AKT2 Gene
protein-coding GIFtS: 77
GCID: GC19M040736
|
|
v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 2
| |
Aliases
for AKT2 gene
(According to
1HGNC,
2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot,
4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc,
7Ensembl,
8DME,
9miRBase,
and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section
|
| Aliases |
|---|
| V-Akt Murine Thymoma Viral Oncogene Homolog 21 2 | | PKBBETA2 | | Protein Kinase Akt-22 3 | | PRKBB2 | | Protein Kinase B Beta2 3 | | RAC-BETA2 | | RAC-PK-Beta1 | | Murine Thymoma Viral (V-Akt) Homolog-22 | | PKB Beta2 3 | | Rac Protein Kinase Beta2 | | EC 2.7.11.13 8 | | RAC-Beta Serine/Threonine-Protein Kinase2 | | HIHGHH2 | | EC 2.7.118 | | PKBB2 | | |
Export aliases for AKT2 gene to outside databasesPrevious GC identifers: GC19M041377 GC19M041129 GC19M045414 GC19M045431 GC19M045430 GC19M037171 |
Summaries
for AKT2 gene(According to Entrez Gene,
Tocris Bioscience,
Wikipedia's
Gene Wiki,
PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot,
and/or
UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section
|
Entrez Gene summary for AKT2:
This gene is a putative oncogene encoding a protein belonging to a subfamily of serine/threonine kinases containingSH2-like (Src homology 2-like) domains. The gene was shown to be amplified and overexpressed in 2 of 8 ovariancarcinoma cell lines and 2 of 15 primary ovarian tumors. Overexpression contributes to the malignant phenotype of asubset of human ductal pancreatic cancers. The encoded protein is a general protein kinase capable of phophorylatingseveral known proteins. (provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008)
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: AKT2_HUMAN, P31751Function: AKT2 is one of 3 closely related serine/threonine-protein kinases (AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3) called the AKTkinase, and which regulate many processes including metabolism, proliferation, cell survival, growth and angiogenesis.This is mediated through serine and/or threonine phosphorylation of a range of downstream substrates. Over 100substrate candidates have been reported so far, but for most of them, no isoform specificity has been reported. AKT isresponsible of the regulation of glucose uptake by mediating insulin-induced translocation of the SLC2A4/GLUT4 glucosetransporter to the cell surface. Phosphorylation of PTPN1 at 'Ser-50' negatively modulates its phosphatase activitypreventing dephosphorylation of the insulin receptor and the attenuation of insulin signaling. Phosphorylation ofTBC1D4 triggers the binding of this effector to inhibitory 14-3-3 proteins, which is required for insulin-stimulatedglucose transport. AKT regulates also the storage of glucose in the form of glycogen by phosphorylating GSK3A at'Ser-21' and GSK3B at 'Ser-9', resulting in inhibition of its kinase activity. Phosphorylation of GSK3 isoforms by AKTis also thought to be one mechanism by which cell proliferation is driven. AKT regulates also cell survival via thephosphorylation of MAP3K5 (apoptosis signal-related kinase). Phosphorylation of 'Ser-83' decreases MAP3K5 kinaseactivity stimulated by oxidative stress and thereby prevents apoptosis. AKT mediates insulin-stimulated proteinsynthesis by phosphorylating TSC2 at 'Ser-939' and 'Thr-1462', thereby activating mTORC1 signaling and leading to bothphosphorylation of 4E-BP1 and in activation of RPS6KB1. AKT is involved in the phosphorylation of members of the FOXOfactors (Forkhead family of transcription factors), leading to binding of 14-3-3 proteins and cytoplasmiclocalization. In particular, FOXO1 is phosphorylated at 'Thr-24', 'Ser-256' and 'Ser-319'. FOXO3 and FOXO4 arephosphorylated on equivalent sites. AKT has an important role in the regulation of NF-kappa-B-dependent genetranscription and positively regulates the activity of CREB1 (cyclic AMP (cAMP)-response element binding protein). Thephosphorylation of CREB1 induces the binding of accessory proteins that are necessary for the transcription ofpro-survival genes such as BCL2 and MCL1. AKT phosphorylates 'Ser-454' on ATP citrate lyase (ACLY), therebypotentially regulating ACLY activity and fatty acid synthesis. Activates the 3B isoform of cyclic nucleotidephosphodiesterase (PDE3B) via phosphorylation of 'Ser-273', resulting in reduced cyclic AMP levels and inhibition oflipolysis. Phosphorylates PIKFYVE on 'Ser-318', which results in increased PI(3)P-5 activity. The RhoGTPase-activating protein DLC1 is another substrate and its phosphorylation is implicated in the regulation cellproliferation and cell growth. AKT plays a role as key modulator of the AKT-mTOR signaling pathway controlling thetempo of the process of newborn neurons integration during adult neurogenesis, including correct neuron positioning,dendritic development and synapse formation. Signals downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI(3)K) to mediatethe effects of various growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF),insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). AKT mediates the antiapoptotic effects of IGF-I. Essential for theSPATA13-mediated regulation of cell migration and adhesion assembly and disassembly. May be involved in the regulationof the placental developmentFunction: One of the few specific substrates of AKT2 identified recently is PITX2. Phosphorylation of PITX2 impairs itsassociation with the CCND1 mRNA-stabilizing complex thus shortening the half-life of CCND1. AKT2 seems also to be theprincipal isoform responsible of the regulation of glucose uptake. Phosphorylates C2CD5 on 'Ser-197' duringinsulin-stimulated adipocytes. AKT2 is also specifically involved in skeletal muscle differentiation. Down-regulationby RNA interference reduces the expression of the phosphorylated form of BAD, resulting in the induction ofcaspase-dependent apoptosis. Phosphorylates CLK2 on 'Thr-343'
 summary
for AKT2: Akt (Protein kinase B, PKB) is a serine/threonine kinase that plays a key in regulating cell survival,
insulin signaling, angiogenesis and tumor formation. Akt is a downstream mediator of the PI 3-K pathway,
resulting in the recruitment of Akt to the plasma membrane via the PH (plexstrin homology domain) of Akt.
Akt is fully activated by phosphorylation at two key sites: Ser308 (phosphorylated by PDK1) and Thr478
(phosphorylated by mTOR and DNA-PK). Akt can then phosphorylated a wide range of substrates including
transcription factors (e.g. FOXO1), kinases (GSK-3, Raf-1, ASK, Chk1) and other proteins with important
signaling roles (e.g. Bad, MDM2). There are three isoforms of Akt; Akt 1, 2 and 3 (also known as PKBalpha,
beta and gamma).
Gene Wiki entry for AKT2
|
Genomic Views
for AKT2 gene
(According to
GeneLoc and/or
HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to
UCSC (hg19) and
Ensembl (release 69),
Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to
QIAGEN,
SABiosciences, and/or
SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
| RefSeq DNA sequence:- NC_000019.9 NC_018930.1 NT_011109.16
Regulatory elements:
 SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the AKT2 gene promoter:
c-Fos AP-1 ATF-2 p300 CREB deltaCREB STAT3 c-Jun
Other transcription factors
Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for AKT2
Epigenetics:
| | QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat AKT2 |
Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 19q13.1-q13.2 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 19q13.2 HGNC cytogenetic band: 19q13.1-q13.2AKT2 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to
 (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
GeneLoc information about chromosome 19 GeneLoc Exon Structure GeneLoc location for GC19M040736: view genomic region
(about GC identifiers)
Start:
|
40,736,224 bp from pter |
End:
|
40,791,443 bp from pter |
Size:
|
55,220 bases |
Orientation:
|
minus strand |
|
Proteins
for AKT2 gene
(According to
1UniProtKB,
HORDE,
neXtProt,
Ensembl,
and/or Reactome,
Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus,
Specific Peptides from DME,
Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb,
RefSeq according to NCBI,
PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia,
Recombinant Proteins
from
EMD Millipore,
R&D Systems,
GenScript,
Enzo Life Sciences,
OriGene,
Novus Biologicals,
Sino Biological,
ProSpec, and/or
Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by
EMD Millipore,
R&D Systems,
OriGene,
GenScript,
Cell Signaling Technology,
Enzo Life Sciences, and/or
Uscn,
Ontologies according to Gene
Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and
Entrez Gene,
Antibodies by
EMD Millipore,
R&D Systems,
GenScript,
Cell Signaling Technology,
OriGene,
Novus Biologicals,
Thermo Fisher Scientific,
Abcam, and/or
Uscn)
About This Section
|
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: AKT2_HUMAN, P31751 (See
protein sequence)Recommended Name: RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase Size: 481 amino acids; 55769 Da
Subunit: Interacts (via PH domain) with MTCP1, TCL1A AND TCL1B. Interacts with CLK2, PBH2 and TRAF6
Subcellular location: Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Note=Localizes within bothnucleus and cytoplasm of proliferative primary myoblasts and mostly within the nucleus of differentiated primarymyoblasts. By virtue of the N-terminal PH domain, is recruited to sites of the plasma membrane containing increasedPI(3,4,5)P3 or PI(3,4)P2
Caution: In light of strong homologies in the primary amino acid sequence, the 3 AKT kinases were long surmised to playredundant and overlapping roles. More recent studies has brought into question the redundancy within AKT kinaseisoforms and instead pointed to isoform specific functions in different cellular events and diseases. AKT1 is morespecifically involved in cellular survival pathways, by inhibiting apoptotic processes; whereas AKT2 is more specificfor the insulin receptor signaling pathway. Moreover, while AKT1 and AKT2 are often implicated in many aspects ofcellular transformation, the 2 isoforms act in a complementary opposing manner. The role of AKT3 is less clear, thoughit appears to be predominantly expressed in brain
6/17 PDB 3D structures from  and Proteopedia  for AKT2 (see all 17):1GZK (3D)
1GZN (3D)
1GZO (3D)
1MRV (3D)
1MRY (3D)
1O6K (3D)
Secondary accessions: B2RBD8 Q0VAN1 Q68GC0Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for AKT2: NX_P31751
Post-translational modifications:
Phosphorylation on Thr-309 and Ser-474 is required for full activity1
Ubiquitinated; undergoes both 'Lys-48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination. TRAF6-induced 'Lys-63'-linked AKT2ubiquitination. When fully phosphorylated and translocated into the nucleus, undergoes 'Lys-48'-polyubiquitinationcatalyzed by TTC3, leading to its degradation by the proteasome1
O-GlcNAcylation at Thr-306 and Thr-313 inhibits activating phosphorylation at Thr-309 via disrupting the interactionbetween AKT and PDK1 (By similarity)1
View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus2View neXtProt modification sites for NX_P31751
4/33 DME Specific Peptides for AKT2 (P31751) (see all 33)
AKT2 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb: About this image 
REFSEQ proteins (3 alternative transcripts):
NP_001229956.1 NP_001229957.1 NP_001617.1
ENSEMBL proteins: ENSP00000375892 ENSP00000375719 ENSP00000463368 ENSP00000462469 ENSP00000309428 ENSP00000463262 ENSP00000462919 ENSP00000462776 ENSP00000463086 ENSP00000396968 ENSP00000463686 ENSP00000404083 ENSP00000375891 ENSP00000407999 ENSP00000462022 ENSP00000403842 ENSP00000351095 ENSP00000396532 ENSP00000462715 ENSP00000463806 ENSP00000392458 ENSP00000403890 ENSP00000399532 Reactome Protein details: P31751
Human Recombinant Protein Products:
Gene Ontology (GO): 5/12 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 12): About this table
AKT2 for ontologies About GeneDecksing
AKT2 Antibody Products:
Assay Products for AKT2: |
Protein
Domains /
Families
for AKT2 gene(According to InterPro, ProtoNet,
UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS,
Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section
|
AKT2 for domains About GeneDecksing
5/9 InterPro domains/families (see all 9):Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P31751ProtoNet protein and cluster: P31751 2 Blocks protein families: IPB000961 Protein kinase C-terminal domain IPB001849 Pleckstrin-like
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: AKT2_HUMAN, P31751Domain: Binding of the PH domain to phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P3) followingphosphatidylinositol 3-kinase alpha (PIK3CA) activity results in its targeting to the plasma membraneSimilarity: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. RAC subfamilySimilarity: Contains 1 AGC-kinase C-terminal domainSimilarity: Contains 1 PH domainSimilarity: Contains 1 protein kinase domain |
Function
for AKT2 gene
(According to 1UniProtKB,
Genatlas,
LifeMap Discovery™,
IUBMB, and/or
2DME,
Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi,
Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
bound targets from SABiosciences,
miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase
shRNA from
OriGene,
RNAi from
EMD Millipore,
siRNAs from
OriGene,
QIAGEN,
microRNA from QIAGEN,
Gene Editing from DNA2.0,
Clones from EMD Millipore,
OriGene,
SwitchGear Genomics,
GenScript,
Sino Biological,
DNA2.0,
and Vector BioLabs,
Cell Lines from GenScript,
LifeMap BioReagents,
In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics,
Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via
Entrez Gene.)
About This Section
|
Function Summary:
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: AKT2_HUMAN, P31751Function: AKT2 is one of 3 closely related serine/threonine-protein kinases (AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3) called the AKTkinase, and which regulate many processes including metabolism, proliferation, cell survival, growth and angiogenesis.This is mediated through serine and/or threonine phosphorylation of a range of downstream substrates. Over 100substrate candidates have been reported so far, but for most of them, no isoform specificity has been reported. AKT isresponsible of the regulation of glucose uptake by mediating insulin-induced translocation of the SLC2A4/GLUT4 glucosetransporter to the cell surface. Phosphorylation of PTPN1 at 'Ser-50' negatively modulates its phosphatase activitypreventing dephosphorylation of the insulin receptor and the attenuation of insulin signaling. Phosphorylation ofTBC1D4 triggers the binding of this effector to inhibitory 14-3-3 proteins, which is required for insulin-stimulatedglucose transport. AKT regulates also the storage of glucose in the form of glycogen by phosphorylating GSK3A at'Ser-21' and GSK3B at 'Ser-9', resulting in inhibition of its kinase activity. Phosphorylation of GSK3 isoforms by AKTis also thought to be one mechanism by which cell proliferation is driven. AKT regulates also cell survival via thephosphorylation of MAP3K5 (apoptosis signal-related kinase). Phosphorylation of 'Ser-83' decreases MAP3K5 kinaseactivity stimulated by oxidative stress and thereby prevents apoptosis. AKT mediates insulin-stimulated proteinsynthesis by phosphorylating TSC2 at 'Ser-939' and 'Thr-1462', thereby activating mTORC1 signaling and leading to bothphosphorylation of 4E-BP1 and in activation of RPS6KB1. AKT is involved in the phosphorylation of members of the FOXOfactors (Forkhead family of transcription factors), leading to binding of 14-3-3 proteins and cytoplasmiclocalization. In particular, FOXO1 is phosphorylated at 'Thr-24', 'Ser-256' and 'Ser-319'. FOXO3 and FOXO4 arephosphorylated on equivalent sites. AKT has an important role in the regulation of NF-kappa-B-dependent genetranscription and positively regulates the activity of CREB1 (cyclic AMP (cAMP)-response element binding protein). Thephosphorylation of CREB1 induces the binding of accessory proteins that are necessary for the transcription ofpro-survival genes such as BCL2 and MCL1. AKT phosphorylates 'Ser-454' on ATP citrate lyase (ACLY), therebypotentially regulating ACLY activity and fatty acid synthesis. Activates the 3B isoform of cyclic nucleotidephosphodiesterase (PDE3B) via phosphorylation of 'Ser-273', resulting in reduced cyclic AMP levels and inhibition oflipolysis. Phosphorylates PIKFYVE on 'Ser-318', which results in increased PI(3)P-5 activity. The RhoGTPase-activating protein DLC1 is another substrate and its phosphorylation is implicated in the regulation cellproliferation and cell growth. AKT plays a role as key modulator of the AKT-mTOR signaling pathway controlling thetempo of the process of newborn neurons integration during adult neurogenesis, including correct neuron positioning,dendritic development and synapse formation. Signals downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI(3)K) to mediatethe effects of various growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF),insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). AKT mediates the antiapoptotic effects of IGF-I. Essential for theSPATA13-mediated regulation of cell migration and adhesion assembly and disassembly. May be involved in the regulationof the placental developmentFunction: One of the few specific substrates of AKT2 identified recently is PITX2. Phosphorylation of PITX2 impairs itsassociation with the CCND1 mRNA-stabilizing complex thus shortening the half-life of CCND1. AKT2 seems also to be theprincipal isoform responsible of the regulation of glucose uptake. Phosphorylates C2CD5 on 'Ser-197' duringinsulin-stimulated adipocytes. AKT2 is also specifically involved in skeletal muscle differentiation. Down-regulationby RNA interference reduces the expression of the phosphorylated form of BAD, resulting in the induction ofcaspase-dependent apoptosis. Phosphorylates CLK2 on 'Thr-343'Catalytic activity: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoproteinEnzyme regulation: Two specific sites, one in the kinase domain (Thr-309) and the other in the C-terminal regulatoryregion (Ser-474), need to be phosphorylated for its full activation. Aminofurazans are potent AKT2 inhibitorsBiophysicochemical properties: Kinetic parameters: KM=358.4 uM for ATP (for purified and in vitro activated AKT2);KM=3.4 uM for peptide substrate (for purified and in vitro activated AKT2); KM=564 uM for ATP (for recombinantmyristoylated AKT2 expressed and immunoprecipitated from Rat-1 cells); KM=2.3 uM for peptide substrate (forrecombinant myristoylated AKT2 expressed and immunoprecipitated from Rat-1 cells); Genatlas biochemistry entry for AKT2:V-akt murine thymoma viral oncogen homolog 2,general mediator of cell survival induced by insulin growth factor 1,AKT2and others,activated by phosphatidylinositol 3-
Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB): EC 2.7.11.11 2 EC 2.7.112
Inhib. RNA
Products: |  | EMD Millipore RNAi Products for the Analysis of AKT2 Gene knock-down | |  | OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for AKT2 (see all 7)
OriGene shRNA RFP: AKT2
OriGene siRNA: AKT2
| | | QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat AKT2 |
Clone
Products: | | Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from EMD Millipore | | | OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for AKT2 (see all 4)
OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for AKT2 (see all 2)
OriGene custom cloning services – gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis,
variant library, vector shuttling 
| |  | GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector: AKT2 (NM_001626) | |  | Browse Sino Biological Human cDNA Clones | |  | DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene
Synthesis Service for AKT2 | |  | Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat AKT2 |
In Situ Assay
Products: |
 | Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for AKT2 |
Gene Ontology (GO): 5/7 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 7): About this table
AKT2 for ontologies About GeneDecksing
5 GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for AKT2:
Animal Models:
Mouse knock-outs for AKT2: Akt2tm1Rsg Akt2tm1Hem Akt2tm1.1Mbb
15/18 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 5 alleles ) (MGI details for Akt2) (see all 18):
AKT2 for phenotypes About GeneDecksing
|
Pathways & Interactions
for AKT2 gene
(Pathways according to
EMD Millipore,
R&D Systems,
Cell Signaling Technology,
KEGG,
PharmGKB,
BioSystems,
Reactome,
Tocris Bioscience,
GeneGo (Thomson Reuters),
QIAGEN,
and/or UniProtKB,
Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks,
Interaction Networks according to
SABiosciences,
and/or STRING,
Interactions according to 1UniProtKB,
2MINT,
3I2D, and/or
4STRING,
with links to IntAct and
Ensembl,
Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via
Entrez Gene).
About This Section
|
Unified GeneCards pathways - 5/131 super-pathways (see all 131) About this table
See pathways by source
| Super-pathway | contained gene-specific pathways |
|---|
| 1 | Development_CNTF receptor signaling | | | 2 | Development HGF signaling pathway | | | 3 | Signaling by FGFR | | | 4 | IL-9 Signaling Pathways | | | 5 | PIP3 activates AKT signaling | |
Pathway sources
See GeneCards unified pathways
Show all pathways
5/66 EMD Millipore Pathways for AKT2 (see all 66)
5/9  R&D Systems Pathways for AKT2 (see all 9)
5/35 Downloadable PowerPoint Slides of QIAGEN Pathway Central Maps for AKT2 (see all 35)
2 
Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Pathways for AKT2
5/8 Tocris Bioscience Pathways for AKT2 (see all 8)
5/69  GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) Pathways for AKT2 (see all 69)
5/18  BioSystems Pathways for AKT2 (see all 18)
5/69 
Reactome Pathways for AKT2 (see all 69)
2  PharmGKB Pathways for AKT2
5/39 
Kegg Pathways (Kegg details for AKT2) (see all 39):
AKT2 for pathways About GeneDecksing
Interactions:
SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for AKT2
STRING Interaction
Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 25)
5/133 Interacting proteins for AKT2 (P317511, 2, 3 ENSP000003758924) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 133)About this table
Gene Ontology (GO): 5/47 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 47): About this table | GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|
| GO:0001934 | positive regulation of protein phosphorylation |
ISS | -- | | GO:0005978 | glycogen biosynthetic process |
IEA | -- | | GO:0006006 | glucose metabolic process |
IEA | -- | | GO:0006417 | regulation of translation |
IEA | -- | | GO:0006464 | cellular protein modification process |
TAS | 1409633 |
AKT2 for ontologies About GeneDecksing
|
Drugs & Compounds
for AKT2 gene(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences,
EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience
HMDB,
BitterDB, and/or
Novoseek, and Drugs according to
DrugBank,
Enzo Life Sciences, and/or
PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news
search links to CenterWatch)
About This Section
|
AKT2 for compounds About GeneDecksing
Compounds for AKT2 available from Tocris Bioscience About this table
| Compound | Action |
CAS
# |
|---|
| 10-DEBC hydrochloride | Selective Akt/PKB inhibitor | [201788-90-1] | | API-2 | Selective inhibitor of Akt/PKB signaling. Antitumor and antiviral | [35943-35-2] | | GSK 690693 | Akt kinase inhibitor. Antitumor | [937174-76-0] | | FPA 124 | Akt/PKB inhibitor | [902779-59-3] |
2 HMDB Compounds for AKT2 About this table
4 DrugBank Compounds for AKT2 About this table
10/16 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for AKT2 gene (see all 16) About this table
| Compound |
-log (P-Val) |
Hits |
PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences) |
| phosphatidylinositol |
76.9 |
30 |
9679957 (3), 12048203 (2), 15082758 (1), 16095999 (1) (see all 18) |
| ly294002 |
68.4 |
3 |
17849421 (1), 18171600 (1) |
| threonine |
67.1 |
14 |
1409633 (3), 19861406 (1), 7566964 (1), 19270695 (1) (see all 11) |
| serine |
56.9 |
13 |
17804734 (2), 19861406 (1), 19270695 (1), 17311912 (1) (see all 10) |
| rapamycin |
52.8 |
5 |
17908691 (3), 15713898 (1) |
| wortmannin |
51.1 |
6 |
9679957 (2), 9712142 (2), 11507039 (1) |
| glycogen |
42.8 |
7 |
9712142 (2), 10446150 (1), 17021050 (1) |
| cisplatin |
26.6 |
26 |
15350374 (3), 12697749 (3), 14612499 (2), 18788627 (2) (see all 6) |
| paclitaxel |
24.8 |
11 |
17332325 (2), 18842333 (2), 20407875 (2), 10769688 (1) (see all 5) |
| glucose |
23.6 |
23 |
20203102 (3), 17021050 (3), 17576055 (1), 18972094 (1) (see all 14) |
Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about AKT2
|
Transcripts
for AKT2 gene(Secondary structures according to
fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene
(Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or
AceView,
transcript ids from Ensembl
with links to UCSC,
exon structure from GeneLoc,
alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or
ECgene,
RNAi Products from
EMD Millipore,
siRNAs from
OriGene,
QIAGEN,
shRNA from
OriGene,
microRNA from QIAGEN,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from
OriGene,
SwitchGear Genomics,
GenScript,
DNA2.0,
Vector BioLabs,
Primers from
OriGene,
SABiosciences, and/or
QIAGEN
)
About This Section
|
REFSEQ mRNAs for AKT2 gene (3 alternative transcripts): NM_001243027.1 NM_001243028.1 NM_001626.4 Unigene Cluster for AKT2: V-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 2 Hs.631535 [show with all ESTs]Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_00162618/40 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant (see all 40): ENST00000392038(uc002one.3 uc010egs.3 uc002onf.3 uc010xvj.2 uc010egt.3)
ENST00000483166 ENST00000476266 ENST00000489375 ENST00000391844 ENST00000496089
ENST00000476247 ENST00000584288 ENST00000311278 ENST00000497948 ENST00000579047(uc010egu.2)
ENST00000578615 ENST00000391845 ENST00000486647 ENST00000578282 ENST00000579345
ENST00000480878 ENST00000580878
Inhib. RNA
Products: | | EMD Millipore RNAi Products for the Analysis of AKT2 Gene knock-down | | | OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for AKT2 (see all 7)
OriGene shRNA RFP: AKT2
OriGene siRNA: AKT2
| | | QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat AKT2 |
Clone
Products: | | OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for AKT2 (see all 4)
OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for AKT2 (see all 2)
OriGene custom cloning services – gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis,
variant library, vector shuttling
| | | GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector: AKT2 (NM_001626) | | | DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene
Synthesis Service for AKT2 | | | Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat AKT2 |
Additional cDNA sequence: AK054771.1 AK055779.1 AK098099.1 AK122839.1 AK294453.1 AK304209.1 AK308006.1 AK308906.1 AK314619.1 BC022779.1 BC032709.1 BC040028.1 BC063421.1 BC120994.1 BC120995.1 BC127856.1 M77198.1 M95936.1 24/39 DOTS entries (see all 39): DT.100800195 DT.97860143 DT.100800189 DT.118043 DT.95258547 DT.95314444 DT.86841526 DT.100800196 DT.87015983 DT.95233305 DT.121643439 DT.95258561 DT.91854020 DT.121409985 DT.102843087 DT.95258562 DT.121410002 DT.95251898 DT.100800199 DT.100800200 DT.121409952 DT.121409961 DT.86839008 DT.91784301 24/376 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 376): BQ185039 BX488600 AI473277 BX644518 CA448265 BM849457 AW772279 BQ219902 AI369699 CK724891 AA340807 AI936721 BM456290 BF733046 AA808235 AA464960 AI675180 AA530975 AI028103 AW630881 AI283491 AI467790 BE646364 AI093133
GeneLoc Exon Structure
5/16 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for AKT2 (see all 16) About this scheme
| ExUns: | 1a | · | 1b | ^ | 2 | ^ | 3 | ^ | 4 | ^ | 5 | ^ | 6 | ^ | 7 | ^ | 8 | ^ | 9 | ^ | 10a | · | 10b | · | 10c | ^ | 11a | · | 11b | ^ | 12a | · | 12b | · | 12c | · | 12d | ^ | 13 | ^ | 14a | · | 14b | ^ | 15a | · | 15b | ^ | 16 | ^ | 17 | ^ |
|---|
|
| SP1: | | | | | - | | - | | - | | - | | - | | - | | - | | - | | - | | - | | - | | - | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - | | - | | | | |
| SP2: | | | | | - | | - | | - | | - | | - | | - | | - | | - | | - | | - | | - | | - | | - | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - | | - | | | | |
| SP3: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - | | - | | - | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - | | - | | | | |
| SP4: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| SP5: | | | | | | | | | | | - | | - | | - | | - | | - | | - | | - | | - | | - | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| ExUns: | 18a | · | 18b | ^ | 19 | ^ | 20a | · | 20b | · | 20c | ^ | 21 | ^ | 22 | ^ | 23a | · | 23b | ^ | 24a | · | 24b | · | 24c | ^ | 25 |
|---|
|
| SP1: | - | | | | | | - | | | | - | | | | | | - | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| SP2: | - | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| SP3: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| SP4: | - | | | | | | - | | | | - | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| SP5: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for AKT2
|
Expression
for AKT2 gene
(RNA expression data according to
H-InvDB,
NONCODE,
miRBase, and
RNAdb,
Expression images according to data from
BioGPS,
Illumina Human BodyMap, and
CGAP
SAGE,
Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks,
in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™,
plus additional links to
Genevestigator, and/or
SOURCE, and/or
BioGPS, and/or
UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from
SABiosciences,
Primers from
OriGene,
SABiosciences, and/or
QIAGEN,
In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
About This Section
| AKT2 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS
CGAP TAG: GCAGGGTGGG
About this image
See AKT2 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
Genevestigator expression for AKT2
SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.631535
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: AKT2_HUMAN, P31751Tissue specificity: Expressed in all cell types so far analyzed
SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Arrays including AKT2 (see all 9):
Primer
Products: | | OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for AKT2
Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
| | | SABiosciences RT2 qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat AKT2 | | | QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat AKT2 | | | QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat AKT2 | In Situ
Assay Products: |
| Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for AKT2 |
Orthologs
for AKT2 gene
(Orthologs according to
1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version),
3euGenes,
4SGD
,
5MGI Mar 06 2013,
with possible further links to
Flybase
and/or
WormBase,
and/or
6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara ,
Gene Trees according to Ensembl and
TreeFam)
About This Section
|
This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.
Orthologs for AKT2 gene from 5/24 species (see all 24) About this table
| Organism |
Taxonomic
classification |
Gene |
Description |
Human
Similarity |
Orthology
Type |
Details |
lizard
(Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia |
AKT26 |
-- |
93(a) |
1 ↔ 1 |
LGf(2296225-2311318) |
African clawed frog
(Xenopus laevis) |
Amphibia |
BC046261.12 |
-- |
74.76(n) |
|
BC046261.1 |
zebrafish
(Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii |
Dr.113932 |
Danio rerio mRNA similar to v-akt murine thymoma viral more |
78.53(n) |
|
BC046892.1 |
fruit fly
(Drosophila melanogaster) |
Insecta |
Akt13 |
anti-apoptosis protein serine/threonine
kinase |
61(a) |
|
89B6 -- |
worm
(Caenorhabditis elegans) |
Secernentea |
akt-13 |
PH (pleckstrin homology) domain, Protein
kinase more |
53(a)
(best of 2) |
|
V(10251544-10255039) -- |
ENSEMBL Gene Tree for AKT2 (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for AKT2 (if available) |
Paralogs
for AKT2 gene(Paralogs according to
1HomoloGene,
2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
About This Section
| Paralogs for AKT2 gene
- AKT12 RPS6KA62 RPS6KB12 SGK32 SGK22 RPS6KA12 AKT32 RPS6KA52
- RPS6KA42 SGK12 RPS6KB22 RPS6KA22 RPS6KA32
18/107 SIMAP similar genes for AKT2 using alignment to 26 protein entries: AKT2_HUMAN (see all proteins)
(see all similar genes):AKT1 AKT3 STK38L PKN2 PRKCH PHKG2
MARK4 PKN1 SGK2 KIN27 PRKCD PRKCI
RPS6KA5 PRKACB NUAK1 PRKCE PRKCZ DKFZp781N0293
AKT2 for paralogs About GeneDecksing
|
Genomic Variants
for AKT2 gene(SNPs/Variants according to the
1NCBI SNP Database,
2Ensembl,
3PupaSUITE,
UniProtKB, and
DNA2.0,
Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap,
Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene
Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation
Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT,
Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN,
Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
About This Section
|
| Genomic Data | Transcription Related Data | Allele Frequencies | | SNP ID | Valid | Clinical
significance | Chr 19 pos | Sequence | # | AA
Chg | Type | More | # | Allele
freq | Pop | Total
sample | More |
|---|
HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for AKT2 (40736224 - 40791443 bp)
Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 10 variations for AKT2
10 CNVs: 89233 78191 89232 4080 78187 78188 89234 78190 78189 89231
Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): AKT2
| SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays |
| 2 SABiosciences qBiomarker Copy Number PCR Arrays containing AKT2: |
| | QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing AKT2 |
|
Disorders
/ Diseases
for AKT2 gene
(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards,
OMIM, UniProtKB,
the University of Copenhagen DISEASES
database, Novoseek,
Genatlas, GeneTests,
GAD,
HuGE Navigator,
and/or TGDB.)
About This Section
|
AKT2 for disorders About GeneDecksing
OMIM gene information: 164731
OMIM disorders: 125853
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: AKT2_HUMAN, P31751
Note=Defects in AKT2 are a cause of susceptibility to breast cancer (BC). AKT2 promotes metastasis of tumorcells without affecting the latency of tumor development. With AKT3, plays also a pivotal role in the biology ofglioblastoma Defects in AKT2 are a cause of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) [MIM:125853]; also known asdiabetes mellitus type 2 or maturity-onset diabetes. NIDDM is characterized by an autosomal dominant mode ofinheritance, onset during adulthood and insulin resistance Defects in AKT2 are a cause of hypoinsulinemic hypoglycemia with hemihypertrophy (HIHGHH) [MIM:240900]. HIHGHHis a disorder characterized by hypoglycemia, low insulin levels, low serum levels of ketone bodies and branched-chainamino acids, left-sided hemihypertrophy, neonatal macrosomia, reduced consciousness and hypoglycemic seizures
20/69  diseases for AKT2 (see all 69): About MalaCardsovarian carcinoma thymoma von hippel-lindau disease pancreatic cancer
carcinoma peutz-jeghers syndrome pancreatitis carney complex
multiple endocrine neoplasia b-cell lymphomas polycystic ovary syndrome insulin resistance
oral squamous cell carcinoma estrogen resistance squamous cell carcinoma myeloid leukemia
pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cowden disease lipodystrophy papillary thyroid carcinoma
1 disease from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for AKT2:Cancer 10/22 Novoseek disease relationships for AKT2 gene (see all 22) About this table
| Disease |
-log (P-Val) |
Hits |
PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences) |
| ovarian cancer |
64.1 |
30 |
10822383 (6), 18842333 (2), 7657393 (2), 12144681 (1) (see all 15) |
| pancreatic cancer |
50.7 |
15 |
8780719 (3), 8622988 (1), 10490823 (1), 9190895 (1) (see all 10) |
| ovarian carcinoma |
45.8 |
13 |
1409633 (4), 7657393 (3), 9712142 (1), 8646743 (1) (see all 5) |
| cancer |
42.8 |
32 |
17047397 (2), 20409325 (2), 18353613 (2), 10594016 (2) (see all 21) |
| tumors |
42.6 |
45 |
17804734 (4), 10822383 (2), 14654898 (2), 16721043 (2) (see all 26) |
| insulin resistance |
38.4 |
9 |
17327441 (2), 17576055 (2), 15166380 (1), 15910615 (1) (see all 6) |
| breast cancer |
37.1 |
17 |
17332325 (3), 18353613 (3), 7657393 (2), 16088978 (1) (see all 10) |
| breast carcinoma |
35.6 |
2 |
11507039 (1), 7657393 (1) |
| lipodystrophy |
31.5 |
3 |
17327441 (1), 16409151 (1), 16722806 (1) |
| somatic mutations |
28.1 |
6 |
17047397 (3), 20354455 (1) |
Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: AKT2 (24 documents)
Tumor Gene Database (TGDB): AKT2
Export disorders for AKT2 gene to outside databases
|
Publications
for AKT2 gene (in
PubMed.
Associations of this gene to articles via
1Entrez Gene,
2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot,
3HGNC,
4GAD,
5PharmGKB,
6HMDB,
7DrugBank,
8UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
9 Novoseek, and/or
10fRNAdb)
About This Section
|
PubMed articles for AKT2 gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 341):
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with AKT2) | |  | Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
world of online information |
- AKT2, a putative oncogene encoding a member of a subfamily of protein-serine/threonine kinases, is amplified in human ovarian carcinomas. (PubMed id 1409633)1, 2, 3, 9 Cheng J.Q.... Testa J.R. (1992)
- Akt2 and Akt3 play a pivotal role in malignant glioma s. (PubMed id 20167810)1, 2, 9 Mure H....Nagahiro S. (2010)
- Kinetic mechanism of AKT/PKB enzyme family. (PubMed id 16540465)1, 2, 9 Zhang X....Kendall R.L. (2006)
- A family with severe insulin resistance and diabetes due to a mutation in AKT2. (PubMed id 15166380)1, 2, 9 George S....Barroso I. (2004)
- Akt1 and Akt2: differentiating the aktion. (PubMed id 21432781)1, 2 Heron-Milhavet L....Lamb N.J. (2011)
- An activating mutation of AKT2 and human hypoglycemia . (PubMed id 21979934)1, 2 Hussain K....Semple R.K. (2011)
- The E3 ligase TRAF6 regulates Akt ubiquitination and activation. (PubMed id 19713527)1, 2 Yang W.-L.... Lin H.-K. (2009)
- The E3 ligase TTC3 facilitates ubiquitination and degradation of phosphorylated Akt. (PubMed id 20059950)1, 2 Suizu F.... Noguchi M. (2009)
- Activation of a GST-tagged AKT2/PKBbeta. (PubMed id 15890450)1, 2 Baer K.... Al-Hasani H. (2005)
- Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. (PubMed id 14702039)1, 2 Ota T.... Sugano S. (2004)
|
External Searches for AKT2 gene
(in PubMed,
OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
About This Section
|
|
Genome Databases showing AKT2 gene
(According to
Entrez Gene,
HGNC,
AceView,
euGenes,
Ensembl,
miRBase,
ECgene,
Kegg,
and/or
H-InvDB)
About This Section
|
|
Other Databases showing AKT2 gene
(According to HUGE)
About This Section
| -- |
Specialized Databases showing AKT2 gene(According to PharmGKB,
ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
About This Section
|
|
About This Section
| Patent Information for AKT2 gene:
Search GeneIP for patents involving AKT2
Licensable Technologies for AKT2 gene:GeneCards and IP:
Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards Improving the IP Search
|
Products
for AKT2 gene(Antibodies, recombinant proteins, and assays from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, QIAGEN, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, SABiosciences, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, Enzo Life Sciences, Abcam, ProSpec, Uscn, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, SwitchGear Genomics, Vector BioLabs, Cell lines from GenScript and LifeMap BioReagents, PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Drugs and/or compounds from EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience, and/or
Enzo Life Sciences),
In Situ Hybridization Assays from
Advanced Cell Diagnostics
About This Section
|
 | |
 | |
 |
| | |  | OriGene Antibodies for AKT2 | | OriGene shRNA RFP for AKT2 | | | OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for AKT2 | | OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for AKT2 | | | OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysate for AKT2 | | Browse OriGene Fluorogenic Cell Assay Kits | | | OriGene siRNA for AKT2 | | OriGene 3'-UTR Clone for AKT2 | | | OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for AKT2 | | OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for AKT2 | | | Browse OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector | | Browse OriGene MicroRNA Expression Plasmids | | | Browse OriGene basic RS shRNAs | | Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs | | | OriGene Purified Protein for AKT2 | | OriGene custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis,
variant library, vector shuttling | | | OriGene Custom Antibody Services for AKT2 | | OriGene Custom Protein Services for AKT2 | | | OriGene Custom Immunoassay Development | | |
| |
 |
 |
| | | QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of in human, mouse, rat AKT2 | | | QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing AKT2 | | | QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat AKT2 | | | QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat AKT2 | | | QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat AKT2 | | | QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat AKT2 |
| |
 |  |  |  | |
| | Antibodies & Assays for AKT2 |
| | | | Tocris compounds for AKT2 |
| |  |  |  |  | | | | |
 |
 |
 |
 | | | | | | Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for AKT2 |
|  |  |  | | | | ThermoFisher Antibody for AKT2 |
| | | Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat AKT2 |
|
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