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Category   Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21
GIFtS

AKR1C3 Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 73
GCID: GC10P005077

aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C3

(Previous names: hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase 5, aldo-keto reductase...)
(Previous symbol: HSD17B5)
 Explore 41 diseases affiliated with
AKR1C3 via
MalaCards
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 Human Malady Compendium 
Biological research products
for AKR1C3    

Aliases
for AKR1C3 gene

(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc, 7Ensembl, 8DME, 9miRBase, and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section
Aliases
Aldo-Keto Reductase Family 1, Member C31 2     Aldo-Keto Reductase Family 1 Member C32
HSD17B51 2 3     Dihydrodiol Dehydrogenase X2
PGFS1 2 3     HluPGFS1
HAKRB1 2 5     Type IIb 3-Alpha Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase2
DD32 3 5     17-Beta-HSD 53
DDX1 2     17-Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 53
Aldo-Keto Reductase Family 1, Member C3 (3-Alpha Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase,
Type II)1 2
     3-Alpha-HSD Type 23
KIAA01191 3     3-Alpha-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 23
Chlordecone Reductase Homolog HAKRb2 3     DD-33
Dihydrodiol Dehydrogenase 32 3     DDH13
Indanol Dehydrogenase2 3     EC 1.-.-.-3
Prostaglandin F Synthase2 3     EC 1.1.1.1123
Testosterone 17-Beta-Dehydrogenase 52 3     EC 1.1.1.1883
Trans-1,2-Dihydrobenzene-1,2-Diol Dehydrogenase2 3     EC 1.1.1.2133
3-Alpha-HSD Type II, Brain2 3     EC 1.1.1.2393
HA17532 3     EC 1.1.1.643
Hydroxysteroid (17-Beta) Dehydrogenase 51     EC 1.3.1.203
3-Alpha Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase, Type II2     Dihydrodiol Dehydrogenase Type I3
HAKRe2     EC 1.1.18

External Ids:    HGNC: 3861   Entrez Gene: 86442   Ensembl: ENSG000001961397   OMIM: 6039665   UniProtKB: P423303   

Export aliases for AKR1C3 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC10P005184 GC10P005090 GC10P005126


Summaries
for AKR1C3 gene

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section
Entrez Gene summary for AKR1C3:
This gene encodes a member of the aldo/keto reductase superfamily, which consists of more than 40 known enzymes and
proteins. These enzymes catalyze the conversion of aldehydes and ketones to their corresponding alcohols by utilizing
NADH and/or NADPH as cofactors. The enzymes display overlapping but distinct substrate specificity. This enzyme
catalyzes the reduction of prostaglandin (PG) D2, PGH2 and phenanthrenequinone (PQ), and the oxidation of
9alpha,11beta-PGF2 to PGD2. It may play an important role in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases such as asthma, and
may also have a role in controlling cell growth and/or differentiation. This gene shares high sequence identity with
three other gene members and is clustered with those three genes at chromosome 10p15-p14. Three transcript variants
encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. (provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: AK1C3_HUMAN, P42330
Function: Catalyzes the conversion of aldehydes and ketones to alcohols. Catalyzes the reduction of prostaglandin (PG)
D2, PGH2 and phenanthrenequinone (PQ) and the oxidation of 9-alpha,11-beta-PGF2 to PGD2. Functions as a bi-directional
3-alpha-, 17-beta- and 20-alpha HSD. Can interconvert active androgens, estrogens and progestins with their cognate
inactive metabolites. Preferentially transforms androstenedione (4-dione) to testosterone

Gene Wiki entry for AKR1C3


Genomic Views
for AKR1C3 gene

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000010.10  NC_018921.1  NT_008705.16  
Regulatory elements:
   SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the AKR1C3 gene promoter:
         p53   Sp1   HNF-1   Cart-1   MRF-2   GATA-1   HNF-1A   
         Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: AKR1C3 promoter sequence
   Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for AKR1C3

Epigenetics:
QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat AKR1C3


Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 10p15-p14   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  10p15.1   HGNC cytogenetic band: 10p15-p14

AKR1C3 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
AKR1C3 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 10         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC10P005077:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
 5,077,549 bp from pter      End:
 5,149,878 bp from pter
Size:
 72,330 bases      Orientation:
 plus strand

Proteins
for AKR1C3 gene

(According to 1UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: AK1C3_HUMAN, P42330 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3  
Size: 323 amino acids; 36853 Da
Subcellular location: Cytoplasm
Sequence caution: Sequence=BAA04619.2; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Translation N-terminally extended;
6/26 PDB 3D structures from and Proteopedia for AKR1C3 (see all 26):
1RY0 (3D)        1RY8 (3D)        1S1P (3D)        1S1R (3D)        1S2A (3D)        1S2C (3D)    
Secondary accessions: A8K2V0 Q5T2L1 Q96DJ1 Q96KI8 Q99530 Q9UCX1 Q9UII3 Q9UKL9

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for AKR1C3: NX_P42330

Post-translational modifications:

  • View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus2
  • View neXtProt modification sites for NX_P42330

    • 2 DME Specific Peptides for AKR1C3 (P42330)
     EKCKDAGL  KSIGVSNFN 

    AKR1C3 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb:    About this image 
    Estimated protein expression log10 (pmol).

    REFSEQ proteins (3 alternative transcripts): 
    NP_001240837.1  NP_001240838.1  NP_003730.4  

    ENSEMBL proteins: 
     ENSP00000369927   ENSP00000401327  
    Reactome Protein details: P42330
    Human Recombinant Protein Products: 
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    R&D Systems Recombinant & Natural Proteins for AKR1C3 (Aldo-keto Reductase 1C3/AKR1C3)
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    OriGene Purified Protein: AKR1C3
    OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysate: AKR1C3
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    Novus Biologicals AKR1C3 Proteins
    Novus Biologicals AKR1C3 Lysates
    Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
    ProSpec Recombinant Protein for AKR1C3
    Uscn Proteins for AKR1C3

    Gene Ontology (GO): 3 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005622intracellular IDA--
    GO:0005634nucleus IDA18574251
    GO:0005737cytoplasm IDA--


    AKR1C3 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    AKR1C3 Antibody Products: 
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    Assay Products for AKR1C3: 
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    Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for AKR1C3

    Protein Domains /
    Families
    for AKR1C3 gene

    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section
    AKR1C3 for domains           About GeneDecksing

    4 InterPro domains/families:
     IPR001395 Aldo/ket_red
     IPR018170 Aldo/ket_reductase_CS
     IPR020471 Aldo/keto_reductase_subgr
     IPR023210 NADP_OxRdtase_dom

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P42330

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: P42330

    1 Blocks protein family: IPB001395 Aldo/keto reductase

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: AK1C3_HUMAN, P42330
    Similarity: Belongs to the aldo/keto reductase family


    Function
    for AKR1C3 gene

    (According to 1UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or 2DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
    bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section
    Function Summary:

         UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: AK1C3_HUMAN, P42330
    Function: Catalyzes the conversion of aldehydes and ketones to alcohols. Catalyzes the reduction of prostaglandin (PG)
    D2, PGH2 and phenanthrenequinone (PQ) and the oxidation of 9-alpha,11-beta-PGF2 to PGD2. Functions as a bi-directional
    3-alpha-, 17-beta- and 20-alpha HSD. Can interconvert active androgens, estrogens and progestins with their cognate
    inactive metabolites. Preferentially transforms androstenedione (4-dione) to testosterone
    Catalytic activity: Trans-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol + NADP(+) = catechol + NADPH
    Catalytic activity: A 3-alpha-hydroxysteroid + NAD(P)(+) = a 3-oxosteroid + NAD(P)H
    Catalytic activity: (5Z,13E)-(15S)-9-alpha,11-alpha,15-trihydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate + NADP(+) =
    (5Z,13E)-(15S)-9-alpha,15-dihydroxy-11-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoate + NADPH
    Catalytic activity: Testosterone + NAD(+) = androstenedione + NADH
    Catalytic activity: Testosterone + NADP(+) = androst-4-ene-3,17-dione + NADPH
    Catalytic activity: Indan-1-ol + NAD(P)(+) = indanone + NAD(P)H
    Enzyme regulation: Strongly inhibited by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) including flufenamic acid and
    indomethacin. Also inhibited by the flavinoid, rutin, and by selective serotonin inhibitors (SSRIs)
    Biophysicochemical properties: Kinetic parameters: KM=142.1 uM for progesterone; KM=2.37 uM for
    5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone; KM=1.0 uM for androstanediol; Vmax=20.1 nmol/min/mg enzyme with progesterone as
    substrate; Vmax=1.8 nmol/min/mg enzyme with 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone as substrate; Vmax=4.4 nmol/min/mg enzyme with
    androstanediol as substrate;

         Genatlas biochemistry entry for AKR1C3:
    aldo-keto reductase family 1,member C3 (3-alpha hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase,type II),with low affinity for
    dihydrotestosterone,expressed in brain,kidney,liver,placenta,testis

    Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB): EC 1.1.1.641 EC 1.3.1.201 EC 1.1.1.1121 EC 1.1.1.1881 EC 1.1.1.2131 EC 1.1.12 EC 1.1.1.2391 EC 1.-.-.-1

    miRNA
    Products:            		 OriGene 3'-UTR Clone: AKR1C3
    Browse MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
    QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat AKR1C3
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    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: AKR1C3 3' UTR sequence
    Inhib. RNA
    Products:            		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
    OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for AKR1C3 (see all 4)
    OriGene shRNA RFP: AKR1C3
    OriGene siRNA: AKR1C3
    QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat AKR1C3

    Gene Editing
    Products:    		DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for AKR1C3

    Clone
    Products:             		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from EMD Millipore
    OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for AKR1C3 (see all 3)
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    OriGene custom cloning services – gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling 
    GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector: AKR1C3 (NM_003739)
    Browse Sino Biological Human cDNA Clones
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    Cell Line
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    Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for AKR1C3

    In Situ Assay
    Products:       
         		Search Advanced Cell Diagnostics for RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for AKR1C3

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/23 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 23):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0001758retinal dehydrogenase activity IDA--
    GO:0004032alditol:NADP+ 1-oxidoreductase activity IDA--
    GO:0004033aldo-keto reductase (NADP) activity TAS9792917
    GO:0004745retinol dehydrogenase activity IDA--
    GO:0004958prostaglandin F receptor activity IDA18508192


    AKR1C3 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing


    1 GenomeRNAi human phenotype for AKR1C3:
     Synthetic lethal with c-Myc af 

    Animal Models:
         Mouse knock-out Akr1c18tm1Jni for AKR1C3
         4 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 2 alleles) (MGI details for Akr1c18):
     behavior/neurological  hematopoietic system  homeostasis/metabolism  reproductive system 

    AKR1C3 for phenotypes           About GeneDecksing


    Pathways & Interactions
    for AKR1C3 gene

    (Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, 3I2D, and/or 4STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
    About This Section

    Unified GeneCards pathways - 5/15 super-pathways (see all 15) About this table 
    See pathways by source

    Super-pathwaycontained gene-specific pathways
    1Synthesis of Prostaglandins (PG) and Thromboxanes (TX)
    		Synthesis of Prostaglandins (PG) and Thromboxanes (TX)1.00
    		Prostaglandin 2 biosynthesis and metabolism FM0.44
    		Prostaglandin 2 biosynthesis and metabolism FM0.44
    2Naphthalene metabolism
    		Naphthalene metabolism1.00
    		Benzo(a)pyrene metabolism0.32
    		Naphthalene metabolism1.00
    3Retinoid metabolism and transport
    		Retinoid metabolism and transport1.00
    		Diseases associated with visual transduction0.73
    		Visual phototransduction0.74
    4Metabolism
    		Metabolism1.00
    		Metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins0.34
    5Arachidonic acid metabolism
    		Arachidonic acid metabolism1.00
    		Arachidonic acid metabolism0.42

    Pathway sources
    See GeneCards unified pathways
    Show all pathways

    2 EMD Millipore Pathways for AKR1C3
        Prostaglandin 2 biosynthesis and metabolism FM
    Naphthalene metabolism


    2 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) Pathways for AKR1C3
        Naphthalene metabolism
    Prostaglandin 2 biosynthesis and metabolism FM

    4 BioSystems Pathways for AKR1C3 
        Benzo(a)pyrene metabolism
    androgen biosynthesis
    estrogen biosynthesis
    metapathway biotransformation

    5/9        Reactome Pathways for AKR1C3 (see all 9)
        Diseases associated with visual transduction
    Metabolism
    Arachidonic acid metabolism
    Synthesis of Prostaglandins (PG) and Thromboxanes (TX)
    Visual phototransduction

    3 PharmGKB Pathways for AKR1C3
        Celecoxib Pathway, Pharmacodynamics
    Doxorubicin Pathway (Cardiomyocyte Cell), Pharmacodynamics
    Doxorubicin Pathway, Pharmacokinetics

    3         Kegg Pathways  (Kegg details for AKR1C3):
        Steroid hormone biosynthesis
    Arachidonic acid metabolism
    Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450


    AKR1C3 for pathways           About GeneDecksing

    Interactions:

        Search SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Networks for AKR1C3

    STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 20)

    5/24 Interacting proteins for AKR1C3 (P423302, 3 ENSP000003699274) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 24)
    InteractantInteraction Details
    GeneCardExternal ID(s)
    UBE2WQ96B022, 3MINT-63740 I2D: score=5 
    ZHX1Q9UKY12, 3MINT-63743 I2D: score=5 
    LRIF1Q5T3J32, 3MINT-63741 I2D: score=4 
    MAGEA11P433642, 3, ENSP000003473584MINT-66510 I2D: score=5 STRING: ENSP00000347358
    ACIN1Q9UKV32, 3, ENSP000002627104MINT-63742 I2D: score=4 STRING: ENSP00000262710
    About this table

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/32 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 32):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0000060protein import into nucleus, translocation IDA--
    GO:0006693prostaglandin metabolic process TAS9792917
    GO:0007186G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway IDA18508192
    GO:0007584response to nutrient IEP19007764
    GO:0008202steroid metabolic process IEP--


    AKR1C3 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    Drugs & Compounds
    for AKR1C3 gene

    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
    About This Section

    AKR1C3 for compounds           About GeneDecksing

    Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore
    Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

    Browse Tocris compounds for AKR1C3

    10/17 HMDB Compounds for AKR1C3 (see all 17)    About this table
    CompoundSynonyms CAS #PubMed Ids
    Androstenedione(4)-Androsten-3,17-dione (see all 14)63-05-816735089
    11-Epi-PGF2a11-epi-Prostaglandin F2alpha (see all 4)----
    11b-PGF2a(5Z,13E,15S)-9alpha,11beta,15-trihydroxyprosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid (see all 12)----
    Androsterone(3R,5S,8R,9S,10S,13S,14S)-3-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one (see all 28)53-41-8--
    Dimethyl sulfoxide(methylsulfinyl)methane;Dimethyl sulfoxide (see all 5)67-68-5--
    NAD3-Carbamoyl-1-D-ribofuranosylpyridinium hydroxide 5'-ester with adenosine 5'-pyrophosphate (see all 28)53-84-9--
    NADH1,4-Dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (see all 17)58-68-4--
    NADPAdenine-nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate (see all 18)53-59-8--
    NADPH2'-(dihydrogen phosphate) 5'-(trihydrogen pyrophosphate) Adenosine 5'-ester with 1,4-dihydro-1-b-D-ribofuranosylnicotinamide (see all 23)53-57-6--
    Pyrocatechol1,2-Dihydroxybenzene (see all 20)120-80-9--

    8 DrugBank Compounds for AKR1C3    About this table
    CompoundSynonyms CAS #TypeActionsPubMed Ids
    NADHbeta-DPNH (see all 18)606-68-8target--17139284 2146972 17016423 6584048 2615366
    Flufenamic Acid-- 530-78-9target--17139284 14996743 17016423 10592235
    (5e,13e)-9,15-Dihydroxy-11-Oxoprosta-5,13-Dien-1-Oicacid-- 41598-07-6target--17139284 17016423 10592235
    2'-Monophosphoadenosine 5'-Diphosphoribose-- --target--17139284 17016423 10592235
    4-Androstenedione-- 63-05-8targetinducer17139284 17016423
    Rutin2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-Dihydroxy-4-Oxo-4h-Chromen-3-Yl 6-O-(6-Deoxy-Alpha-L-Mannopyranosyl)-Beta-D-Glucopyranoside (see all 5)153-18-4target--17139284 17016423
    3-CARBOXAMIDO-1,3,5(10)-ESTRATRIEN-17(R)-SPIRO-2'(5',5'-DIMETHYL-6'OXO)TETRAHYDROPYRAN-- --target--10592235
    Bimatoprost-- 155206-00-1target--10592235

    10/34 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for AKR1C3 gene (see all 34)    About this table
    Compound   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    3alpha-hydroxysteroid 89.4 12 12893295 (3), 8172618 (1), 19007764 (1), 14979715 (1) (see all 7)
    17beta-hydroxysteroid 86.8 13 16337332 (2), 17583494 (2), 11165023 (2), 19366843 (1) (see all 9)
    dihydroprogesterone 84 2 15494612 (1), 20036328 (1)
    5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol 83.4 3 15494612 (1), 16601286 (1), 13678667 (1)
    androstenedione 75.7 9 19336506 (2), 16735089 (1), 16510604 (1), 20036328 (1) (see all 7)
    9,10-phenanthrenequinone 74.9 17 19442656 (6), 17950253 (3), 10622721 (1)
    chlordecone 74.7 5 7789999 (2), 8172618 (1), 1922097 (1), 10619355 (1)
    pgd2 74.6 16 18508192 (6), 12543809 (2), 18390687 (1), 8316217 (1) (see all 9)
    estrone 71.5 7 1953709 (2), 16735089 (1), 2256510 (1), 7626483 (1) (see all 6)
    flufenamic acid 70.6 6 14996743 (2), 19007764 (1), 16183274 (1), 19442656 (1)

    Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about AKR1C3 / AK1C3 

    Transcripts
    for AKR1C3 gene

    (Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
    GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
    siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
    About This Section
    REFSEQ mRNAs for AKR1C3 gene (3 alternative transcripts): 
    NM_001253908.1  NM_001253909.1  NM_003739.5  

    Unigene Cluster for AKR1C3:

    Aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C3
    Hs.78183  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequence: BQ939577
    5 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:
    ENST00000470862 ENST00000480822 ENST00000380554(uc001ihr.3 uc021pml.1 uc001ihu.3)
    ENST00000480697(uc010qaq.1) ENST00000439082(uc010qap.2)

    miRNA
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    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: AKR1C3 3' UTR sequence
    Inhib. RNA
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    OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for AKR1C3 (see all 4)
    OriGene shRNA RFP: AKR1C3
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    Clone
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    Additional cDNA sequence: 

    AB018580.1 AF149416.2 AK290365.1 AK296701.1 AK296829.1 AK310940.1 AK315411.1 BC001479.2 
    BC019230.1 BT007286.1 D17793.1 DQ269985.1 S68288.1 

    19 DOTS entries:

    DT.219274  DT.95268589  DT.101959156  DT.121225269  DT.95087283  DT.100889716  DT.95252294  DT.121225136 
    DT.100889719  DT.100889733  DT.100889737  DT.100031707  DT.95268587  DT.100031710  DT.100889731  DT.121225273 
    DT.121225389  DT.121225394  DT.92462938 

    24/577 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 577):

    CB121354 BQ001671 BM825533 BM699337 AI858236 BU617393 AW069843 AI824136 
    BM828340 BM852318 CB306233 CB164347 BU728999 BM761677 BM851330 AV656520 
    AA865655 CB107416 R27884 BQ018729 BM700409 AI075141 BC019230 BM830775 

    GeneLoc Exon Structure

    4 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for AKR1C3    About this scheme

    ExUns: 1a · 1b ^ 2 ^ 3 ^ 4 ^ 5a · 5b ^ 6 ^ 7 ^ 8 ^ 9 ^ 10
    SP1:                                      -                                 
    SP2:                                                                        
    SP3:                    -     -                                             
    SP4:                                                                        


    ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for AKR1C3

    Expression
    for AKR1C3 gene

    (RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
    PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
    About This Section

    AKR1C3 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
    See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
    About this imageBioGPS
    CGAP TAG: GAGAGCTTTG

    Microarray
    RNAseq (Illumina Body Map)
    (100×FPKM)½
    SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression)
    About this image

    AKR1C3 expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells
    Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine    About this table
    2 LifeMap In Vivo Development Anatomical Compartments/Cells 
    Tissue Anatomical Compartment CellCategory (developmental path)
    OvaryAntral FollicleCumulus CellsOvary
    OvaryPrimary FollicleGranulosa CellsOvary
    Expression: Positive    Negative     Selective marker
    Experimental details: Curated     Microarrays     In-situ hybridization
    Stem Cell Differentiation: 5 LifeMap Cells 
    NameCategory
    PureStem™ mesenchymal progenitor MEL2 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)Adipose, Bone, Cartilage
    PureStem™ progenitor W8 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)
    Mesendoderm-like cells (Generation of mesend...)
    HyStem+BMP4-induced MEL2 cells (HyStem+BMP4 inductio...)Bone
    HyStem+BMP4-induced E15 cells (HyStem+BMP4 inductio...)Adipose, Bone, Cartilage

    See AKR1C3 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
    Genevestigator expression for AKR1C3

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.78183

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: AK1C3_HUMAN, P42330
    Tissue specificity: Expressed in many tissues including adrenal gland, brain, kidney, liver, lung, mammary gland,
    placenta, small intestine, colon, spleen, prostate and testis. The dominant HSD in prostate and mammary gland. In the
    prostate, higher levels in epithelial cells than in stromal cells. In the brain, expressed in medulla, spinal cord,
    frontotemporal lobes, thalamus, subthalamic nuclei and amygdala. Weaker expression in the hippocampus, substantia
    nigra and caudate

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    In Situ
    Assay Products:     
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    Orthologs
    for AKR1C3 gene

    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD , 5MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or 6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
    About This Section
    This gene was present in the common ancestor of eukaryotes.

    Orthologs for AKR1C3 gene from 5/21 species (see all 21)    About this table
    Organism Taxonomic
    classification    		 Gene Description Human
    Similarity    		 Orthology
    Type    		 Details
    lizard
    (Anolis carolinensis)    		 Reptilia --
    		 --
    		 41(a)
    		 possible ortholog
    		 AAWZ02039178(2232-9058)
    zebrafish
    (Danio rerio)    		 Actinopterygii zgc:566226
    		 zgc:56622
    		 42(a)
    		 possible ortholog
    		 18(12660381-12669534)
    fruit fly
    (Drosophila melanogaster)    		 Insecta CG60843 aldehyde reductase 50(a)
    (best of 7)    		   68C15   --
    thale cress
    (Arabidopsis thaliana)    		 eudicotyledons AT5G624201 aldo/keto reductase family protein 48.86(n)
    39.78(a)    		   836363  NM_125636.1  NP_201048.1 
    rice
    (Oryza sativa)    		 Liliopsida --
    		 oxidoreductase, aldo/keto reductase family protein...
    		 30(a)
    		 1 → many
    		 2(1227308-1230217)


    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for AKR1C3 (if available)
    TreeFam Gene Tree for AKR1C3 (if available) 

    Paralogs
    for AKR1C3 gene

    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene,
    2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
    About This Section
    Paralogs for AKR1C3 gene
    AKR1C22  AKR1CL12  AKR1B102  AKR1A12  AKR1E22  AKR1C42  AKR1B152  AKR1B12  
    AKR1D12  AKR1C12  
    11 SIMAP similar genes for AKR1C3 using alignment to 2 protein entries:     AK1C3_HUMAN (see all proteins):
    AKR1C4    AKR1C1    AKR1C2    AKR1CL1    AKR1D1    AKR1B1
    AKR1B15    AKR1E2    AKR1B10    AKR1A1    LOC402299

    AKR1C3 for paralogs           About GeneDecksing


    2 Pseudogenes.org Pseudogenes for AKR1C3
    PGOHUM00000258456 PGOHUM00000251259


    Genomic Variants
    for AKR1C3 gene

    (SNPs/Variants according to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
    About This Section

    10/1502 NCBI SNPs in AKR1C3 are shown (see all 1502)     About this table
    Genomic DataTranscription Related DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidClinical
    significance    		Chr 10 posSequence#AA
    Chg    		TypeMore#Allele
    freq    		PopTotal
    sample    		More
    ----------
    rs1125038311,2
    		--5089024(+) AGACCA/GGTAGT 1 -- us2k12Minor allele frequency- G:0.19CSA WA 120
    rs1425693271,2
    		--5089035(+) GGCCCC/TGAATG 1 -- us2k10--------
    rs1120474271,2
    		--5089068(+) GCATAC/TAAGAC 1 -- us2k12Minor allele frequency- T:0.19CSA WA 120
    rs1127709161,2
    		--5089073(+) CAAGAC/TAAAGG 1 -- us2k12Minor allele frequency- T:0.19CSA WA 120
    rs1163500111,2
    		C,F,--5089078(+) CAAAGG/AGACAG 1 -- us2k12Minor allele frequency- A:0.06WA NA 238
    rs1166595291,2
    		F,--5089143(+) CATGGG/AAAAGG 1 -- us2k11Minor allele frequency- A:0.18WA 118
    rs1870791611,2
    		--5089152(+) GGGGGC/TCTTTC 1 -- us2k10--------
    rs1895175351,2
    		--5089182(+) AGAGAA/GGGAAG 1 -- us2k10--------
    rs1430719841,2
    		--5089277(+) TTCTAC/TGAACT 1 -- us2k10--------
    rs607291791,2
    		--5089335(+) GCATGG/ACCATT 1 -- us2k12Minor allele frequency- A:0.19CSA WA 120

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for AKR1C3 (5077549 - 5149878 bp)
    Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
          Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) variations for AKR1C3: --
    Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): AKR1C3

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    Disorders / Diseases
    for AKR1C3 gene

    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section
    AKR1C3 for disorders           About GeneDecksing

    OMIM gene information: 603966    OMIM disorders: --

    20/41 diseases for AKR1C3 (see all 41):    About MalaCards
    17-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3 deficiency    patent ductus arteriosus    polycystic ovary syndrome    sex reversal
    non-hodgkin lymphoma    hyperandrogenism    hodgkin's lymphoma    breast-ovarian cancer
    asthma    alcoholism    malignant glioma    childhood leukemia
    endometrial cancer    familial prostate cancer    adrenocortical carcinoma    renal cell carcinoma
    wilms tumor    ovarian endometriosis    cryptorchidism    prostate cancer

    1 disease from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for AKR1C3:
    Prostate cancer

    10/13 Novoseek disease relationships for AKR1C3 gene (see all 13)    About this table

    Disease   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    prostate cancer 44.6 14 18508192 (3), 19489685 (2), 17220347 (1), 16337332 (1) (see all 8)
    endometrial cancer 42.4 4 16337332 (1), 19007764 (1), 19022235 (1)
    hyperandrogenism 42.2 3 19366843 (1), 17583494 (1), 16263811 (1)
    polycystic ovary syndrome 39.2 1 17940109 (1)
    breast cancer 31.5 19 19010312 (3), 19460435 (2), 19007764 (2), 16337332 (1) (see all 8)
    carcinoma ductal 31.2 4 16735089 (2), 19010312 (1)
    cancer 21.2 12 16337332 (1), 19007764 (1), 17720776 (1), 14996743 (1) (see all 8)
    myeloid leukemia 20.4 1 15475569 (1)
    breast carcinoma 16.7 4 16735089 (1), 19010312 (1), 15212687 (1)
    obesity 9.03 1 17302881 (1)

    Genetic Association Database (GAD): AKR1C3
    Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: AKR1C3 (32 documents)

    Export disorders for AKR1C3 gene to outside databases

    Publications
    for AKR1C3 gene

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Entrez Gene, 2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 3HGNC, 4GAD, 5PharmGKB, 6HMDB, 7DrugBank, 8UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 9 Novoseek, and/or 10fRNAdb)
    About This Section

    PubMed articles for AKR1C3 gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 195):
    (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with AKR1C3)    		    Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
    world of online information

    1. Crystal structures of prostaglandin D(2) 11-ketoreductase (AKR1C3) in complex with the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs flufenamic acid and indomethacin. (PubMed id 14996743)1, 2, 7, 9 Lovering A.L....White S.A. (2004)
    2. Substrate specificity, gene structure, and tissue-specific distribution of multiple human 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases. (PubMed id 7650035)1, 2, 3 Khanna M.... Cheng K.-C. (1995)
    3. Crystal structure of human prostaglandin F synthase (AKR1C3). (PubMed id 14979715)1, 2, 9 Komoto J.... Takusagawa F. (2004)
    4. cDNA cloning, expression and characterization of human prostaglandin F synthase. (PubMed id 10622721)1, 2, 9 Suzuki-Yamamoto T.... Watanabe K. (1999)
    5. Structure-function aspects and inhibitor design of type 5 17beta- hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (AKR1C3). (PubMed id 11165022)1, 2, 9 Penning T.M.... Palackal N. (2001)
    6. Identification of a principal mRNA species for human 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isoform (AKR1C3) that exhibits high prostag landin D2 11-ketoreductase activity. (PubMed id 9792917)1, 3, 9 Matsuura K....Sakai S. (1998)
    7. Close kinship of human 20alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase gene with three aldo-keto reductase genes. (PubMed id 10672042)1, 2, 9 Nishizawa M.... Ito S. (2000)
    8. Polymorphisms in genes involved in sex hormone metabolism may increase risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia. (PubMed id 16302261)1, 4, 9 Roberts R.O....Jacobsen S.J. (2006)
    9. Green tea consumption, genetic susceptibility, PAH-rich smoky coal, and the risk of lung cancer. (PubMed id 15781210)1, 4, 9 Bonner M.R....Lan Q. (2005)
    10. Crystal structures of the multispecific 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 5: critical androgen regulation in human peripheral tissues. (PubMed id 15087468)1, 2, 9 Qiu W.... Lin S.-X. (2004)

    External Searches for AKR1C3 gene

    (in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
    About This Section
     ANDOR
    Aliases
    Disorders
    Free Text  
      Query String
    		PubMed
    OMIM
    NCBI Bookshelf
      (Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

    Genome Databases showing AKR1C3 gene

    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
    About This Section
    Entrez Gene: 8644 HGNC: 386 AceView: AKR1C3 Ensembl:ENSG00000196139 euGenes: HUgn8644
    ECgene: AKR1C3 Kegg: 8644 H-InvDB: AKR1C3

    Other Databases showing AKR1C3 gene

    (According to HUGE)
    About This Section
    HUGE: KIAA0119

    Specialized Databases showing AKR1C3 gene

    (According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
    Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
    About This Section
    NameDescription
    PharmGKB entry for AKR1C3 Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
    ATLAS Chromosomes in Cancer entry for AKR1C3 Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology

    Intellectual Property
    for AKR1C3 gene

    (Patent information from GeneIP,
    Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts,
    IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)
    About This Section
    		Patent Information for AKR1C3 gene:
    Search GeneIP for patents involving AKR1C3

    GeneCards and IP:
    Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     Improving the IP Search



    Products
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