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ALB Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 71
GCID: GC04P074259

Albumin

See ALB-related diseases
at

MalaCards

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, ¹⁰fRNAdb, ¹²H-InvDB, ¹³NCBI, ¹⁴NONCODE, and/or ¹⁵RNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
albumin¹ ²		Albumin (AA 34)²
PRO0883²		Cell Growth Inhibiting Protein 42²
PRO0903²		Growth-Inhibiting Protein 20²
PRO1341²		Serum Albumin²
Albumin (32 AA)²

External Ids:	HGNC: 399¹	Entrez Gene: 213²	Ensembl: ENSG00000163631⁷	OMIM: 103600⁵	UniProtKB: P02768³

Export aliases for ALB gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC04P074509 GC04P074670 GC04P074736 GC04P074635 GC04P070083

(According to Entrez Gene, GeneCards, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for ALB Gene:

Albumin is a soluble, monomeric protein which comprises about one-half of the blood serum protein. Albumin

functions primarily as a carrier protein for steroids, fatty acids, and thyroid hormones and plays a role in

stabilizing extracellular fluid volume. Albumin is a globular unglycosylated serum protein of molecular weight

65,000. Albumin is synthesized in the liver as preproalbumin which has an N-terminal peptide that is removed

before the nascent protein is released from the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The product, proalbumin, is in turn

cleaved in the Golgi vesicles to produce the secreted albumin. (provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008)

GeneCards Summary for ALB Gene:

ALB (albumin) is a protein-coding gene. Diseases associated with ALB include immunotactoid glomerulopathy, and systemic capillary leak syndrome. GO annotations related to this gene include drug binding and enzyme binding. An important paralog of this gene is AFM.

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: ALBU_HUMAN, P02768

Function: Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+),

fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs. Its main function is the regulation of the colloidal osmotic pressure

of blood. Major zinc transporter in plasma, typically binds about 80% of all plasma zinc

Gene Wiki entry for ALB (Serum albumin) Gene

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 75), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section

RefSeq DNA sequence at NCBI GenBank:

NC_000004.11 NC_018915.2 NT_016354.20

Regulatory elements:

Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the ALB gene promoter:
STAT5B TBP STAT1 STAT4 STAT1beta STAT5A STAT1alpha C/EBPalpha STAT2 STAT3
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmids (see all 15): ALB promoter sequence

Search Chromatin IP Primers for ALB

Epigenetics:

DNA Methylation CpG Assay Predesigned for Pyrosequencing in human, mouse, rat ALB

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 4q13.3 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 4q13.3 HGNC cytogenetic band: 4q13.3

ALB Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
ALB gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 4 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC04P074259: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	74,262,831 bp from pter	End:	74,287,129 bp from pter
Size:	24,299 bases	Orientation:	plus strand

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, ²neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, Cloud-Clone Corp., eBioscience, antibodies-online, and/or GeneTex,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, Cloud-Clone Corp., eBioscience, and/or antibodies-online, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, Cloud-Clone Corp, antibodies-online, and/or others.)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: ALBU_HUMAN, P02768 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Serum albumin precursor

Size: 609 amino acids; 69367 Da

Caution: A peptide arising from positions 166 to 174 was originally (PubMed:3087352 and PubMed:2437111) termed

neurotensin-related peptide (NRP) or kinetensin and was thought to regulate fat digestion, lipid absorption, and

blood flow

Sequence caution: Sequence=AAF22034.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Translation N-terminally extended;

Sequence=AAF69644.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Translation N-terminally extended; Sequence=AAG35503.1;

Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Translation N-terminally extended;

Selected PDB 3D structures from and Proteopedia for ALB (see all 86):

1AO6 (3D)

1BJ5 (3D)

1BKE (3D)

1BM0 (3D)

1E78 (3D)

1E7A (3D)

Secondary accessions: O95574 P04277 Q13140 Q645G4 Q68DN5 Q6UXK4 Q86YG0 Q9P157 Q9P1I7 Q9UHS3

Q9UJZ0

Alternative splicing: 2 isoforms: P02768-1 P02768-2

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for ALB: NX_P02768

Explore proteomics data for ALB at MOPED

Post-translational modifications:

Kenitra variant is partially O-glycosylated at Thr-620. It has two new disulfide bonds Cys-600 to Cys-602 and

Cys-601 to Cys-606¹

Glycated in diabetic patients¹

Phosphorylation sites are present in the extracellular medium¹

Acetylated on Lys-223 by acetylsalicylic acid¹

Ubiquitination² at Lys229

Glycosylation² at Lys36, Lys75, Lys161, Lys186, Lys223, Lys249, Lys257, Lys300, Lys305, Lys337,
Lys341, Asn342, Lys347, Lys375, Lys402, Lys437, Thr444, Lys463, Lys468, Asp518 (see all 25)

Modification sites at PhosphoSitePlus

See ALB Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED, PaxDB, and MaxQB

REFSEQ proteins: NP_000468.1

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000392541 ENSP00000295897 ENSP00000401820 ENSP00000423727 ENSP00000421027

ENSP00000422784 ENSP00000384695 ENSP00000426179

Reactome Protein details: P02768

ALB Human Recombinant Protein Products:

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	Novus Biologicals ALB Proteins Novus Biologicals ALB Lysates
	Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins Browse Sino Biological Cell Lysates
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	Cloud-Clone Corp. Proteins for ALB
	Search eBioscience for Proteins for ALB
	Search GeneTex for Proteins for ALB
	antibodies-online proteins for ALB (117 products)
	antibodies-online peptides for ALB

ALB Antibody Products:

	EMD Millipore Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies for the study of ALB
	R&D Systems Antibodies for ALB (Albumin)
	Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Antibodies for ALB (albumin)
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	Novus Biologicals ALB Antibodies
	Abcam antibodies for ALB
	Cloud-Clone Corp. Antibodies for ALB
	ThermoFisher Antibody for ALB
	antibodies-online antibodies for ALB (848 products)

ALB Assay Products:

	Browse Kits and Assays available from EMD Millipore
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	R&D Systems ELISAs for ALB (Albumin)
	GenScript Custom Assay Services for ALB
	Browse Enzo Life Sciences for kits & assays
	Cloud-Clone Corp. ELISAs for ALB Cloud-Clone Corp. CLIAs for ALB
	Search eBioscience for ELISAs for ALB
	antibodies-online kits for ALB (98 products)

(According to HGNC, IUPHAR, InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GenesLikeMe)
About This Section

5 InterPro protein domains:

IPR000264 ALB/AFP/VDB

IPR014760 Serum_albumin_N

IPR020858 Serum_albumin-like

IPR020857 Serum_albumin_CS

IPR021177 Serum_albumin/AFP

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P02768

ProtoNet protein and cluster: P02768

1 Blocks protein domain: IPB000264 Serum albumin family

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: ALBU_HUMAN, P02768

Similarity: Belongs to the ALB/AFP/VDB family

Similarity: Contains 3 albumin domains

Find genes that share domains with ALB About GenesLikeMe

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013, genOway,
transcription factor targeting from QIAGEN and/or HOMER, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase, shRNA from OriGene, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, SwitchGear Genomics, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from OriGene, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs and/or Addgene, Cell Lines from GenScript, ESI BIO, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Flow cytometry from eBioscience, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2014 via Entrez Gene, Sets of similar genes according to GenesLikeMe)
About This Section

Molecular Function:

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary: ALBU_HUMAN, P02768

Function: Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+),

fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs. Its main function is the regulation of the colloidal osmotic pressure

of blood. Major zinc transporter in plasma, typically binds about 80% of all plasma zinc

Genatlas biochemistry entry for ALB:

albumin,putative down-regulated c-Myc target gene,

Gene Ontology (GO): Selected molecular function terms (see all 12): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0003677	DNA binding	IDA	16405401
GO:0005504	fatty acid binding	NAS	9731778
GO:0005507	copper ion binding	NAS	14726550
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI	16099937
GO:0008144	drug binding	NAS	10940303

Find genes that share ontologies with ALB About GenesLikeMe

Phenotypes:
10 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 3 alleles) (MGI details for Alb):

cellular	digestive/alimentary	endocrine/exocrine gland	homeostasis/metabolism	liver/biliary system
mortality/aging	muscle	normal	renal/urinary system	tumorigenesis

Find genes that share phenotypes with ALB About GenesLikeMe

Animal Models:
MGI mouse knock-outs for ALB: Alb^tm1Lex Afp/Alb^{Afp/tm1.1Brts}

genOway: Develop your customized and physiologically relevant rodent model for ALB

miRNA Products:		Block miRNA regulation of human, mouse, rat ALB using miScript Target Protectors
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		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: ALB 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		OriGene RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for ALB
		Predesigned siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat ALB

Gene Editing
Products:

DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for ALB

Clone Products:		OriGene clones in human, mouse for ALB (see all 8) OriGene ORF clones in mouse, rat for ALB OriGene custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector: ALB (NM_000477)
		Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for ALB
		DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for ALB
		Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat ALB

Cell Line Products:		GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for ALB
		Browse ESI BIO Cell Lines and PureStem Progenitors for ALB

In Situ Assay
Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for ALB

Flow Cytometry
Products:

eBioscience FlowRNA Probe Sets ( VA1-13599 VA6-13354) for ALB

(According to UniProtKB, COMPARTMENTS Subcellular localization database, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2014 via Entrez Gene, Sets of similar genes according to GenesLikeMe)
About This Section

Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

ALBU_HUMAN, P02768: Secreted

Subcellular locations from COMPARTMENTS:

Compartment	Confidence
extracellular	5
cytoskeleton	3
cytosol	3
endoplasmic reticulum	3
mitochondrion	3
nucleus	3
plasma membrane	3
chloroplast	2
endosome	2
golgi apparatus	2
lysosome	2
peroxisome	2
vacuole	2

About this image

Gene Ontology (GO): 8 cellular component terms (see first 5): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005576	extracellular region	TAS	--
GO:0005604	basement membrane	IEA	--
GO:0005615	extracellular space	IDA	19996109
GO:0005737	cytoplasm	--	--
GO:0031093	platelet alpha granule lumen	TAS	--
GO:0043234	protein complex	IDA	16283771
GO:0070062	extracellular vesicular exosome	IDA	19056867
GO:0072562	blood microparticle	IDA	--

Find genes that share ontologies with ALB About GenesLikeMe

(SuperPaths according to PathCards, Pathways according to R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Sino Biological, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GenesLikeMe, Interaction Networks according to QIAGEN, and/or STRING, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, ³I2D, and/or ⁴STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2014 via Entrez Gene, Sets of similar genes according to GenesLikeMe)
About This Section

SuperPaths for ALB About (see all 11)

See pathways by source

Powered
by

SuperPath

Contained pathways About

Lipoprotein metabolism

	Lipoprotein metabolism	0.59			HDL-mediated lipid transport	0.00
	Lipid digestion, mobilization, and transport	0.59

Response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+

Response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+

0.94

Platelet degranulation

0.94

Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts

Bile acid and bile salt metabolism

0.73

Recycling of bile acids and salts

0.00

Binding and Uptake of Ligands by Scavenger Receptors

Binding and Uptake of Ligands by Scavenger Receptors

0.53

Scavenging of Heme from Plasma

0.53

Transport of glucose and other sugars, bile salts and organic acids, metal ions and amine compounds

SLC-mediated transmembrane transport

0.47

Transmembrane transport of small molecules

0.47

Find genes that share SuperPaths with ALB About GenesLikeMe

Pathways by source See SuperPaths
Show all pathways

1 Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Pathway for ALB

Ca, cAMP and Lipid Signaling

2 BioSystems Pathways for ALB

	Selenium Pathway
	FOXA2 and FOXA3 transcription factor networks

5 Reactome Pathways for ALB

	Platelet degranulation
	Scavenging of heme from plasma
	Recycling of bile acids and salts
	Transport of organic anions
	HDL-mediated lipid transport

Pathway & Disease-focused RT² Profiler PCR Arrays including ALB:

Cell Lineage Identification in human mouse rat

Terminal Differentiation Markers in human mouse rat

Oxidative Stress in human mouse rat

Molecular Toxicology PathwayFinder 384HT in human mouse rat

Interactions:

GeneGlobe Interaction Network for ALB

STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 25)

Selected Interacting proteins for ALB (P02768^{1, 2, 3} ENSP00000295897⁴) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 262)

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
IMMT	Q16891²^,³, ENSP00000387262⁴	MINT-8258723 I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000387262
TFRC	P02786¹^,²	EBI-714423,EBI-355727 MINT-8413175 MINT-8412660
PFDN1	O60925²^,³	MINT-8265687 I2D: score=2
TK1	P04183²^,³	MINT-8272905 I2D: score=2
ENSG00000237112	Q9UBS5³, ENSP00000411286⁴	I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000411286

About this table

Gene Ontology (GO): Selected biological process terms (see all 21): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0001895	retina homeostasis	IEP	--
GO:0002576	platelet degranulation	TAS	--
GO:0006810	transport	TAS	12617161
GO:0007584	response to nutrient	IEA	--
GO:0007596	blood coagulation	TAS	--

Find genes that share ontologies with ALB About GenesLikeMe

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience, ApexBio, HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, Ligands according to IUPHAR, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, Sets of similar genes according to GenesLikeMe)
About This Section

Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Browse compounds at ApexBio

Browse Tocris compounds for ALB (ALBU)

10 HMDB Compounds for ALB About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	PubMed Ids
Bilirubin	(4Z,15Z)-Bilirubin IXa (see all 17)	635-65-4	18498776
Bismuth	Bi (see all 2)	7440-69-9	--
Chlorpheniramine	Chlor-trimeton (see all 8)	113-92-8	--
Estrone	(+)-Estrone (see all 7)	53-16-7	--
Estrone sulfate	Conestoral (see all 12)	481-97-0	--
Ibuprofen	alpha-(4-Isobutylphenyl)propionate (see all 9)	15687-27-1	--
Liothyronine	3,3',5-Triiodo-L-thyronine (see all 20)	6893-02-3	--
Pyridoxine	2-Methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridine (see all 16)	65-23-6	--
Sodium lauryl sulfate	Adeka Hope LS 35 (see all 243)	151-21-3	--
Testosterone	(+)-testosterone (see all 86)	58-22-0	--

Selected DrugBank Compounds for ALB (see all 134) About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	Type	Actions	PubMed Ids
Sodium lauryl sulfate	Dodecyl alcohol, hydrogen sulfate, sodium salt (see all 27)	151-21-3	carrier	binder	16457837 16085141 16256620 16256532 11752352 16379295
Cefoperazone	Cefoperazono [inn-spanish] (see all 2)	62893-19-0	carrier	other/unknown	2311445 2496656 3339510 16379298 8950041
Phenprocoumon	Fenprocumone [DCIT] (see all 5)	435-97-2	carrier	--	1205658 1642965 4762907 2751413 12543492
Auranofin	--	34031-32-8	carrier	--	11666224 7925457 2403377 3655788
Captopril	Captoprilum [INN-Latin] (see all 3)	62571-86-2	carrier	other/unknown	16469467 8216349 9040098 15093593
Diflunisal	--	22494-42-4	carrier	--	17132209 11673972 7371361 2751413
Digitoxin	Digitoksin (see all 3)	71-63-6	carrier	--	11678517 10774625 10604823 10202961
Ethacrynic acid	Etacrinic acid (see all 6)	58-54-8	carrier	--	9275312 3714803 9863950 2792351
Gadobenate Dimeglumine	--	113662-23-0	carrier	binder	9055236 16118549 11752352 9406019
Gadofosveset trisodium	Ablavar (see all 4)	193901-90-5	carrier	substrate	16706555 19222207 17625839 17650553

Selected Novoseek inferred chemical compound relationships for ALB gene (see all 140) About this table

Compound	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
creatinine	90.6	3964	10727680 (8), 8831085 (7), 9080259 (7), 17405790 (7) (see all 99)
fibrinogen	83.7	1545	16703327 (7), 9610611 (7), 11422756 (7), 12969171 (7) (see all 99)
cholesterol	79.9	2000	15082432 (7), 8524502 (6), 18563300 (6), 17279492 (5) (see all 99)
rhsa	78.5	72	9167443 (2), 10502345 (2), 18199895 (2), 9688461 (2) (see all 38)
dansylsarcosine	78.2	30	1382424 (6), 9430764 (3), 8720306 (2), 1706921 (2) (see all 16)
urea	77.8	659	8366899 (5), 8573919 (4), 17361319 (4), 10666933 (4) (see all 99)
uric acid	76.4	495	10910618 (5), 10898045 (4), 18442624 (4), 16554340 (3) (see all 99)
hydroxyethyl starch	76.4	487	10703679 (8), 11515893 (7), 9261899 (6), 10361869 (6) (see all 99)
glucose	73.8	1576	19349048 (6), 9103700 (6), 8575721 (6), 16920285 (5) (see all 99)
fructosamine	71.2	212	10326628 (7), 1597333 (5), 8893144 (5), 8502341 (5) (see all 95)

Find genes that share compounds with ALB About GenesLikeMe

(Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 236 Homo sapiens; Apr 25 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN, SwitchGear Genomics,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, and/or Addgene, Primers from OriGene, and/or QIAGEN, Flow cytometry from eBioscience )
About This Section

REFSEQ mRNAs for ALB gene:

NM_000477.5

Unigene Clusters for ALB:

Albumin

Hs.418167 [show with all ESTs], Hs.592379 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequences: NM_000477, BX436222

18 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:

ENST00000441319 ENST00000295897(uc003hgs.4 uc011cbe.2 uc003hgw.4 uc011cbf.2)

ENST00000510166 ENST00000515133 ENST00000415165 ENST00000514786 ENST00000476441

ENST00000503124 ENST00000509063 ENST00000401494 ENST00000505649 ENST00000511370

ENST00000507673 ENST00000484992 ENST00000504043 ENST00000486939 ENST00000508932

ENST00000495173

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		Search for qRT-PCR Assays for microRNAs that regulate ALB
		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: ALB 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		OriGene RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for ALB
		Predesigned siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat ALB

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		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector: ALB (NM_000477)
		DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for ALB
		Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat ALB

Primer Products:		OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for ALB OriGene qSTAR qPCR primer pairs in human, mouse for ALB
		Pre-validated RT² qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat ALB
		QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat ALB
		QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat ALB

Flow Cytometry
Products:

eBioscience FlowRNA Probe Sets ( VA1-13599 VA6-13354) for ALB

Additional mRNA sequence: X51365.1

Selected DOTS entries (see all 209):

DT.100864734 DT.98132054 DT.95377482 DT.100746389 DT.87011119 DT.100861910 DT.100746447 DT.100746541

DT.91816166 DT.95377906 DT.95376610 DT.100746432 DT.95376706 DT.100844172 DT.95376678 DT.100861974

DT.100746557 DT.100746613 DT.95376631 DT.91998425 DT.92056056 DT.98132061 DT.100746529 DT.95376639

Selected AceView cDNA sequences (see all 3197):

CB154702 T73709 BX463249 BX496355 AV718020 BX448763 T64294 AL531120

CR601390 BX422186 BG618609 CR607762 AL531299 BX422283 CR593838 AL558034

AL531579 BX382948 BX494684 BX340572 BX445210 BX494860 AI207701 BX462983

GeneLoc Exon Structure

Selected Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for ALB (see all 10) About this scheme

ExUns:	1a	·	1b	^	2	^	3a	·	3b	^	4	^	5a	·	5b	^	6a	·	6b	·	6c	^	7a	·	7b	^	8a	·	8b	^	9a	·	9b	^	10a	·	10b	^	11a	·	11b	·	11c	^	12a	·	12b	^	13	^	14a	·
SP1:																					-										-								-
SP2:																	-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-				-
SP3:							-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-						-								-
SP4:									-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-				-								-
SP5:													-		-		-		-		-		-								-

ExUns:	14b	^	15	^	16a	·	16b
SP1:
SP2:
SP3:
SP4:
SP5:

ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for ALB

(RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GenesLikeMe, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE ¹MOPED, ²PaxDb, and ³MaxQB, plus additional links to SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from QIAGEN, Primers from OriGene, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
About This Section

ALB expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS <intensity>^2/3
CGAP TAG: AGAATAAGAG

About this image

ALB expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells About this table

Data from LifeMap, the Embryonic Development and Stem Cells Database
selected tissues (see all 16) fully expand


Liver (Hepatobiliary System) fully expand to see all 21 entries
Mature Hepatocytes Liver Lobule
Adult liver progenitor cells
Immature hepatocytes
Human Hepatocyte (HH)

Epithelial Cells
Hepatic Endoderm Cells Ventral Foregut Endoderm

Gut Tube (Gastrointestinal Tract)
Hepatic Endoderm Cells Ventral Foregut Endoderm

Blood (Cardiovascular System)
Fetal Liver CD34+ Cells

Pancreas (Endocrine System)
Endocrine progenitors

ALB Protein expression data from MOPED¹, PaxDb² and MaxQB³:

About this image

ALB Protein Expression

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene clusters: Hs.418167 Hs.592379

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: ALBU_HUMAN, P02768

Tissue specificity: Plasma

Pathway & Disease-focused RT² Profiler PCR Arrays including ALB:

Cell Lineage Identification in human mouse rat

Terminal Differentiation Markers in human mouse rat

Oxidative Stress in human mouse rat

Molecular Toxicology PathwayFinder 384HT in human mouse rat

Primer Products:		OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for ALB OriGene qSTAR qPCR primer pairs in human, mouse for ALB
		Pre-validated RT² qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat ALB
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		QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat ALB

In Situ
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Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for ALB

(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD , ⁵MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or ⁶Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
About This Section

This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.

Orthologs for ALB gene from Selected species (see all 9) About this table

Organism	Taxonomic classification	Gene	Description	Human Similarity	Details
mouse (Mus musculus)	Mammalia	Alb^{1 , 5}	albumin^{1, 5}	77.08(n)¹ 72.37(a)¹	5 (44.70 cM)⁵ 11657¹ NM_009654.3¹ NP_033784.2¹ 90460889⁵
chicken (Gallus gallus)	Aves	ALB¹	albumin	60.37(n) 47.95(a)	396197 NM_205261.1 NP_990592.1
tropical clawed frog (Xenopus tropicalis)	Amphibia	cars2¹	cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial (putative)	54.04(n) 39.87(a)	448227 NM_001004887.2 NP_001004887.2

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for ALB (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for ALB (if available)

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene,
²Ensembl, and ³SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to ⁴Pseudogene.org Build 68,Sets of similar genes according to GenesLikeMe)
About This Section

Paralogs for ALB gene

AFM² GC² AFP²

2 SIMAP similar genes for ALB using alignment to 8 protein entries: ALBU_HUMAN (see all proteins):

AFP AFM

Find genes that share paralogs with ALB About GenesLikeMe

(SNPs/Variants according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, ⁴UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD), the Human Cytochrome P450 Allele Nomenclature Database, and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays, and Copy Number PCR Arrays from QIAGEN)
About This Section

Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

ALBU_HUMAN, P02768: A variant structure of albumin could lead to increased binding of zinc resulting in an asymptomatic

augmentation of zinc concentration in the blood. The sequence shown is that of variant albumin A

SNP ID	Valid	Clinical significance	Chr 4 pos	Sequence	#	AA Chg	Type	More	#	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
Genomic Data					Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--
VAR_013011⁴		Dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia (DH)⁴	--	see VAR_013011	2	L P	mis⁴		0	--	--	--	--
VAR_000514⁴		Dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia (DH)⁴	--	see VAR_000514	2	R H	mis⁴		0	--	--	--	--
VAR_013013⁴		Dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia (DH)⁴	--	see VAR_013013	2	R P	mis⁴		0	--	--	--	--
rs77408163^1,2	C	pathogenic¹	74148127(+)	`TGCACA/GTAAGA`	1	--	spd¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs77892378^1,2	C	pathogenic¹	74150480(+)	`ATCACC/TTGTAA`	2	P L	mis¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs77335374^1,2	C	pathogenic¹	74155714(+)	`TTTTTA/G/TGGGCA`	1	--	spa¹		1		CSA	1
rs75002628^1,2	C	pathogenic¹	74155727(+)	`AGCTCA/C/GCCTGA`	3	H P R	mis¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs79228041^1,2	C	pathogenic¹	74163355(+)	`TTGCCA/GAGGAG`	2	K E	mis¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs76242087^1,2	C	untested¹	74157309(+)	`TAAGGA/G/TTGTTT`	3	D G V	mis¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs78284052^1,2,,4	C,F	untested¹	74163244(+)	`AGCTCG/ATGAAA`	2	/M /V	mis¹		1		NA	4548

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for ALB (74262831 - 74287129 bp)

Structural Variations
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) 4 variations for ALB: About this table

Variant ID	Type	Subtype	PubMed ID
dgv956e199	CNV	Deletion	23128226
esv274665	CNV	Insertion	20981092
nsv879491	CNV	Loss	21882294
nsv879490	CNV	Gain	21882294

Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): ALB
Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB): ALB

Site Specific Mutation Identification with PCR Assays

SeqTarget long-range PCR primers for resequencing ALB

DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for ALB

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB, Sets of similar genes according to GenesLikeMe)
About This Section

OMIM gene information: 103600
OMIM disorders: 194470
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: ALBU_HUMAN, P02768

Dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia (DH) [MIM:103600]: A disorder characterized by abnormally elevated

levels of total serum thyroxine (T4) in euthyroid patients. It is due to abnormal serum albumin that binds T4

with enhanced affinity. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry

Selected diseases for ALB (see all 109):
About MalaCards

immunotactoid glomerulopathy systemic capillary leak syndrome analbuminemia hypersensitivity reaction type iii disease

dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia blastomycosis hepatorenal syndrome hyperthyroxinemia

peritonitis hepatopulmonary syndrome decubitus ulcer kernicterus

choanal atresia tricuspid atresia lymphatic system disease protein-losing enteropathy

familial hypertension eosinophilic gastroenteritis vascular disease cronkhite-canada syndrome

Selected inferred disease relationships from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for ALB (see all 69):

Diabetes mellitus Proteinuria Liver disease Kidney failure

Hypertension Nephrotic syndrome Lung disease Nephritis

Peritonitis protein-energy malnutrition protein-losing enteropathy Hepatocellular carcinoma

Heart disease Anemia Hepatitis B Cerebrovascular accident

Kernicterus Hypersensitivity reaction type II disease Peripheral vascular disease Atherosclerosis

Find genes that share disorders with ALB About GenesLikeMe

Selected Novoseek inferred disease relationships for ALB gene (see all 96) About this table

Disease	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
microalbuminuria	94.9	1034	7634745 (5), 9759691 (5), 15717883 (5), 12788992 (4) (see all 99)
albuminuria	92.5	360	16703327 (5), 17405790 (5), 10489399 (4), 9179466 (4) (see all 99)
hypoalbuminemia	90.4	275	1569418 (4), 19615208 (4), 9397418 (4), 10428270 (3) (see all 99)
diabetic nephropathies	89.2	362	1881577 (4), 8264568 (3), 11131103 (3), 10198605 (3) (see all 99)
renal disease	87	640	8163055 (4), 8593760 (4), 19729498 (3), 17928473 (3) (see all 99)
proteinuria	86.2	625	12521234 (5), 9915226 (5), 16425574 (5), 1831839 (5) (see all 99)
malnutrition	86	406	17957127 (4), 19218044 (4), 11592443 (3), 17321950 (3) (see all 99)
renal failure chronic	80.6	103	2082760 (2), 1951474 (2), 9101098 (2), 1282889 (1) (see all 98)
nephrotic syndrome	79.7	186	2082057 (6), 8502517 (5), 1379421 (3), 15481604 (3) (see all 99)
protein-energy malnutrition	76.8	30	10219494 (2), 15695952 (2), 9106105 (1), 10433138 (1) (see all 24)

Genetic Association Database (GAD): ALB
Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: ALB (17 documents)

Export disorders for ALB gene to outside databases

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Entrez Gene, ²UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ³HGNC, ⁴GAD, ⁵PharmGKB, ⁶HMDB, ⁷DrugBank, ⁸UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁹ Novoseek, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

PubMed articles for ALB gene, integrated from 10 sources (see all 8844):
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with ALB)

Crystal structures of human serum albumin complexed with monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. (PubMed id 11743713)^{1, 2, 7} Petitpas I.... Curry S. (J. Mol. Biol. 2001)
Identification of a human serum albumin species associated with familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia. (PubMed id 7852505)^{1, 2, 9} Rushbrook J.I.... Divino C.M. (J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1995)
A nucleotide insertion and frameshift cause albumin Kenitra, an extended and O-glycosylated mutant of human serum albumin with two additional disulfide bridges. (PubMed id 11168369)^{1, 2, 9} Minchiotti L....Galliano M. (Eur. J. Biochem. 2001)
Crystal structure of human serum albumin at 2.5-A resolution. (PubMed id 10388840)^{1, 2, 9} Sugio S.... Kobayashi K. (Protein Eng. 1999)
Protein and DNA sequence analysis of a 'private' genetic variant: albumin Ortonovo (Glu-505-->Lys). (PubMed id 7902134)^{1, 2, 9} Galliano M.... Putnam F.W. (Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1993)
Two alloalbumins with identical electrophoretic mobility are produced by differently charged amino acid substitutions. (PubMed id 1347703)^{1, 2, 9} Minchiotti L.... Porta F. (Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1992)
Genetic variants of serum albumin in Americans and Japanese. (PubMed id 1946412)^{1, 2, 9} Madison J.... Putnam F.W. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1991)
Allostery in a monomeric protein: the case of human serum albumin. (PubMed id 20346571)^{1, 7} Ascenzi P. and Fasano M. (Biophys. Chem. 2010)
The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)^{1, 2} Gerhard D.S.... Malek J. (Genome Res. 2004)
Exploring proteomes and analyzing protein processing by mass spectrometric identification of sorted N-terminal peptides. (PubMed id 12665801)^{1, 2} Gevaert K.... Vandekerckhove J. (Nat. Biotechnol. 2003)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
About This Section

		AND	OR
Aliases
Disorders
Free Text

Query String		PubMed OMIM NCBI Bookshelf
	(Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
About This Section

Entrez Gene: 213	HGNC: 399	AceView: ALB	Ensembl:ENSG00000163631	euGenes: HUgn213
ECgene: ALB	H-InvDB: ALB

(According to HUGE)
About This Section

(According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, UniProtKB/TrEMBL, and/or others, e.g. Wikipedia and GeneReviews, via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
About This Section

Name	Description
PharmGKB entry for ALB	Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
Albumin Website	http://www.albumin.org
Wikipedia	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serum_albumin
GeneReviews	http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116/?term=ALB[genesymbol]
SeattleSNPs	http://pga.gs.washington.edu/data/alb/

Intellectual Property for ALB gene
(Patent information from GeneIP, Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts, IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)

About This Section

Patent Information for ALB gene:
Search GeneIP for patents involving ALB

GeneCards and IP:
Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards Improving the IP Search

(Antibodies, recombinant proteins, and assays from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, QIAGEN, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, Enzo Life Sciences, Abcam, ProSpec, Cloud-Clone Corp., Thermo Fisher Scientific, eBioscience, antibodies-online, GeneTex, and/or others, Gene Editing from DNA2.0. Clones from OriGene, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, SwitchGear Genomics, Vector BioLabs, Addgene, Cell lines from GenScript, and ESI BIO, Flow cytometery from eBioscience, PCR Arrays from QIAGEN, Drugs and/or compounds from EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or ApexBio, In Situ Hybridization Assays from
Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Animal models from genOway)
About This Section

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Microalbuminuria
Severe malnutrition
Protein-Energy Malnutrition
essential hypertension
sepsis
Peripheral Vascular Diseases
Hepatitis Chronic
Nephropathy Membranous
Bisalbuminemia
Atherosclerosis
PROTEIN MALNUTRITION
Liver diseases
Hyperparathyroidism Secondary
Edema
Nephrotic Syndrome
BILIARY CIRRHOSIS PRIMARY
ENCEPHALOPATHY
Diabetes Mellitus Insulin-Dependent
Hypotension
Hepatitis B Chronic
RENAL DISEASE
Hypercalcemia
Esophageal Varices
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid
Alcoholic Cirrhosis
Nephropathy IGA
Liver Failure
GENERALIZED EDEMA
Malnutrition
glomerulosclerosis
Inflammation
GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS, FOCAL SEGMENTAL
Diabetic Nephropathies
NEPHROPATHY HYPERTENSIVE
Proteinuria
Microangiopathy Diabetic
Marasmus
metabolic acidosis
Hyperhomocysteinemia
Liver Failure Acute
Hyperglycemia
Anemia
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis Alcoholic
Renal Failure
LIVER DAMAGE
nutritional deficiency
bacterial peritonitis
Kernicterus
AUTONOMIC NEUROPATHY
Cardiovascular Diseases
Liver Cirrhosis
Hyperthyroxinemia
Renal Failure Acute
Nephrotic Syndrome Minimal Change
Hypocalcemia
Cirrhosis
Critically Ill
Chronic glomerulonephritis
fluid overload
Liver Fibrosis
Glomerulosclerosis Diabetic
Hepatic Encephalopathy
Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy
PERIPHERAL EDEMA
retinopathy
Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetic Retinopathy
hypoalbuminemia
Vitamin D Deficiency
Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome
HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA
Hepatorenal Syndrome
Uremia
Albuminuria
Hypertension Portal
Response Acute Phase
Ascites
Insulin Resistance
Liver Dysfunction
Hypoproteinemia
Liver Diseases Alcoholic
Hypovolemia
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome
ventricular hypertrophy
KIDNEY DYSFUNCTION
HYPOCHOLESTEROLEMIA
Lupus Nephritis
chronic liver disease
Glomerulonephritis
Hyperbilirubinemia
HYPOPROTEINEMIA, HYPERCATABOLIC
NIDDM
Peritonitis
Renal Failure Chronic
Protein-Losing Enteropathies

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