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Category Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21

GIFtS
-

ALB Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 69
GCID: GC04P074259

albumin

Explore 531 diseases affiliated with
ALB via

MalaCards

our new
Human Malady Compendium

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
Albumin¹		Albumin (AA 34)²
PRO0883²		Cell Growth Inhibiting Protein 42²
PRO0903²		Growth-Inhibiting Protein 20²
PRO1341²		Serum Albumin²
Albumin (32 AA)²

External Ids:	HGNC: 399¹	Entrez Gene: 213²	Ensembl: ENSG00000163631⁷	OMIM: 103600⁵	UniProtKB: P02768³

Export aliases for ALB gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC04P074509 GC04P074670 GC04P074736 GC04P074635 GC04P070083

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for ALB:

Albumin is a soluble, monomeric protein which comprises about one-half of the blood serum protein. Albumin functions

primarily as a carrier protein for steroids, fatty acids, and thyroid hormones and plays a role in stabilizing

extracellular fluid volume. Albumin is a globular unglycosylated serum protein of molecular weight 65,000. Albumin is

synthesized in the liver as preproalbumin which has an N-terminal peptide that is removed before the nascent protein

is released from the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The product, proalbumin, is in turn cleaved in the Golgi vesicles to

produce the secreted albumin. (provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: ALBU_HUMAN, P02768

Function: Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty

acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs. Its main function is the regulation of the colloidal osmotic pressure of blood.

Major zinc transporter in plasma, typically binds about 80% of all plasma zinc

Gene Wiki entry for ALB (Serum albumin)

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000004.11 NC_018915.1 NT_022778.16

Regulatory elements:

SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the ALB gene promoter:
STAT5B TBP STAT1 STAT4 STAT1beta STAT5A STAT1alpha C/EBPalpha STAT2 STAT3
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmids (see all 15): ALB promoter sequence

Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for ALB

Epigenetics:

QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat ALB

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 4q13.3 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 4q13.3 HGNC cytogenetic band: 4q13.3

ALB Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
ALB gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 4 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC04P074259: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	74,262,831 bp from pter	End:	74,287,129 bp from pter
Size:	24,299 bases	Orientation:	plus strand

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to ²PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: ALBU_HUMAN, P02768 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Serum albumin precursor

Size: 609 amino acids; 69367 Da

Subcellular location: Secreted

Caution: A peptide arising from positions 166 to 174 was originally (PubMed:3087352 and PubMed:2437111) termed

neurotensin-related peptide (NRP) or kinetensin and was thought to regulate fat digestion, lipid absorption, and blood

flow

Sequence caution: Sequence=AAF22034.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Translation N-terminally extended;

Sequence=AAF69644.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Translation N-terminally extended; Sequence=AAG35503.1;

Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Translation N-terminally extended;

6/72 PDB 3D structures from and Proteopedia for ALB (see all 72):

1AO6 (3D)

1BJ5 (3D)

1BKE (3D)

1BM0 (3D)

1E78 (3D)

1E7A (3D)

Secondary accessions: O95574 P04277 Q13140 Q645G4 Q68DN5 Q6UXK4 Q86YG0 Q9P157 Q9P1I7 Q9UHS3 Q9UJZ0

Alternative splicing: 2 isoforms: P02768-1 P02768-2

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for ALB: NX_P02768

Post-translational modifications:

Kenitra variant is partially O-glycosylated at Thr-620. It has two new disulfide bonds Cys-600 to Cys-602 and Cys-601

to Cys-606¹

Glycated in diabetic patients¹

Phosphorylation sites are present in the extracellular medium¹

Acetylated on Lys-223 by acetylsalicylic acid¹

View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus²

View neXtProt modification sites for NX_P02768

ALB Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb: About this image

REFSEQ proteins: NP_000468.1

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000392541 ENSP00000295897 ENSP00000401820 ENSP00000423727 ENSP00000421027

ENSP00000422784 ENSP00000384695 ENSP00000426179

Reactome Protein details: P02768
Human Recombinant Protein Products for ALB:

	Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at EMD Millipore
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	Enzo Life Sciences proteins for ALB
	OriGene Purified Protein: ALB OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysate: ALB OriGene Custom Protein Services for ALB
	GenScript Custom Purified and Recombinant Proteins Services for ALB
	Novus Biologicals ALB Proteins Novus Biologicals ALB Lysates
	Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
	ProSpec Recombinant Protein for ALB
	Uscn Proteins for ALB

Gene Ontology (GO): 7 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see first 5): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005576	extracellular region	TAS	--
GO:0005604	basement membrane	IEA	--
GO:0005615	extracellular space	IDA	19996109
GO:0005737	cytoplasm	--	--
GO:0031093	platelet alpha granule lumen	TAS	--
GO:0043234	protein complex	IDA	16283771
GO:0070062	extracellular vesicular exosome	IDA	--

ALB for ontologies About GeneDecksing

ALB Antibody Products:

	Browse EMD Millipore's Extensive Line of Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies
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	Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Antibodies for ALB (albumin)
	OriGene Antibodies (see all 5): ALB OriGene Custom Antibody Services for ALB
	GenScript Superior Antibodies for ALB
	Novus Biologicals ALB Antibodies
	Abcam antibodies for ALB
	Uscn Antibodies for ALB
	ThermoFisher Antibody for ALB

Assay Products for ALB:

	Browse Kits and Assays available from EMD Millipore
	OriGene Custom Immunoassay Development Browse OriGene Fluorogenic Cell Assay Kits
	Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
	GenScript Custom Assay Services for ALB
	Browse Enzo Life Sciences for kits & assays
	Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for ALB

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

ALB for domains About GeneDecksing

5 InterPro domains/families:

IPR020858 Serum_albumin-like

IPR000264 Serum_albumin

IPR014760 Serum_albumin_N

IPR020857 Serum_albumin_CS

IPR021177 Serum_albumin_subgr

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P02768

ProtoNet protein and cluster: P02768

1 Blocks protein family: IPB000264 Serum albumin family

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: ALBU_HUMAN, P02768

Similarity: Belongs to the ALB/AFP/VDB family

Similarity: Contains 3 albumin domains

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013, inGenious Targeting Laboratory,
bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase, shRNA from OriGene, Sirion Biotech, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Sirion Biotech, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, Sirion Biotech, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Molecular Function:

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary: ALBU_HUMAN, P02768

Function: Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty

acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs. Its main function is the regulation of the colloidal osmotic pressure of blood.

Major zinc transporter in plasma, typically binds about 80% of all plasma zinc

Genatlas biochemistry entry for ALB:

albumin,putative down-regulated c-Myc target gene,

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/13 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 13): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0003677	DNA binding	IDA	16405401
GO:0005504	fatty acid binding	NAS	9731778
GO:0005507	copper ion binding	NAS	14726550
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI	16099937
GO:0008144	drug binding	NAS	10940303

ALB for ontologies About GeneDecksing

Phenotypes:
6 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 3 alleles) (MGI details for Alb):

digestive/alimentary	homeostasis/metabolism	liver/biliary system	mortality/aging	normal
renal/urinary system

ALB for phenotypes About GeneDecksing

Animal Models:
Mouse knock-outs for ALB: Alb^tm1Lex Afp/Alb^{Afp/tm1.1Brts}

inGenious Targeting Laboratory - Customizable classic, inducible, and humanized mouse model solutions for ALB

miRNA Products:		OriGene 3'-UTR Clone: ALB Browse MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat ALB
		Search QIAGEN for miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate ALB
		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: ALB 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
		OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for ALB (see all 4) OriGene shRNA RFP: ALB OriGene siRNA: ALB
		QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat ALB
		Sirion Biotech Custom design and validation of potent shRNA sequences against ALB

Gene Editing Products:			DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for ALB
			Sirion Biotech Customized adenovirus for overexpression of ALB Sirion Biotech Customized adenovirus for potent knockdown of ALB

Clone Products:		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from EMD Millipore
		OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for ALB (see all 3) OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for ALB (see all 2) OriGene custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector: ALB (NM_000477)
		Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for ALB
		DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for ALB
		Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat ALB

Cell Line Products:		GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for ALB
		Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for ALB
		Sirion Biotech Customized stable knockdown cell line services for ALB Sirion Biotech Customized inducible knockdown cell line services for ALB Sirion Biotech Customized stable overexpressing cell line services for ALB Sirion Biotech Customized inducible overexpressing cell line services for ALB

In Situ Assay
Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for ALB

(Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, ³I2D, and/or ⁴STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
About This Section

Unified GeneCards pathways - 5/12 super-pathways (see all 12) About this table

See pathways by source

Super-pathway

contained gene-specific pathways

Lipoprotein metabolism

	Lipoprotein metabolism	1.00			Lipid digestion, mobilization, and transport	0.56
	HDL-mediated lipid transport	0.57

Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation

Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation

1.00

Hemostasis

0.43

Platelet degranulation

Platelet degranulation

1.00

Response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+

0.94

Transport of organic anions

Transport of organic anions

1.00

Transport of vitamins, nucleosides, and related molecules

0.35

SLC-mediated transmembrane transport

SLC-mediated transmembrane transport

1.00

Transmembrane transport of small molecules

0.50

Pathway sources
See GeneCards unified pathways
Show all pathways

2 EMD Millipore Pathways for ALB

	Selected targets of HNF1
	Selected targets of C/EBPalpha

2 BioSystems Pathways for ALB

	Selenium Pathway
	FOXA2 and FOXA3 transcription factor networks

5/17 Reactome Pathways for ALB (see all 17)

	Metabolism
	Recycling of bile acids and salts
	Response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+
	Transmembrane transport of small molecules
	SLC-mediated transmembrane transport

ALB for pathways About GeneDecksing

Interactions:

SABiosciences Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for ALB

STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 25)

5/248 Interacting proteins for ALB (P02768^{2, 3} ENSP00000295897⁴) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 248)

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
IMMT	Q16891²^,³, ENSP00000387262⁴	MINT-8258723 I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000387262
PFDN1	O60925²^,³	MINT-8265687 I2D: score=2
TK1	P04183²^,³	MINT-8272905 I2D: score=2
LUC7L2	Q9Y383³, ENSP00000347005⁴	I2D: score=4 STRING: ENSP00000347005
C7orf55-LUC7L2	Q9Y383³	I2D: score=4

About this table

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/22 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 22): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0002576	platelet degranulation	TAS	--
GO:0006629	lipid metabolic process	TAS	--
GO:0006810	transport	TAS	12617161
GO:0006950	response to stress	--	--
GO:0007584	response to nutrient	IEA	--

ALB for ontologies About GeneDecksing

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
About This Section

ALB for compounds About GeneDecksing

Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Browse Tocris compounds for ALB

10 HMDB Compounds for ALB About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	PubMed Ids
Bilirubin	(4Z,15Z)-Bilirubin IXa (see all 17)	635-65-4	18498776
Bismuth	Bi (see all 2)	7440-69-9	--
Chlorpheniramine	Chlor-trimeton (see all 8)	113-92-8	--
Estrone	(+)-Estrone (see all 7)	53-16-7	--
Estrone sulfate	Conestoral (see all 12)	481-97-0	--
Ibuprofen	alpha-(4-Isobutylphenyl)propionate (see all 9)	15687-27-1	--
Liothyronine	3,3',5-Triiodo-L-thyronine (see all 20)	6893-02-3	--
Pyridoxine	2-Methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridine (see all 16)	65-23-6	--
Sodium lauryl sulfate	Adeka Hope LS 35 (see all 243)	151-21-3	--
Testosterone	(+)-testosterone (see all 86)	58-22-0	--

10/107 DrugBank Compounds for ALB (see all 107) About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	Type	Actions	PubMed Ids
Sodium lauryl sulfate	Dodecyl alcohol, hydrogen sulfate, sodium salt (see all 27)	151-21-3	carrier	binder	16457837 16085141 16256620 16256532 11752352 16379295
Cefoperazone	Cefoperazono [inn-spanish] (see all 2)	62893-19-0	carrier	other/unknown	2311445 2496656 3339510 16379298 8950041
Phenprocoumon	Fenprocumone [DCIT] (see all 5)	435-97-2	carrier	--	1205658 1642965 4762907 2751413 12543492
Auranofin	--	34031-32-8	carrier	--	11666224 7925457 2403377 3655788
Captopril	Captoprilum [INN-Latin] (see all 3)	62571-86-2	carrier	other/unknown	16469467 8216349 9040098 15093593
Diflunisal	--	22494-42-4	carrier	--	17132209 11673972 7371361 2751413
Digitoxin	Digitoksin (see all 3)	71-63-6	carrier	--	11678517 10774625 10604823 10202961
Ethacrynic acid	Etacrinic acid (see all 6)	58-54-8	carrier	--	9275312 3714803 9863950 2792351
Fospropofol	--	258516-87-9	carrier	--	16032968 15791110 15449957 17311911
Gadobenate Dimeglumine	--	113662-23-0	carrier	binder	9055236 16118549 11752352 9406019

10/140 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for ALB gene (see all 140) About this table

Compound	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
creatinine	90.6	3964	10727680 (8), 8831085 (7), 9080259 (7), 17405790 (7) (see all 99)
fibrinogen	83.7	1545	16703327 (7), 9610611 (7), 11422756 (7), 12969171 (7) (see all 99)
cholesterol	79.9	2000	15082432 (7), 8524502 (6), 18563300 (6), 17279492 (5) (see all 99)
rhsa	78.5	72	9167443 (2), 10502345 (2), 18199895 (2), 9688461 (2) (see all 38)
dansylsarcosine	78.2	30	1382424 (6), 9430764 (3), 8720306 (2), 1706921 (2) (see all 16)
urea	77.8	659	8366899 (5), 8573919 (4), 17361319 (4), 10666933 (4) (see all 99)
uric acid	76.4	495	10910618 (5), 10898045 (4), 18442624 (4), 16554340 (3) (see all 99)
hydroxyethyl starch	76.4	487	10703679 (8), 11515893 (7), 9261899 (6), 10361869 (6) (see all 99)
glucose	73.8	1576	19349048 (6), 9103700 (6), 8575721 (6), 16920285 (5) (see all 99)
fructosamine	71.2	212	10326628 (7), 1597333 (5), 8893144 (5), 8502341 (5) (see all 95)

Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about ALB / ALBU

(Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, Sirion Biotech, microRNA from QIAGEN,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
About This Section

REFSEQ mRNAs for ALB gene:

NM_000477.5

Unigene Clusters for ALB:

Albumin

Hs.418167 [show with all ESTs], Hs.592379 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequences: NM_000477, BX436222

18 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:

ENST00000441319 ENST00000295897(uc003hgs.4 uc011cbe.2 uc003hgw.4 uc011cbf.2)

ENST00000510166 ENST00000515133 ENST00000415165 ENST00000514786 ENST00000476441

ENST00000503124 ENST00000509063 ENST00000401494 ENST00000505649 ENST00000511370

ENST00000507673 ENST00000484992 ENST00000504043 ENST00000486939 ENST00000508932

ENST00000495173

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Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
		OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for ALB (see all 4) OriGene shRNA RFP: ALB OriGene siRNA: ALB
		QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat ALB
		Sirion Biotech Custom design and validation of potent shRNA sequences against ALB

Clone Products:		OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for ALB (see all 3) OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for ALB (see all 2) OriGene custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector: ALB (NM_000477)
		DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for ALB
		Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat ALB

Primer Products:		OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for ALB Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
		SABiosciences RT² qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat ALB
		QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat ALB
		QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat ALB

Additional cDNA sequence: X51365.1

24/209 DOTS entries (see all 209):

DT.100864734 DT.98132054 DT.95377482 DT.100746389 DT.87011119 DT.100861910 DT.100746447 DT.100746541

DT.91816166 DT.95377906 DT.95376610 DT.100746432 DT.95376706 DT.100844172 DT.95376678 DT.100861974

DT.100746557 DT.100746613 DT.95376631 DT.91998425 DT.92056056 DT.98132061 DT.100746529 DT.95376639

24/3197 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 3197):

CR597211 AA333868 CB154310 AI338727 BX346129 AI065100 AU121366 AI110642

R29144 CR599721 BC036003 BX448686 T40025 AL557745 AA343603 R28850

CB116624 T40773 T39951 AL531680 BX462983 AL531846 BX400101 AL558090

GeneLoc Exon Structure

5/10 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for ALB (see all 10) About this scheme

ExUns:	1a	·	1b	^	2	^	3a	·	3b	^	4	^	5a	·	5b	^	6a	·	6b	·	6c	^	7a	·	7b	^	8a	·	8b	^	9a	·	9b	^	10a	·	10b	^	11a	·	11b	·	11c	^	12a	·	12b	^	13	^	14a	·
SP1:																					-										-								-
SP2:																	-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-				-
SP3:							-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-						-								-
SP4:									-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-				-								-
SP5:													-		-		-		-		-		-								-

ExUns:	14b	^	15	^	16a	·	16b
SP1:
SP2:
SP3:
SP4:
SP5:

ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for ALB

(RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
About This Section

ALB expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS
CGAP TAG: AGAATAAGAG

About this image

ALB expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells
Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine About this table

9 LifeMap In Vivo Development Anatomical Compartments/Cells

Tissue

Anatomical Compartment

Cell

Category (developmental path)

Gut Tube

Ventral Foregut Endoderm

Hepatic Endoderm Cells

Selective marker (cell-identifying gene)

Liver

Hepatic Diverticulum

Hepatic Diverticulum Cells

Liver

Liver

Liver

Liver

Intrahepatic Biliary Tree

Liver

Liver

Body Subcutaneous White Adipose

Adipose

Heart

Right Ventricle

Heart

Expression:

Positive

Negative

Selective marker

Experimental details:

Curated

Microarrays

In-situ hybridization

Stem Cell Differentiation: 10/12 LifeMap Cells (see all 12)

Name

Category

Hepatocyte-like cells (Generation of hepato...)

Hepatocyte-like cells (Mouse embryonic stem...)

Endocrine progenitors (Generation of pancre...)

Hepatocyte-like cells (Functional hepatocyt...)

Immature hepatocytes (Functional, immature...)

Immature hepatocyte-like cells (Hepatocyte-like cell...)

Early hepatocyte like-cells (Hepatocyte-like cell...)

Chondrocyte-like cells (Direct differentiati...)

Bone, Cartilage

Primitive Streak Mesendoderm cells (Direct differentiati...)

Mesoderm-like cells (Direct differentiati...)

Mesoderm

See ALB Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
Genevestigator expression for ALB

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene clusters: Hs.418167 Hs.592379

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: ALBU_HUMAN, P02768

Tissue specificity: Plasma

SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Arrays including ALB:

Cell Lineage Identification in human mouse rat

Terminal Differentiation Markers in human mouse rat

Oxidative Stress in human mouse rat

Molecular Toxicology PathwayFinder 384HT in human mouse rat

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In Situ
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(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD , ⁵MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or ⁶Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
About This Section

This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.

Orthologs for ALB gene from 2/9 species (see all 9) About this table

Organism	Taxonomic classification	Gene	Description	Human Similarity	Orthology Type	Details
chicken (Gallus gallus)	Aves	ALB¹	albumin	60.37(n) 47.95(a)		396197 NM_205261.1 NP_990592.1
zebrafish (Danio rerio)	Actinopterygii	gc⁶	group-specific component (vitamin D binding protei...	20(a)	1 → many	5(47282879-47303096)

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for ALB (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for ALB (if available)

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene,
²Ensembl, and ³SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to ⁴Pseudogene.org Build 68)
About This Section

Paralogs for ALB gene

AFM² GC² AFP²

2 SIMAP similar genes for ALB using alignment to 8 protein entries: ALBU_HUMAN (see all proteins):

AFP AFM

ALB for paralogs About GeneDecksing

(SNPs/Variants according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: ALBU_HUMAN, P02768

Polymorphism: A variant structure of albumin could lead to increased binding of zinc resulting in an asymptomatic

augmentation of zinc concentration in the blood. The sequence shown is that of variant albumin A

SNP ID	Valid	Clinical significance	Chr 4 pos	Sequence	#	AA Chg	Type	More	#	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
Genomic Data					Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--
rs76242087^1,2	C	non-pathogenic	74279306(+)	`TAAGGA/G/TTGTTT`	3	D G V	mis¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs77544362^1,2	C	non-pathogenic	74279319(+)	`AAAAAA/C/GTATGC`	3	K N	mis¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs78284052^1,2	C,F	non-pathogenic	74285240(+)	`AGCTCG/ATGAAA`	2	/M /V	mis¹		1		NA	4548
rs77408163^1,2	C	pathogenic	74270124(+)	`TGCACA/GTAAGA`	1	--	spd¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs77892378^1,2	C	pathogenic	74272477(+)	`ATCACC/TTGTAA`	2	P L	mis¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs77335374^1,2	C	pathogenic	74277711(+)	`TTTTTA/G/TGGGCA`	1	--	spa¹		1		CSA	1
rs75002628^1,2	C	pathogenic	74277724(+)	`AGCTCA/C/GCCTGA`	3	H P R	mis¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs79228041^1,2	C	pathogenic	74285351(+)	`TTGCCA/GAGGAG`	2	K E	mis¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs80008208^1,2	C	other	74270111(+)	`TGTTTC/TGTCGA`	2	R C	mis¹		1		NA	4550
rs72552709^1,2	C	other	74270112(+)	`GTTTCA/GTCGAG`	2	H R	mis¹		0	--	--	--	--

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for ALB (74262831 - 74287129 bp)
Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) variations for ALB: --
Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): ALB

Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB): ALB

SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays

QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing ALB

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(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
About This Section

ALB for disorders           About GeneDecksing

OMIM gene information: 103600
OMIM disorders: 194470
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: ALBU_HUMAN, P02768

Defects in ALB are a cause of familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia (FDH) [MIM:103600]. FDH is a form of

euthyroid hyperthyroxinemia that is due to increased affinity of ALB for T(4). It is the most common cause of

inherited euthyroid hyperthyroxinemia in Caucasian population

20/531 diseases for ALB (see all 531): About MalaCards

protein-losing enteropathy protein-energy malnutrition hypoproteinemia, hypercatabolic cronkhite-canada syndrome

twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome apo a-i deficiency open-angle glaucoma pure red-cell aplasia

heparin-induced thrombocytopenia capillary leak syndrome maple syrup urine disease twin twin transfusion syndrome

dysalbuminemic hyperzincemia tick-borne encephalitis spinal cord injury intestinal pseudo-obstruction

porphyria cutanea tarda immune-complex glomerulonephritis steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome hydrops fetalis

20/68 diseases from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for ALB (see all 68):

Diabetes mellitus Proteinuria Liver disease Kidney failure

Hypertension Nephrotic syndrome Lung disease Nephritis

protein-energy malnutrition Peritonitis protein-losing enteropathy Hepatocellular carcinoma

Heart disease Anemia Kernicterus Hepatitis B

Bilirubin metabolic disorder Cerebrovascular accident Hypersensitivity reaction type II disease Peripheral vascular disease

10/96 Novoseek disease relationships for ALB gene (see all 96) About this table

Disease	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
microalbuminuria	94.9	1034	7634745 (5), 9759691 (5), 15717883 (5), 12788992 (4) (see all 99)
albuminuria	92.5	360	16703327 (5), 17405790 (5), 10489399 (4), 9179466 (4) (see all 99)
hypoalbuminemia	90.4	275	1569418 (4), 19615208 (4), 9397418 (4), 10428270 (3) (see all 99)
diabetic nephropathies	89.2	362	1881577 (4), 8264568 (3), 11131103 (3), 10198605 (3) (see all 99)
renal disease	87	640	8163055 (4), 8593760 (4), 19729498 (3), 17928473 (3) (see all 99)
proteinuria	86.2	625	12521234 (5), 9915226 (5), 16425574 (5), 1831839 (5) (see all 99)
malnutrition	86	406	17957127 (4), 19218044 (4), 11592443 (3), 17321950 (3) (see all 99)
renal failure chronic	80.6	103	2082760 (2), 1951474 (2), 9101098 (2), 1282889 (1) (see all 98)
nephrotic syndrome	79.7	186	2082057 (6), 8502517 (5), 1379421 (3), 15481604 (3) (see all 99)
protein-energy malnutrition	76.8	30	10219494 (2), 15695952 (2), 9106105 (1), 10433138 (1) (see all 24)

Genetic Association Database (GAD): ALB
Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: ALB (17 documents)

Export disorders for ALB gene to outside databases

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Entrez Gene, ²UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ³HGNC, ⁴GAD, ⁵PharmGKB, ⁶HMDB, ⁷DrugBank, ⁸UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁹ Novoseek, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

PubMed articles for ALB gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 8810):
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with ALB)

Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
world of online information

Crystal structures of human serum albumin complexed with monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. (PubMed id 11743713)^{1, 2, 7} Petitpas I.... Curry S. (2001)
Identification of a human serum albumin species associated with familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia. (PubMed id 7852505)^{1, 2, 9} Rushbrook J.I.... Divino C.M. (1995)
[The interaction of vitamin B6 with the human serum albumin] (PubMed id 16201370)^{1, 7, 9} Wang J.L....Song Z.F. (2005)
A nucleotide insertion and frameshift cause albumin Kenitra, an extended and O-glycosylated mutant of human serum albumin with two additional disulfide bridges. (PubMed id 11168369)^{1, 2, 9} Minchiotti L....Galliano M. (2001)
Crystal structure of human serum albumin at 2.5-A resolution. (PubMed id 10388840)^{1, 2, 9} Sugio S.... Kobayashi K. (1999)
Protein and DNA sequence analysis of a 'private' genetic variant: albumin Ortonovo (Glu-505-->Lys). (PubMed id 7902134)^{1, 2, 9} Galliano M.... Putnam F.W. (1993)
Two alloalbumins with identical electrophoretic mobility are produced by differently charged amino acid substitutions. (PubMed id 1347703)^{1, 2, 9} Minchiotti L.... Porta F. (1992)
Genetic variants of serum albumin in Americans and Japanese. (PubMed id 1946412)^{1, 2, 9} Madison J.... Putnam F.W. (1991)
Allostery in a monomeric protein: the case of human s erum albumin. (PubMed id 20346571)^{1, 7} Ascenzi P. and Fasano M. (2010)
The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)^{1, 2} Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
About This Section

		AND	OR
Aliases
Disorders
Free Text

Query String		PubMed OMIM NCBI Bookshelf
	(Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
About This Section

Entrez Gene: 213	HGNC: 399	AceView: ALB	Ensembl:ENSG00000163631	euGenes: HUgn213
ECgene: ALB	H-InvDB: ALB

(According to HUGE)
About This Section

(According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
About This Section

Name	Description
PharmGKB entry for ALB	Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
Albumin Website	http://www.albumin.org
Wikipedia	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serum_albumin
GeneReviews	http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/GeneTests/lab/gene/ALB
SeattleSNPs	http://pga.gs.washington.edu/data/alb/

Intellectual Property for ALB gene
(Patent information from GeneIP, Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts, IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)

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Patent Information for ALB gene:
Search GeneIP for patents involving ALB

GeneCards and IP:
Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards Improving the IP Search

(Antibodies, recombinant proteins, and assays from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, QIAGEN, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, SABiosciences, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, Enzo Life Sciences, Abcam, ProSpec, Uscn, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Gene Editing from DNA2.0 and Sirion Biotech, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, SwitchGear Genomics, Vector BioLabs, Cell lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, and Sirion Biotech, PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Drugs and/or compounds from EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Enzo Life Sciences, In Situ Hybridization Assays from
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Microalbuminuria
Severe malnutrition
Protein-Energy Malnutrition
essential hypertension
sepsis
Peripheral Vascular Diseases
Hepatitis Chronic
Nephropathy Membranous
Bisalbuminemia
Atherosclerosis
PROTEIN MALNUTRITION
Liver diseases
Hyperparathyroidism Secondary
Edema
Nephrotic Syndrome
BILIARY CIRRHOSIS PRIMARY
ENCEPHALOPATHY
Diabetes Mellitus Insulin-Dependent
Hypotension
Hepatitis B Chronic
RENAL DISEASE
Hypercalcemia
Esophageal Varices
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid
Alcoholic Cirrhosis
Nephropathy IGA
Liver Failure
GENERALIZED EDEMA
Malnutrition
glomerulosclerosis
Inflammation
GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS, FOCAL SEGMENTAL
Diabetic Nephropathies
NEPHROPATHY HYPERTENSIVE
Proteinuria
Microangiopathy Diabetic
Marasmus
metabolic acidosis
Hyperhomocysteinemia
Liver Failure Acute
Hyperglycemia
Anemia
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis Alcoholic
Renal Failure
LIVER DAMAGE
nutritional deficiency
bacterial peritonitis
Kernicterus
AUTONOMIC NEUROPATHY
Cardiovascular Diseases
Liver Cirrhosis
Hyperthyroxinemia
Renal Failure Acute
Nephrotic Syndrome Minimal Change
Hypocalcemia
Cirrhosis
Critically Ill
Chronic glomerulonephritis
fluid overload
Liver Fibrosis
Glomerulosclerosis Diabetic
Hepatic Encephalopathy
Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy
PERIPHERAL EDEMA
retinopathy
Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetic Retinopathy
hypoalbuminemia
Vitamin D Deficiency
Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome
HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA
Hepatorenal Syndrome
Uremia
Albuminuria
Hypertension Portal
Response Acute Phase
Ascites
Insulin Resistance
Liver Dysfunction
Hypoproteinemia
Liver Diseases Alcoholic
Hypovolemia
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome
ventricular hypertrophy
KIDNEY DYSFUNCTION
HYPOCHOLESTEROLEMIA
Lupus Nephritis
chronic liver disease
Glomerulonephritis
Hyperbilirubinemia
HYPOPROTEINEMIA, HYPERCATABOLIC
NIDDM
Peritonitis
Renal Failure Chronic
Protein-Losing Enteropathies

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ALB Gene

albumin

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