
    About this image

    APLN expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells
    Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine    About this table
    3 LifeMap In Vivo Development Anatomical Compartments/Cells 
    Tissue Anatomical Compartment CellCategory (developmental path)
    BrainBlood Brain BarrierPostnatal Endothelial CellsBlood Brain Barrier, Endothelium
    OvaryAntral FollicleCumulus CellsOvary
    OvaryPrimary FollicleGranulosa CellsOvary
    Expression: Positive    Negative     Selective marker
    Experimental details: Curated     Microarrays     In-situ hybridization
    Stem Cell Differentiation: 8 LifeMap Cells 
    NameCategory
    PureStem™ endothelial progenitor 30-MV2-12 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)Blood, Endothelium
    PureStem™ endothelial Progenitor 30-SM2-3 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)Blood, Endothelium
    Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) (Primary Cell)Endothelium
    PureStem™ endothelial progenitor 30-SM2-1 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)Endothelium
    PureStem™ endothelial progenitor RP1-MV2-18 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)Endothelium
    PureStem™ endothelial progenitor 30-MV2-14 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)Endothelium
    PureStem™ progenitor W10 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)
    Line H7 (WA07) (Embryonic Stem Cell)Early Embryo, Inner Cell Mass

    See APLN Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
    Genevestigator expression for APLN

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.303084

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: APEL_HUMAN, Q9ULZ1
    Tissue specificity: Expressed in the brain with highest levels in the frontal cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus and
    midbrain. Secreted by the mammary gland into the colostrum and the milk

        SABiosciences Custom PCR Arrays for APLN
    Primer
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    QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat APLN
    In Situ
    Assay Products:     
         		Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for APLN

    Orthologs
    for APLN gene

    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD , 5MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or 6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
    About This Section
    This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.

    Orthologs for APLN gene from 2/7 species (see all 7)    About this table
    Organism Taxonomic
    classification    		 Gene Description Human
    Similarity    		 Orthology
    Type    		 Details
    mouse
    (Mus musculus)    		 Mammalia Apln1 , 5 apelin1, 5 82.25(n)1
    83.12(a)1    		   X (25.48 cM)5
    308781  NM_013912.31  NP_038940.11 
     480251465 
    zebrafish
    (Danio rerio)    		 Actinopterygii apln6
    		 apelin
    		 34(a)
    		 1 ↔ 1
    		 14(34697936-34729591)


    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for APLN (if available)
    TreeFam Gene Tree for APLN (if available) 

    Paralogs
    for APLN gene

    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene,
    2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
    About This Section
    		  --

    Genomic Variants
    for APLN gene

    (SNPs/Variants according to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
    About This Section

    10/136 NCBI SNPs in APLN are shown (see all 136)     About this table
    Genomic DataTranscription Related DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidClinical
    significance    		Chr X posSequence#AA
    Chg    		TypeMore#Allele
    freq    		PopTotal
    sample    		More
    ----------
    rs1915203991,2
    		--128778826(+) GAGCCA/GCCGCT 1 -- ds50010--------
    rs1815159131,2
    		--128778935(+) TTTCTC/TTCCTA 1 -- ds50010--------
    rs1862411481,2
    		--128778974(+) TTTGTC/TTGAAG 1 -- ds50010--------
    rs1402718981,2
    		--128779163(+) ACCCAA/GTGTTC 1 -- ds50010--------
    rs557709201,2
    		C,--128779207(+) ACAAAT/CGTGAA 1 -- ds50013Minor allele frequency- C:0.00WA NA 5
    rs1910910121,2
    		--128779208(+) CAAACA/GTGAAG 1 -- ds50010--------
    rs1820697711,2
    		--128779284(+) CATCAA/GGCAAC 1 -- ut310--------
    rs1877629361,2
    		--128779333(+) TTATCA/TAATGT 1 -- ut310--------
    rs1910669741,2
    		--128779334(+) TATCAA/CATGTA 1 -- ut310--------
    rs2010085141,2
    		--128779503(+) GCTTT-/AAAAAA 1 -- ut310--------

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for APLN (128779236 - 128788933 bp)
    Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
    Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 1 variation for APLN
         1 CNV: 4172
    Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB): APLN

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    Disorders / Diseases
    for APLN gene

    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section
    APLN for disorders           About GeneDecksing

    OMIM gene information: 300297    OMIM disorders: --

    20/38 diseases for APLN (see all 38):    About MalaCards
    immunodeficiency    type 2 diabetes mellitus    proliferative diabetic retinopathy    sleep apnea
    insulin resistance    diabetic retinopathy    myocardial infarction    atrial fibrillation
    acute myocardial infarction    fatty liver disease    telangiectasis    aortic aneurysm
    diabetes mellitus    morbid obesity    gestational diabetes    dilated cardiomyopathy
    apnea    liver disease    cardiomyopathy    obesity

    10/18 Novoseek disease relationships for APLN gene (see all 18)    About this table

    Disease   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    heart failure 50.8 31 20385929 (3), 19785937 (3), 18583184 (3), 17223209 (2) (see all 16)
    insulin resistance 49.6 14 20233941 (2), 17177135 (2), 16723381 (2), 20403579 (1) (see all 10)
    obesity 44.5 27 16723381 (4), 19756893 (3), 20233941 (2), 16733497 (2) (see all 13)
    cardiovascular diseases 35.3 9 19829178 (2), 17266543 (2), 12681234 (1), 17970534 (1) (see all 7)
    atherosclerosis 31 4 12193079 (1), 19940327 (1), 20178040 (1)
    immunodeficiency 30.5 4 12939143 (1), 10475064 (1), 11090199 (1)
    inflammation 29.1 13 19100414 (2), 19304942 (2), 19278844 (1), 18816630 (1) (see all 10)
    hyperinsulinemia 23.4 4 20233941 (1), 20045153 (1), 17647139 (1), 16733497 (1)
    cardiomyopathy 20.4 4 17204831 (2), 16549903 (1)
    coronary artery disease 18.9 4 20403579 (2), 19100414 (1), 16549903 (1)

    Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: APLN (8 documents)

    Export disorders for APLN gene to outside databases

    Publications
    for APLN gene

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Entrez Gene, 2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 3HGNC, 4GAD, 5PharmGKB, 6HMDB, 7DrugBank, 8UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 9 Novoseek, and/or 10fRNAdb)
    About This Section

    PubMed articles for APLN gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 215):
    (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with APLN)    		    Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
    world of online information

    1. Apelin, the natural ligand of the orphan receptor APJ, is abundantly secreted in the colostrum. (PubMed id 10525157)1, 2, 3 Habata Y.... Fujino M. (1999)
    2. Isolation and characterization of a novel endogenous peptide ligand for the human APJ receptor. (PubMed id 9792798)1, 2, 3 Tatemoto K....Fujino M. (1998)
    3. Apelin, the natural ligand of the orphan seven-transmembrane receptor APJ, inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 entry. (PubMed id 11090199)1, 2, 9 Cayabyab M.... Sodroski J. (2000)
    4. Characterization of apelin, the ligand for the APJ receptor. (PubMed id 10617103)1, 2, 9 Lee D.K.... O'Dowd B.F. (2000)
    5. The DNA sequence of the human X chromosome. (PubMed id 15772651)1, 2 Ross M.T.... Bentley D.R. (2005)
    6. The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)1, 2 Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
    7. Apelin and its receptor are expressed in human osteoblasts. (PubMed id 16563531)1, 9 Xie H....Liao E.Y. (2006)
    8. Apelin, a newly identified adipokine up-regulated by insulin and obesity. (PubMed id 15677759)1, 9 Boucher J....Valet P. (2005)
    9. [Pyr1]apelin-13 identified as the predominant apelin isoform in the human heart: vasoactive mechanisms and inotropic action in disea se. (PubMed id 19597036)1, 9 Maguire J.J....Davenport A.P. (2009)
    10. TNFalpha up-regulates apelin expression in human and mouse adipose tissue. (PubMed id 16723381)1, 9 Daviaud D....Castan-Laurell I. (2006)

    External Searches for APLN gene

    (in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
    About This Section
     ANDOR
    Aliases
    Disorders
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    Genome Databases showing APLN gene

    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
    About This Section
    Entrez Gene: 8862 HGNC: 16665 AceView: APLN Ensembl:ENSG00000171388 euGenes: HUgn8862
    ECgene: APLN H-InvDB: APLN

    Other Databases showing APLN gene

    (According to HUGE)
    About This Section
    		   --

    Specialized Databases showing APLN gene

    (According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
    Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
    About This Section
    NameDescription
    PharmGKB entry for APLN Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways

    Intellectual Property
    for APLN gene

    (Patent information from GeneIP,
    Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts,
    IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)
    About This Section
    		Patent Information for APLN gene:
    Search GeneIP for patents involving APLN

    GeneCards and IP:
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