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Category   Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21
GIFtS

ALB Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 69
GCID: GC04P074259

albumin
 Explore 531 diseases affiliated with
ALB via
MalaCards
our new
 Human Malady Compendium 
Biological research products
for ALB    

Aliases
for ALB gene

(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc, 7Ensembl, 8DME, 9miRBase, and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section
Aliases
Albumin1     Albumin (AA 34)2
PRO08832     Cell Growth Inhibiting Protein 422
PRO09032     Growth-Inhibiting Protein 202
PRO13412     Serum Albumin2
Albumin (32 AA)2     

External Ids:    HGNC: 3991   Entrez Gene: 2132   Ensembl: ENSG000001636317   OMIM: 1036005   UniProtKB: P027683   

Export aliases for ALB gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC04P074509 GC04P074670 GC04P074736 GC04P074635 GC04P070083


Summaries
for ALB gene

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section
Entrez Gene summary for ALB:
Albumin is a soluble, monomeric protein which comprises about one-half of the blood serum protein. Albumin functions
primarily as a carrier protein for steroids, fatty acids, and thyroid hormones and plays a role in stabilizing
extracellular fluid volume. Albumin is a globular unglycosylated serum protein of molecular weight 65,000. Albumin is
synthesized in the liver as preproalbumin which has an N-terminal peptide that is removed before the nascent protein
is released from the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The product, proalbumin, is in turn cleaved in the Golgi vesicles to
produce the secreted albumin. (provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: ALBU_HUMAN, P02768
Function: Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty
acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs. Its main function is the regulation of the colloidal osmotic pressure of blood.
Major zinc transporter in plasma, typically binds about 80% of all plasma zinc

Gene Wiki entry for ALB (Serum albumin)


Genomic Views
for ALB gene

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000004.11  NC_018915.1  NT_022778.16  
Regulatory elements:
   SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the ALB gene promoter:
         STAT5B   TBP   STAT1   STAT4   STAT1beta   STAT5A   STAT1alpha   C/EBPalpha   STAT2   STAT3   
         Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmids (see all 15): ALB promoter sequence
   Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for ALB

Epigenetics:
QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat ALB


Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 4q13.3   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  4q13.3   HGNC cytogenetic band: 4q13.3

ALB Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
ALB gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 4         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC04P074259:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
 74,262,831 bp from pter      End:
 74,287,129 bp from pter
Size:
 24,299 bases      Orientation:
 plus strand

Proteins
for ALB gene

(According to 1UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: ALBU_HUMAN, P02768 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: Serum albumin precursor  
Size: 609 amino acids; 69367 Da
Subcellular location: Secreted
Caution: A peptide arising from positions 166 to 174 was originally (PubMed:3087352 and PubMed:2437111) termed
neurotensin-related peptide (NRP) or kinetensin and was thought to regulate fat digestion, lipid absorption, and blood
flow
Sequence caution: Sequence=AAF22034.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Translation N-terminally extended;
Sequence=AAF69644.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Translation N-terminally extended; Sequence=AAG35503.1;
Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Translation N-terminally extended;
6/72 PDB 3D structures from and Proteopedia for ALB (see all 72):
1AO6 (3D)        1BJ5 (3D)        1BKE (3D)        1BM0 (3D)        1E78 (3D)        1E7A (3D)    
Secondary accessions: O95574 P04277 Q13140 Q645G4 Q68DN5 Q6UXK4 Q86YG0 Q9P157 Q9P1I7 Q9UHS3 Q9UJZ0
Alternative splicing: 2 isoforms:  P02768-1   P02768-2   

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for ALB: NX_P02768

Post-translational modifications:

  • Kenitra variant is partially O-glycosylated at Thr-620. It has two new disulfide bonds Cys-600 to Cys-602 and Cys-601
    • to Cys-6061
  • Glycated in diabetic patients1
  • Phosphorylation sites are present in the extracellular medium1
  • Acetylated on Lys-223 by acetylsalicylic acid1
  • View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus2
  • View neXtProt modification sites for NX_P02768

    • ALB Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb:    About this image 
    Estimated protein expression log10 (pmol).

    REFSEQ proteins: NP_000468.1  
    ENSEMBL proteins: 
     ENSP00000392541   ENSP00000295897   ENSP00000401820   ENSP00000423727   ENSP00000421027  
     ENSP00000422784   ENSP00000384695   ENSP00000426179  
    Reactome Protein details: P02768
    Human Recombinant Protein Products: 
    Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at EMD Millipore
    Browse R&D Systems for human recombinant proteins
    Enzo Life Sciences proteins for ALB
    OriGene Purified Protein: ALB
    OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysate: ALB
    OriGene Custom Protein Services for ALB 
    GenScript Custom Purified and Recombinant Proteins Services for ALB
    Novus Biologicals ALB Proteins
    Novus Biologicals ALB Lysates
    Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
    ProSpec Recombinant Protein for ALB
    Uscn Proteins for ALB

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/7 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 7):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005576extracellular region TAS--
    GO:0005604basement membrane IEA--
    GO:0005615extracellular space IDA19996109
    GO:0005737cytoplasm ----
    GO:0031093platelet alpha granule lumen TAS--


    ALB for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    ALB Antibody Products: 
    Browse EMD Millipore's Extensive Line of Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies
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    Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Antibodies for ALB  (albumin)
    OriGene Antibodies (see all 5): ALB
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    GenScript Superior Antibodies for ALB
    Novus Biologicals ALB Antibodies
    Abcam antibodies for ALB 
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    ThermoFisher Antibody for ALB

    Assay Products for ALB: 
    Browse Kits and Assays available from EMD Millipore
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    Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for ALB

    Protein Domains /
    Families
    for ALB gene

    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section
    ALB for domains           About GeneDecksing

    5 InterPro domains/families:
     IPR020858 Serum_albumin-like
     IPR000264 Serum_albumin
     IPR014760 Serum_albumin_N
     IPR020857 Serum_albumin_CS
     IPR021177 Serum_albumin_subgr

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P02768

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: P02768

    1 Blocks protein family: IPB000264 Serum albumin family

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: ALBU_HUMAN, P02768
    Similarity: Belongs to the ALB/AFP/VDB family
    Similarity: Contains 3 albumin domains


    Function
    for ALB gene

    (According to 1UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or 2DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
    bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section
    Function Summary:

         UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: ALBU_HUMAN, P02768
    Function: Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty
    acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs. Its main function is the regulation of the colloidal osmotic pressure of blood.
    Major zinc transporter in plasma, typically binds about 80% of all plasma zinc

         Genatlas biochemistry entry for ALB:
    albumin,putative down-regulated c-Myc target gene,

    miRNA
    Products:            		 OriGene 3'-UTR Clone: ALB
    Browse MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
    QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat ALB
    Search QIAGEN for miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate ALB
    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: ALB 3' UTR sequence
    Inhib. RNA
    Products:            		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
    OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for ALB (see all 4)
    OriGene shRNA RFP: ALB
    OriGene siRNA: ALB
    QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat ALB

    Gene Editing
    Products:    		DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for ALB

    Clone
    Products:             		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from EMD Millipore
    OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for ALB (see all 3)
    OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for ALB (see all 2)
    OriGene custom cloning services – gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling 
    GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector: ALB (NM_000477)
    Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for ALB
    DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for ALB
    Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat ALB 

    Cell Line
    Products:             		GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for ALB
    Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for ALB

    In Situ Assay
    Products:       
         		Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for ALB

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/13 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 13):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0003677DNA binding IDA16405401
    GO:0005504fatty acid binding NAS9731778
    GO:0005507copper ion binding NAS14726550
    GO:0005515protein binding IPI16099937
    GO:0008144drug binding NAS10940303


    ALB for ontologies           About GeneDecksing


    Animal Models:
         Mouse knock-outs for ALB: Albtm1Lex Afp/AlbAfp/tm1.1Brts
         6 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 3 alleles) (MGI details for Alb):
     digestive/alimentary  homeostasis/metabolism  liver/biliary system  mortality/aging  normal 
     renal/urinary system 

    ALB for phenotypes           About GeneDecksing


    Pathways & Interactions
    for ALB gene

    (Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, 3I2D, and/or 4STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
    About This Section

    Unified GeneCards pathways - 5/12 super-pathways (see all 12) About this table 
    See pathways by source

    Super-pathwaycontained gene-specific pathways
    1Lipoprotein metabolism
    		Lipoprotein metabolism1.00
    		Lipid digestion, mobilization, and transport0.56
    		HDL-mediated lipid transport0.57
    2Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation
    		Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation1.00
    		Hemostasis0.43
    3Platelet degranulation
    		Platelet degranulation 1.00
    		Response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+0.94
    4Transport of organic anions
    		Transport of organic anions1.00
    		Transport of vitamins, nucleosides, and related molecules0.35
    5SLC-mediated transmembrane transport
    		SLC-mediated transmembrane transport1.00
    		Transmembrane transport of small molecules0.50

    Pathway sources
    See GeneCards unified pathways
    Show all pathways

    2 EMD Millipore Pathways for ALB
        Selected targets of HNF1
    Selected targets of C/EBPalpha


    2 BioSystems Pathways for ALB 
        Selenium Pathway
    FOXA2 and FOXA3 transcription factor networks

    5/17        Reactome Pathways for ALB (see all 17)
        Metabolism
    Recycling of bile acids and salts
    Response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+
    Transmembrane transport of small molecules
    SLC-mediated transmembrane transport



    ALB for pathways           About GeneDecksing

    Interactions:

        SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for ALB

    STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 25)

    5/248 Interacting proteins for ALB (P027682, 3 ENSP000002958974) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 248)
    InteractantInteraction Details
    GeneCardExternal ID(s)
    IMMTQ168912, 3, ENSP000003872624MINT-8258723 I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000387262
    PFDN1O609252, 3MINT-8265687 I2D: score=2 
    TK1P041832, 3MINT-8272905 I2D: score=2 
    LUC7L2Q9Y3833, ENSP000003470054I2D: score=4 STRING: ENSP00000347005
    C7orf55-LUC7L2Q9Y3833I2D: score=4 
    About this table

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/22 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 22):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0002576platelet degranulation TAS--
    GO:0006629lipid metabolic process TAS--
    GO:0006810transport TAS12617161
    GO:0006950response to stress ----
    GO:0007584response to nutrient IEA--


    ALB for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    Drugs & Compounds
    for ALB gene

    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
    About This Section

    ALB for compounds           About GeneDecksing

    Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore
    Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

    Browse Tocris compounds for ALB

    10 HMDB Compounds for ALB    About this table
    CompoundSynonyms CAS #PubMed Ids
    Bilirubin(4Z,15Z)-Bilirubin IXa (see all 17)635-65-418498776
    BismuthBi (see all 2)7440-69-9--
    ChlorpheniramineChlor-trimeton (see all 8)113-92-8--
    Estrone(+)-Estrone (see all 7)53-16-7--
    Estrone sulfateConestoral (see all 12)481-97-0--
    Ibuprofenalpha-(4-Isobutylphenyl)propionate (see all 9)15687-27-1--
    Liothyronine3,3',5-Triiodo-L-thyronine (see all 20)6893-02-3--
    Pyridoxine2-Methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridine (see all 16)65-23-6--
    Sodium lauryl sulfateAdeka Hope LS 35 (see all 243)151-21-3--
    Testosterone(+)-testosterone (see all 86)58-22-0--

    10/107 DrugBank Compounds for ALB (see all 107)    About this table
    CompoundSynonyms CAS #TypeActionsPubMed Ids
    Sodium lauryl sulfateDodecyl alcohol, hydrogen sulfate, sodium salt (see all 27)151-21-3carrierbinder16457837 16085141 16256620 16256532 11752352 16379295
    CefoperazoneCefoperazono [inn-spanish] (see all 2)62893-19-0carrierother/unknown2311445 2496656 3339510 16379298 8950041
    PhenprocoumonFenprocumone [DCIT] (see all 5)435-97-2carrier--1205658 1642965 4762907 2751413 12543492
    Auranofin-- 34031-32-8carrier--11666224 7925457 2403377 3655788
    CaptoprilCaptoprilum [INN-Latin] (see all 3)62571-86-2carrierother/unknown16469467 8216349 9040098 15093593
    Diflunisal-- 22494-42-4carrier--17132209 11673972 7371361 2751413
    DigitoxinDigitoksin (see all 3)71-63-6carrier--11678517 10774625 10604823 10202961
    Ethacrynic acidEtacrinic acid (see all 6)58-54-8carrier--9275312 3714803 9863950 2792351
    Fospropofol-- 258516-87-9carrier--16032968 15791110 15449957 17311911
    Gadobenate Dimeglumine-- 113662-23-0carrierbinder9055236 16118549 11752352 9406019

    10/140 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for ALB gene (see all 140)    About this table
    Compound   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    creatinine 90.6 3964 10727680 (8), 8831085 (7), 9080259 (7), 17405790 (7) (see all 99)
    fibrinogen 83.7 1545 16703327 (7), 9610611 (7), 11422756 (7), 12969171 (7) (see all 99)
    cholesterol 79.9 2000 15082432 (7), 8524502 (6), 18563300 (6), 17279492 (5) (see all 99)
    rhsa 78.5 72 9167443 (2), 10502345 (2), 18199895 (2), 9688461 (2) (see all 38)
    dansylsarcosine 78.2 30 1382424 (6), 9430764 (3), 8720306 (2), 1706921 (2) (see all 16)
    urea 77.8 659 8366899 (5), 8573919 (4), 17361319 (4), 10666933 (4) (see all 99)
    uric acid 76.4 495 10910618 (5), 10898045 (4), 18442624 (4), 16554340 (3) (see all 99)
    hydroxyethyl starch 76.4 487 10703679 (8), 11515893 (7), 9261899 (6), 10361869 (6) (see all 99)
    glucose 73.8 1576 19349048 (6), 9103700 (6), 8575721 (6), 16920285 (5) (see all 99)
    fructosamine 71.2 212 10326628 (7), 1597333 (5), 8893144 (5), 8502341 (5) (see all 95)

    Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about ALB / ALBU 

    Transcripts
    for ALB gene

    (Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
    GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
    siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
    About This Section
    REFSEQ mRNAs for ALB gene: 
    NM_000477.5  

    Unigene Clusters for ALB:

    Albumin
    Hs.418167  [show with all ESTs], Hs.592379  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequences: NM_000477, BX436222
    18 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:
    ENST00000441319 ENST00000295897(uc003hgs.4 uc011cbe.2 uc003hgw.4 uc011cbf.2)
    ENST00000510166 ENST00000515133 ENST00000415165 ENST00000514786 ENST00000476441
    ENST00000503124 ENST00000509063 ENST00000401494 ENST00000505649 ENST00000511370
    ENST00000507673 ENST00000484992 ENST00000504043 ENST00000486939 ENST00000508932
    ENST00000495173

    miRNA
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    Browse OriGene MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
    QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat ALB
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    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: ALB 3' UTR sequence
    Inhib. RNA
    Products:             		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
    OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for ALB (see all 4)
    OriGene shRNA RFP: ALB
    OriGene siRNA: ALB
    QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat ALB
    Clone
    Products:             		 OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for ALB (see all 3)
    OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for ALB (see all 2)
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    GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector: ALB (NM_000477)
    DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for ALB
    Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat ALB 
    Primer
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    Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
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      QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat ALB
      QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat ALB

    Additional cDNA sequence: X51365.1 

    24/209 DOTS entries (see all 209):

    DT.100864734  DT.98132054  DT.95377482  DT.100746389  DT.87011119  DT.100861910  DT.100746447  DT.100746541 
    DT.91816166  DT.95377906  DT.95376610  DT.100746432  DT.95376706  DT.100844172  DT.95376678  DT.100861974 
    DT.100746557  DT.100746613  DT.95376631  DT.91998425  DT.92056056  DT.98132061  DT.100746529  DT.95376639 

    3197 AceView cDNA sequences (see top 24):

    CR597211 AA333868 CB154310 AI338727 BX346129 AI065100 AU121366 AI110642 
    R29144 CR599721 BC036003 BX448686 T40025 AL557745 AA343603 R28850 
    CB116624 T40773 T39951 AL531680 BX462983 AL531846 BX400101 AL558090 
    BG563203 CR600034 CR608361 AI065162 CR605670 BX405739 BX497030 AV718023 
    CR592816 CR624330 CR624078 CR613537 BX427261 CR597943 BX462907 AL558020 
    AU120399 BG567101 CR602816 CR606327 CR624987 CR596480 AU121061 T40956 
    BX494622 AL531831 BG617571 CR615080 CR593839 BG568551 AI174948 T64294 
    BG565088 CB154204 T62091 AL531196 BX497045 AV718001 AV693204 CB153815 
    AI114589 BG564126 BG566650 CB154702 T40728 BX445212 AI133061 AL557874 
    BG564182 AI114603 BX643316 BG566069 AI133043 AA342289 BX422456 N58440 
    BP342629 AA342071 AI114729 AI174726 BG568930 BX506709 AW235830 BX423811 
    BG568381 BX426764 CB117011 T73749 CR613656 AL531120 BX498822 BG616453 
    CR615566 CR605517 CB111962 BX346045 D11549 CR616559 AA343353 BC034023 
    CR607982 BG568328 BG566251 CR626041 BM970058 BX422413 CB154697 CR617086 
    CR594507 AU120122 BX325035 BX426744 BX448595 BX426664 AI133464 BX427157 
    AL564699 T40858 T40951 R29455 BX448749 CR622692 AL532230 CB144712 
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    AI061645 AL564293 CR620627 AI207723 CR615141 CR590860 BX346202 CR606332 
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    AI114526 BG565833 BX405464 BX400088 BM679464 D11974 AL558093 AI114515 
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    T51532 AI174993 AA332502 AI114663 BX462972 BX646865 BX340561 CR603842 
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    T67825 T69564 BX495737 CB111966 BX496410 BG567415 BX494845 BX427794 
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    AV681904 BX643354 BX422278 W02621 BG562531 AU120956 BX494815 BG618315 
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    AV696503 AV691435 BX495611 BG562650 BX427120 R28946 AI133684 AV687997 
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    BG568759 T61628 BG431109 CB154111 BX497351 D11664 BF196528 CB147223 
    BG618142 BX497021 AF075298 BX494737 BG568231 BX448210 BX405840 BX506654 
    AV684190 BG562861 CB154311 BX494900 BX444056 BX494821 BX495855 BM926765 
    AA313523 CB154120 BX494645 BX448002 AV687014 BX496545 BX495658 T39917 
    BX444164 CB148374 AI133671 BG568931 AI114759 BG618292 T67814 BG562588 
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    BX646224 AV681899 AL531135 BX643460 BG564957 BG567011 BF126547 BG568125 
    CB144748 BX494943 BX330789 BE326887 AI823460 BG564980 BX447946 BX494516 
    BX497015 BX448707 BX494746 BG563883 BX496768 AI133098 BX494902 CB123018 
    BX494686 CB148976 BX505611 BX507374 AI133272 BX494741 BX496727 BG566697 
    BX494555 BX478566 BX494895 AF063579 BX509069 BG564947 AV689241 AI174839 
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    BG564818 BG616596 BX506695 BX494681 BX405760 AA345784 BX406500 BX494396 
    AV696218 BG564940 BG533505 T58857 AI963890 BG564377 BX497624 CB113368 
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    AV681693 AV694258 CB158488 T39896 BX500990 CB154277 BQ646699 BG566683 
    BX509034 AL532184 BG565822 CB122311 AI061603 BG565578 BX427133 BX497467 
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    BX427210 BG618836 BX496976 BX955700 BX494930 AA334527 BG562715 AL531203 
    AI097221 BX507375 AA342401 BX495020 BG566730 AI065128 CB153814 BX367120 
    CB154300 BX507396 BX496991 CB116643 BG567141 AI114504 BX507360 BX494630 
    AV681970 CB111929 AV687175 BX346156 BG545232 CB122986 AV686894 R29385 
    AV685390 BX367119 BG617293 BX494617 BX494738 AV687016 BX497210 BG562651 
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    AV689676 AW771519 BG568710 BG564331 BG617193 CB113353 BM918840 BG569690 
    BG564254 AU120701 BG566478 BG567320 BX494703 BG564534 AA332602 CB115655 
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    BX367162 BG617863 AI203974 CB154200 BG568416 CB114872 BG563158 T40032 
    BG616687 AI064736 BX382958 BX506598 BX496953 T53977 T69175 BX495440 
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    BG618140 R28763 AI114478 BG569040 BG617149 BG545164 BX495156 AA313174 
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    CB141769 AA343592 T40926 T50654 BX951498 BX646850 BG569442 BG565258 
    AV687549 BV202292 CB148975 BG565697 CB153869 BX495441 CB153867 BX494531 
    BG565123 BX494779 AV688292 AV685052 BX506675 AI823481 BX496156 BX427638 
    BX497207 AV692452 BX494858 CB124872 BX506511 BG565368 BG568453 BX643406 
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    BX509042 CB154150 BX406675 T39931 N64454 BX494690 BX406311 CB154358 
    AV682363 BX494978 BX506638 BG563273 BX496267 BX951515 CB148967 BX643374 
    BG563039 BX388003 BX325040 BG567983 BX494658 BG618102 AV685365 AV683006 
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    BX496753 BX427955 AA342121 AA344424 BG567916 AL557929 AI110704 BG568788 
    BX494401 CB113513 CB116998 AA360354 AI207595 BX506422 BX499187 BX445315 
    AU121284 BG568869 BX494553 AL531817 AI061595 BX506656 BG617131 BX462967 
    BX494465 CB141743 BG564388 BC014308 BG545043 BX426762 BX405824 BX494917 
    AA501730 CB142739 BG562769 BC034026 AV691598 BG563584 BX422268 BG533360 
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    BX427905 BX405693 AL531771 BG565324 AV682396 BG569488 AV695303 AI140200 
    AV691486 BX449017 R01842 BX495643 AI337801 BX494885 D11603 BX346223 
    AL564582 BX506723 BX494472 AI478598 BG567871 BX427459 CB148248 BX951471 
    AV682304 BG569518 CB120332 BG564950 BG565496 AA334802 BX498469 AI174786 
    BX494624 BG568833 BG566977 BG617053 AL558064 BX506608 BG567017 CB144713 
    H69195 BQ652594 BX506533 BX494757 BX406290 BX951525 BX499106 BX497213 
    BX494952 BX494603 AL564275 AL532234 T40093 AA342078 BX495483 AI174690 
    BG568790 BG564946 BX496539 BX494451 BX494728 V00495 BM172063 BX495216 
    BX494323 BX494543 BX498083 BG618194 AL531947 BX494700 AV686779 AI114618 
    CB147157 BG567408 CB162653 AA343312 BG533262 AI132936 AV686400 BG618174 
    BX325217 CB120353 BG567035 BX497219 BG618377 BX494996 AI628100 AI064979 
    BX428026 AU120138 AI652144 BX494436 AV685405 BX951487 BX427997 BG617893 
    BX495801 BX494793 AI312891 BX494370 BG618663 T84124 BG568126 BG617907 
    T40994 AI336158 BX447935 BX448028 AI110809 BX643415 BG567682 BG617657 
    T71188 BG567808 AV685076 BG562693 BG617889 BX427235 AL564324 BI764872 
    CB154230 BX951532 AL579775 BG618003 BX346050 BG564299 BX643464 AV682667 
    BG568409 BX509038 BX509079 T39738 CB117052 T40039 BG567783 BG618105 
    BX406749 BG617666 BG564888 AV684724 BX426808 BX494552 BG562968 AV693112 
    BX494723 BX464255 CB147330 T71203 BG618388 BX494870 CB147243 AA337556 
    BX495015 AI133345 BG618610 T40972 CB154141 BX494666 BX509063 BG566032 
    BX325175 BG617963 CB148259 BX478547 BX494756 AV685417 BX496759 AV694019 
    BG563067 AI133263 AA334019 BX448262 AV681715 BG616518 BX346074 BX367025 
    AL564448 AL531616 AV694095 BG617245 AL579937 BG564504 BX496182 AV684776 
    BX506502 BX495923 BX494800 BX494852 BG566698 CB122310 BX423838 BX494950 
    AV698586 BX494838 BX494679 BF431630 BX448101 BX405572 AI133017 BG618501 
    BG564508 CB137661 AA342371 BX497220 BG562691 BX506453 BG618602 BX509071 
    BG569491 AW612352 BX494564 BG569453 AI174729 BX494403 BX951541 AL557799 
    BX463004 BX497214 T68347 BX494575 BX509075 AV693799 BG564562 AU120899 
    BX496672 BX496473 BX448132 BG617949 BG567282 BX494889 CB141205 BX506412 
    BX506637 BX494392 BG567629 BX495781 BG618858 BX496975 BG567926 BX498977 
    BG568664 BX496816 BQ643982 BG568489 AI133404 BX646882 BX387986 CB154295 
    BG562770 CB154371 T61120 BG568063 BG567129 AI949897 BG567272 BX496259 
    BX325079 BG569340 BX346157 BG618095 BX463018 BX405340 BG568977 BG562906 
    AV697409 BX497114 BG617994 AL531140 BX494364 AL532545 BX498002 BG563464 
    BX499118 BQ644404 T40000 H62140 BG617859 BX498093 CB137751 AI133063 
    AV691346 BG567304 BX951523 AI174852 BX422386 BX494452 BG568421 AV690269 
    BG564159 BX498264 N80495 BX643324 BX427047 BX494559 BX494307 T39835 
    AI174724 BE671892 AV687241 AI189471 BX406148 CB141200 AL531055 BG568550 
    AL564504 BX346118 R28862 BG563340 BG618471 AI114710 BX494580 AV688742 
    AL558630 AA333828 CB146957 AV695966 CB146966 AI133641 BX365466 BX499134 
    BG564091 BX506704 BX448987 BX325117 BX497039 BG564047 BG533261 AI133473 
    BX367123 CB147219 BG567352 BX509062 BX494824 BX496809 BX325034 Z19962 
    CB115419 BX494595 AL557966 BX951450 BX494653 BG567568 BG568234 BG568638 
    CB147350 BG562871 BG565031 AL532040 AU120923 BX497111 BX506421 BG562925 
    AI207487 BX422297 BE465170 T40938 AI133207 BG618354 BX494635 CB116663 
    BX494837 BX505618 AI133118 BX494523 BG566620 BG562933 R29351 BG568321 
    R28881 BX494361 BX426739 BG568364 AI114468 BG564221 BG564470 BG566495 
    BX346139 BX506565 BX509085 AI110741 BG564841 BX506809 BG617127 BX448572 
    BG566798 BG564748 CB114921 AA342692 BG618071 BX497633 AI190374 BX646885 
    BX494768 BG568569 AI373076 BX427943 CB124883 BX506707 AV695268 AI140227 
    BX494805 BX497012 BM172031 BG562717 BG562945 BG618567 AA342646 BG617979 
    BE326964 BX497022 CB153800 T58192 AL564326 BX494442 R06028 BG564955 
    T39739 BG565517 AA342898 AI207501 BG617162 BX494419 AV688062 AV699038 
    BX951514 AV695875 AI132977 BG616999 AI613084 BX464181 BF431445 CB114871 
    BF126554 BX367092 BX494558 BG618014 BX507397 BG568095 BG565918 AA343367 
    BX406550 CB154107 BX448579 AI133622 BG533566 BX499259 BX405714 BG618062 
    BX494521 BX346085 BG566641 BG566084 BG533541 BX494573 BG567253 BX449067 
    BX448898 BX951453 BX367014 BX494804 AV693803 BG563043 BX496722 T39662 
    BG569443 BG533527 AV692942 AV682633 BG568849 CB122969 BX494412 BG566159 
    BX367110 CB124855 AL563958 CB113322 BG618457 BG568141 BX509067 T58867 
    AV687308 BX643363 BX494426 AI065049 AF063503 BG563669 BX497547 BG564890 
    BG568466 BX448257 BX495404 BF434885 BX506615 BG617829 D11897 BX951452 
    BG567214 BX506440 BX406372 CB154694 BV202313 CB142753 BF196465 BX406746 
    BX494506 AI114590 BX494625 BX427621 T58904 BG618019 BX496691 BG569159 
    BX478761 CB116976 BG533321 AA343023 AI064767 BX496849 BX497194 BG564260 
    AA342129 BX498015 BX494809 AA334608 CB137774 AI133525 BG562527 BX423835 
    BG533414 BX478262 BX494238 BX494956 AU120615 T68284 BG618240 BG568812 
    BX494529 BX325213 BX503354 BG567834 AL565686 BX367015 BG617591 BG569110 
    BG563228 BX495018 BG568353 AL532187 BG545366 BX506415 AA334290 BG569093 
    AV698176 BX643339 BG564618 AA343395 AV692986 BX509024 BX499264 BX449015 
    AA343431 BG617476 V00494 BX387936 AA788868 BX494730 BX495034 T40012 
    AL564574 AI478130 BX448003 BX406261 BX427130 AA360370 CB116973 BX494615 
    BX388023 AW950619 AI110799 W20178 BG533500 R29640 BG568853 BX448299 
    BX506593 D11557 AI207463 BG569108 BX509025 BX497184 BX951473 BX951542 
    CB123002 BG618373 BX494606 AV681940 BG567414 BX643328 BX494539 CB148280 
    BG533554 BX497199 BG566666 BX426807 BX494784 BX643432 AL531672 BG563061 
    BX325218 BG565700 BX405582 BX494510 AI133401 BX495384 BG567423 BG563555 
    BX494459 AI478817 BX494878 BG567103 AV690725 BG545166 BX443801 BX494520 
    BX494511 AL557960 AL564454 BX406375 BX494683 BX497197 AV692305 AV681691 
    BX495001 BG569446 AV689405 BG617061 BG618605 BX507410 AF075308 BG566565 
    AL531074 AV686090 T55956 BG562447 CB115357 BG618122 CB115646 BG617480 
    BX496767 AV688874 BG562867 AA333988 CB158441 BX494609 BX509023 AV684140 
    T40050 BG562459 BG618935 AV694065 CB154286 AA342193 BG567787 BG568244 
    BG569027 BX494918 BG569106 BG566779 BG618020 AI133442 BG566795 BG618460 
    BG567421 AI373319 BG533390 BG564382 BX494863 AV688410 AU120322 BG567812 
    BG617943 BX498839 CB122997 R29310 BG565011 AV691266 BX373894 AI064855 
    AI207652 BF062404 AI064793 BG617878 BG563658 BG565327 BG533350 BG568925 
    BG618463 AW025528 CB154302 AV687092 AL557788 BX427060 BG564014 BG618856 
    BG565639 BG565376 BX507331 D82130 AV717963 AA343791 BX494760 BX643428 
    AV696784 R98206 BG562547 BX494655 AV688476 BX495515 BX496736 CB157578 
    BG568765 BX427687 BG568705 BX494613 AA333704 T69116 BX497107 AL531615 
    AV696757 BX643403 BX496962 T67405 BX478154 AW027940 BG568476 BX426997 
    BG565405 AV692621 BX406665 AI114679 AV689721 CB154684 BG533547 AV681931 
    BG617108 BG565610 AI132999 BG618534 BX494820 BX423727 CB124875 BG618090 
    AV691830 BG617392 BX506424 BG563106 AA343253 BX494786 AI133726 BX643332 
    AL579949 CB120375 BX405730 AL564523 BX448107 AL564422 BG565234 AA334001 
    BX951451 BG564846 R09237 BX346128 BG568934 BX426711 AI313181 CB142773 
    BE971240 BG533413 AL564714 AI065008 BG569336 BX448171 BG568699 BX463168 
    AI444620 BX506425 BG562829 AV686712 BG618091 BC035969 AI150977 BX406782 
    AV682048 CB141196 AL564759 BX426884 BX427151 BG569637 CB148260 BG567284 
    BG567266 CB148294 AI064926 BG569584 AL564489 BX499075 AV695169 BX494905 
    BG563977 BG567807 BX496838 BG563943 BX496677 BX494585 BG567225 BX495006 
    BG617079 BX463028 AI271695 BX506532 BX509054 AA936693 AL564265 BG569261 
    BG562589 BX507329 BX494846 AI064701 AV698085 CB111931 AV694744 BG618205 
    BG617736 AI061615 BX506644 AI913643 BX497029 BX498242 AA342878 BG618464 
    AV687353 T69561 BG617737 BX405562 BG564616 CB130114 BX507414 AI313176 
    BX496853 BG617942 AA334232 BX497103 BG564064 BX426786 CB154305 BX494702 
    BG568505 T39761 AI110779 T60924 BX494752 BX494869 BX426916 BG568727 
    AU120645 BG564745 BX494468 BG618046 BX494940 BX494402 T40163 BG568293 
    H47634 BG545171 BX498115 BX506448 BX448140 R29086 CB111919 BG617954 
    AI114750 AU121038 BG617626 BG565098 BG567169 BG618072 BX494654 BX494961 
    T40779 BX494875 BX387960 BC041789 AV683057 CB154223 T71709 T50776 
    BX496356 BX423806 CB146964 AL580423 BG568612 BG563105 AA343350 AI065050 
    AA334140 AI174695 AI766232 AI110671 BX494550 BX503378 AU121201 BX956653 
    AV684583 BX505490 CB135244 BX494937 BX495371 AA344644 AA343257 BG618452 
    BX422310 BX494371 BX495035 BG563896 AF190168 BX497092 BG567771 BX423724 
    BX346109 BG568522 BX449082 BX506420 D82117 BX494501 BG616530 BG565237 
    BX506623 BG567386 AL563996 BX509035 CB120390 BX448670 AL531377 AA313105 
    BX494851 BX951480 BG565136 BX496899 BX506417 BX494879 BX497186 BG563255 
    BX427976 BX951529 BX448306 AV695330 BX494524 AL580001 BF126542 BX495230 
    AV695883 T60491 D11839 AV683198 BG562767 BG566104 BG565010 BX494792 
    CB123010 BX497093 CB120380 BG568242 AV691395 BX497471 BX646799 CB124840 
    AA343347 BX448026 AI174821 BX643416 BX427018 AI065087 AV689263 AL558644 
    BG563726 BX506562 BX494432 BF196427 BG562773 BX388080 BG562422 AL531382 
    BG617088 BG566657 T40040 BG616920 AA313092 BG563718 BX506550 BG564041 
    BX496423 AL532203 BG566374 BX494935 BX494473 BX646896 BG564589 BX496067 
    BX495553 BX448359 CB154711 BX509061 BG563524 AI207542 AV696577 AV690490 
    T24081 AF074686 BG617940 BX494578 BG565398 CB142763 BX497121 AV690445 
    BG565514 BG562977 BG617416 BG617980 BX643330 BX494593 BG568683 N57903 
    BX495805 BX494454 AI065042 T53287 BX497195 AL557948 BG566335 AA342578 
    BX367178 AI478644 BX448216 BG616972 AV681806 BX405381 T24032 BX507334 
    BG569259 CB148246 AV687450 AL557939 BG569607 BG563693 AL564429 BG568864 
    BX448864 BG618327 CB142722 BG563604 BG568127 BM721034 CB114888 BG564874 
    BX506447 CB114886 BX426811 BX405631 T68819 CB148232 T60331 T73827 
    BX427980 AV698496 BX494993 AV697341 BG569083 R06691 AI936354 BX496985 
    CB163702 BG617922 BX951526 BG567394 BG617106 AA334461 BG564904 BX494972 
    BG564634 BG562788 AA334255 BG187960 BX494440 BX494597 AI114676 CB122309 
    AW051713 CB154709 BX427967 BX495449 CB154339 BG563161 T40946 T95338 
    AV694855 AI061612 BG564485 BX346108 CB153802 AV690673 BX494620 N93851 
    BG533422 BF105265 BX498302 BG565646 BX505463 AI207490 BG565048 AI613071 
    T41051 BX494642 BG533384 BX496920 BX346075 BX643388 CB114870 BG563700 
    AA313192 AV709846 BX496526 BG617214 BX405669 BG564568 BG564265 BG545051 
    AA334670 CB113337 BG562576 BG568277 T40010 BG568743 BG566432 BG568878 
    AV689071 AV685305 CB142735 BX478716 BG564978 BG566383 BX494540 BG568707 
    BG562521 BX507385 BX494695 BF740008 BG564783 AI110619 BG618872 BX494795 
    BG617883 BG564278 BX496171 BG562863 CB162698 BG401649 AI133104 BX494763 
    BX405657 AV682076 CB158427 BX367187 BG616719 BX494488 BX447915 AV696219 
    T39981 AV687948 BX509046 BX346119 CB115675 BX643391 BG569283 BX426948 
    BX955678 BG616951 BG616735 T40965 CB149004 BX494406 AI192792 T39927 
    BG565029 BG568661 BX406425 T69402 BX494955 BG565449 BG568009 BG617971 
    BG563897 BG616503 AV692658 T39998 BX643424 BG563976 AV691565 BX643355 
    AL563998 BX405506 BG565970 AV689135 BX445314 AV690799 AA343125 CB153885 
    BX498990 AI110629 BX495004 AV682640 AA313179 BX497221 BX478860 BX494355 
    BX367169 BG616728 BG566428 CB148304 AV685207 AL564136 BG568108 BX506657 
    BX497275 BG566575 AV688146 BX427795 BG567579 BG566284 BX506856 AV696099 
    BX447937 BX346080 BX505588 BX497305 BG563343 BX643338 CB122985 CB137651 
    BG569543 BX448215 BX478675 BG563322 BX509068 BX495642 BX494812 AI312883 
    BX951494 CB146627 BX444015 CB147185 BG618717 CB153842 BX422655 BG567464 
    NM_000477 BX494954 AV683407 BV199990 BX646860 T46889 BX955282 BX498424 
    BX463015 BX498300 BG567752 BX448804 AI065020 BX494532 CB116974 AI064758 
    T60350 AL579995 BX346017 AV693795 CB153852 BX956278 AI114840 BX494466 
    BX494525 BG567918 CB148267 BG562711 BG568704 BG565158 CB122306 BG545183 
    AI114572 BG562636 D11536 BG564539 BG533551 BX406478 BX495605 BX346148 
    BX494848 T39715 BX494515 CB154269 CB135755 AV687061 BX494718 AI207520 
    BG617589 BX494569 AV684346 T40962 AI796733 CB122280 BX494916 AA334306 
    AV693600 BG564637 CB153866 AV692458 AI114438 BX496738 BX494772 BX382945 
    BG569188 BX346053 BG616943 BX494919 BG617939 CB134868 BG562580 AI133100 
    BG567991 AL579840 AA342230 AL564325 AV693412 T40716 AA343950 AV694172 
    T74681 T40880 AL579783 AL579720 BX426979 BX496572 BG568492 AL564073 
    AV695837 T56825 AL579999 AL564067 AA948088 AL564018 AV685329 AA343176 
    AL564313 AV685668 T48227 AV688139 AL563957 AL564029 AL579786 T61291 
    AV684709 AL579895 H72085 H90143 AV691912 AL579777 AL564047 AL579975 
    AV696991 AA341961 T40882 AL532186 BX506617 AL564260 T55237 T95428 
    AV686013 AL563932 AL563961 AL580418 W05241 AL564320 AL580002 T40749 
    AA342398 AL564121 BG533570 BX325118 BG533267 T40047 BX427064 AI174713 
    R28744 N76438 T61879 AV689797 AV694156 BX494657 T40970 AA342736 
    AL564286 AL564328 BX448194 AL564323 T67485 T68296 AL563968 AL580408 
    AV694522 AL579785 H90242 AL563948 AL580007 BM171974 AL580427 AL564044 
    AL564701 AL564267 AL564256 AL579789 H47938 T40952 AL564562 AL579941 
    T69631 T68695 W65337 T71779 T64684 T58917 AL580419 AL579990 
    T58966 T60361 T60576 AL564102 R09734 AV695935 T57381 AL563981 
    T61286 AL564163 AL579792 AV693556 AL564734 T74880 AL579939 AL580422 
    AL564178 AL579880 R09351 AL564194 BM172086 AL563923 T61713 AL564264 
    BG566727 T57203 AL564288 T67566 AL564509 T73776 T72884 AL579933 
    H71366 T74548 W40324 T69627 T61335 T57320 T64672 AL564156 
    AL579797 H71319 T74936 BG545099 AL564090 T62153 AL564177 BG533491 
    AL564223 AL564304 AL563984 AL564198 T48228 T71739 R06692 AL564193 
    T61233 AL564195 AL564115 T68361 T67964 T81874 T89358 AL564179 
    T58905 AL564248 AL579766 T60978 R98207 T70454 AL564064 R01843 
    AL579891 AL580428 BM172081 AL564183 AL564245 AL579938 T51173 AL579870 
    AL563926 AL579885 T51681 AL579854 T53288 T58916 AL564165 T53918 
    T50808 W35144 T50938 T53195 AL564164 

    GeneLoc Exon Structure

    5/10 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for ALB (see all 10)    About this scheme

    ExUns: 1a · 1b ^ 2 ^ 3a · 3b ^ 4 ^ 5a · 5b ^ 6a · 6b · 6c ^ 7a · 7b ^ 8a · 8b ^ 9a · 9b ^ 10a · 10b ^ 11a · 11b · 11c ^ 12a · 12b ^ 13 ^ 14a ·
    SP1:                                                              -                             -                       -                                       
    SP2:                                                  -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -           -                                       
    SP3:                    -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -                 -                       -                                       
    SP4:                          -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -           -                       -                                       
    SP5:                                      -     -     -     -     -     -                       -                                                               

    ExUns: 14b ^ 15 ^ 16a · 16b
    SP1:                        
    SP2:                        
    SP3:                        
    SP4:                        
    SP5:                        


    ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for ALB

    Expression
    for ALB gene

    (RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
    PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
    About This Section

    ALB expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
    See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
    About this imageBioGPS
    CGAP TAG: AGAATAAGAG

    Microarray
    RNAseq (Illumina Body Map)
    (100×FPKM)½
    SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression)
    About this image

    ALB expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells
    Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine    About this table
    9 LifeMap In Vivo Development Anatomical Compartments/Cells 
    Tissue Anatomical Compartment CellCategory (developmental path)
    Gut TubeVentral Foregut EndodermHepatic Endoderm CellsLiver
    LiverHepatic DiverticulumHepatic Diverticulum CellsLiver
    LiverLiver BudHepatoblastsLiver
    LiverLiver LobuleHepatocytesLiver
    LiverLiver LobuleMature HepatocytesLiver
    LiverIntrahepatic Biliary TreeOval CellsLiver
    LiverLiver LobuleFetal HepatocytesLiver
    AdiposeBody Subcutaneous White AdiposeAdipose
    HeartRight VentricleHeart
    Expression: Positive    Negative     Selective marker
    Experimental details: Curated     Microarrays     In-situ hybridization
    Stem Cell Differentiation: 10/12 LifeMap Cells (see all 12) 
    NameCategory
    Hepatocyte-like cells (Generation of hepato...)
    Hepatocyte-like cells (Mouse embryonic stem...)
    Endocrine progenitors (Generation of pancre...)
    Hepatocyte-like cells (Functional hepatocyt...)
    Immature hepatocytes (Functional, immature...)
    Immature hepatocyte-like cells (Hepatocyte-like cell...)
    Early hepatocyte like-cells (Hepatocyte-like cell...)
    Chondrocyte-like cells (Direct differentiati...)Bone, Cartilage
    Primitive Streak Mesendoderm cells (Direct differentiati...)
    Mesoderm-like cells (Direct differentiati...)Mesoderm

    See ALB Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
    Genevestigator expression for ALB

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene clusters: Hs.418167 Hs.592379

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: ALBU_HUMAN, P02768
    Tissue specificity: Plasma

        SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Arrays including ALB: 
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              Oxidative Stress in human mouse rat
              Molecular Toxicology PathwayFinder 384HT in human mouse rat

    Primer
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    Orthologs
    for ALB gene

    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD , 5MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or 6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
    About This Section
    This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.

    Orthologs for ALB gene from 2/9 species (see all 9)    About this table
    Organism Taxonomic
    classification    		 Gene Description Human
    Similarity    		 Orthology
    Type    		 Details
    chicken
    (Gallus gallus)    		 Aves ALB1 albumin 60.37(n)
    47.95(a)    		   396197  NM_205261.1  NP_990592.1 
    zebrafish
    (Danio rerio)    		 Actinopterygii gc6
    		 group-specific component (vitamin D binding protei...
    		 20(a)
    		 1 → many
    		 5(47282879-47303096)


    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for ALB (if available)
    TreeFam Gene Tree for ALB (if available) 

    Paralogs
    for ALB gene

    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene,
    2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
    About This Section
    Paralogs for ALB gene
    AFM2  GC2  AFP2  
    2 SIMAP similar genes for ALB using alignment to 8 protein entries:     ALBU_HUMAN (see all proteins):
    AFP    AFM

    ALB for paralogs           About GeneDecksing



    Genomic Variants
    for ALB gene

    (SNPs/Variants according to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
    About This Section

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: ALBU_HUMAN, P02768
    Polymorphism: A variant structure of albumin could lead to increased binding of zinc resulting in an asymptomatic
    augmentation of zinc concentration in the blood. The sequence shown is that of variant albumin A


    Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): ALB

    Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB): ALB

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    Disorders / Diseases
    for ALB gene

    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section
    ALB for disorders           About GeneDecksing

    OMIM gene information: 103600   
    OMIM disorders: 194470  
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: ALBU_HUMAN, P02768
  • Defects in ALB are a cause of familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia (FDH) [MIM:103600]. FDH is a form of
    • euthyroid hyperthyroxinemia that is due to increased affinity of ALB for T(4). It is the most common cause of
    inherited euthyroid hyperthyroxinemia in Caucasian population

    20/531 diseases for ALB (see all 531):    About MalaCards
    protein-losing enteropathy    protein-energy malnutrition    hypoproteinemia, hypercatabolic    cronkhite-canada syndrome
    twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome    apo a-i deficiency    open-angle glaucoma    pure red-cell aplasia
    heparin-induced thrombocytopenia    capillary leak syndrome    maple syrup urine disease    twin twin transfusion syndrome
    dysalbuminemic hyperzincemia    tick-borne encephalitis    spinal cord injury    intestinal pseudo-obstruction
    porphyria cutanea tarda    immune-complex glomerulonephritis    steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome    hydrops fetalis

    20/68 diseases from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for ALB (see all 68):
    Diabetes mellitus     Proteinuria     Liver disease     Kidney failure
    Hypertension     Nephrotic syndrome     Lung disease     Nephritis
    protein-energy malnutrition     Peritonitis     protein-losing enteropathy     Hepatocellular carcinoma
    Heart disease     Anemia     Kernicterus     Hepatitis B
    Bilirubin metabolic disorder     Cerebrovascular accident     Hypersensitivity reaction type II disease     Peripheral vascular disease

    10/96 Novoseek disease relationships for ALB gene (see all 96)    About this table

    Disease   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    microalbuminuria 94.9 1034 7634745 (5), 9759691 (5), 15717883 (5), 12788992 (4) (see all 99)
    albuminuria 92.5 360 16703327 (5), 17405790 (5), 10489399 (4), 9179466 (4) (see all 99)
    hypoalbuminemia 90.4 275 1569418 (4), 19615208 (4), 9397418 (4), 10428270 (3) (see all 99)
    diabetic nephropathies 89.2 362 1881577 (4), 8264568 (3), 11131103 (3), 10198605 (3) (see all 99)
    renal disease 87 640 8163055 (4), 8593760 (4), 19729498 (3), 17928473 (3) (see all 99)
    proteinuria 86.2 625 12521234 (5), 9915226 (5), 16425574 (5), 1831839 (5) (see all 99)
    malnutrition 86 406 17957127 (4), 19218044 (4), 11592443 (3), 17321950 (3) (see all 99)
    renal failure chronic 80.6 103 2082760 (2), 1951474 (2), 9101098 (2), 1282889 (1) (see all 98)
    nephrotic syndrome 79.7 186 2082057 (6), 8502517 (5), 1379421 (3), 15481604 (3) (see all 99)
    protein-energy malnutrition 76.8 30 10219494 (2), 15695952 (2), 9106105 (1), 10433138 (1) (see all 24)

    Genetic Association Database (GAD): ALB
    Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: ALB (17 documents)

    Export disorders for ALB gene to outside databases

    Publications
    for ALB gene

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Entrez Gene, 2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 3HGNC, 4GAD, 5PharmGKB, 6HMDB, 7DrugBank, 8UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 9 Novoseek, and/or 10fRNAdb)
    About This Section

    PubMed articles for ALB gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 8810):
    (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with ALB)    		    Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
    world of online information

    1. Crystal structures of human serum albumin complexed with monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. (PubMed id 11743713)1, 2, 7 Petitpas I.... Curry S. (2001)
    2. Identification of a human serum albumin species associated with familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia. (PubMed id 7852505)1, 2, 9 Rushbrook J.I.... Divino C.M. (1995)
    3. [The interaction of vitamin B6 with the human serum albumin] (PubMed id 16201370)1, 7, 9 Wang J.L....Song Z.F. (2005)
    4. A nucleotide insertion and frameshift cause albumin Kenitra, an extended and O-glycosylated mutant of human serum albumin with two additional disulfide bridges. (PubMed id 11168369)1, 2, 9 Minchiotti L....Galliano M. (2001)
    5. Crystal structure of human serum albumin at 2.5-A resolution. (PubMed id 10388840)1, 2, 9 Sugio S.... Kobayashi K. (1999)
    6. Protein and DNA sequence analysis of a 'private' genetic variant: albumin Ortonovo (Glu-505-->Lys). (PubMed id 7902134)1, 2, 9 Galliano M.... Putnam F.W. (1993)
    7. Two alloalbumins with identical electrophoretic mobility are produced by differently charged amino acid substitutions. (PubMed id 1347703)1, 2, 9 Minchiotti L.... Porta F. (1992)
    8. Genetic variants of serum albumin in Americans and Japanese. (PubMed id 1946412)1, 2, 9 Madison J.... Putnam F.W. (1991)
    9. Allostery in a monomeric protein: the case of human s erum albumin. (PubMed id 20346571)1, 7 Ascenzi P. and Fasano M. (2010)
    10. The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)1, 2 Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)

    External Searches for ALB gene

    (in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
    About This Section
     ANDOR
    Aliases
    Disorders
    Free Text  
      Query String
    		PubMed
    OMIM
    NCBI Bookshelf
      (Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

    Genome Databases showing ALB gene

    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
    About This Section
    Entrez Gene: 213 HGNC: 399 AceView: ALB Ensembl:ENSG00000163631 euGenes: HUgn213
    ECgene: ALB H-InvDB: ALB

    Other Databases showing ALB gene

    (According to HUGE)
    About This Section
    		   --

    Specialized Databases showing ALB gene

    (According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
    Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
    About This Section
    NameDescription
    PharmGKB entry for ALB Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
    Albumin Websitehttp://www.albumin.org
    Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serum_albumin
    GeneReviewshttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/GeneTests/lab/gene/ALB
    SeattleSNPshttp://pga.gs.washington.edu/data/alb/

    Intellectual Property
    for ALB gene

    (Patent information from GeneIP,
    Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts,
    IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)
    About This Section
    		Patent Information for ALB gene:
    Search GeneIP for patents involving ALB

    GeneCards and IP:
    Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     Improving the IP Search



    Products
    for ALB gene

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    About This Section

     
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