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Category Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21

GIFtS
-

AK4 Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 59
GCID: GC01P065614

adenylate kinase 4

(Previous names: adenylate kinase 3, adenylate kinase 3-like 1 )
(Previous symbols: AK3, AK3L1)

Explore 4 diseases affiliated with
AK4 via

MalaCards

our new
Human Malady Compendium

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
Adenylate Kinase 4¹ ²		AK3L2²
AK3¹ ² ³ ⁵		Adenylate Kinase Isoenzyme 4, Mitochondrial²
AK3L1¹ ² ³		GTP:AMP Phosphotransferase²
Adenylate Kinase 3-Like 1¹ ²		Mitochondrial Adenylate Kinase-3²
ATP-AMP Transphosphorylase² ³		Nucleoside-Triphosphate-Adenylate Kinase²
EC 2.7.4.3³ ⁸		Adenylate Kinase 3-Like³
Adenylate Kinase 3¹		EC 2.7.4⁸

External Ids:	HGNC: 363¹	Entrez Gene: 205²	Ensembl: ENSG00000162433⁷	OMIM: 103030⁵	UniProtKB: P27144³

Export aliases for AK4 gene to outside databases

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for AK4:

This gene encodes a member of the adenylate kinase family of enzymes. The encoded protein is localized to the

mitochondrial matrix. Adenylate kinases regulate the adenine and guanine nucleotide compositions within a cell by

catalyzing the reversible transfer of phosphate group among these nucleotides. Five isozymes of adenylate kinase have

been identified in vertebrates. Expression of these isozymes is tissue-specific and developmentally regulated. A

pseudogene for this gene has been located on chromosome 17. Three transcript variants encoding the same protein have

been identified for this gene. Sequence alignment suggests that the gene defined by NM_013410, NM_203464, and

NM_001005353 is located on chromosome 1. (provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: KAD4_HUMAN, P27144

Function: Catalyzes the reversible transfer of the terminal phosphate group between ATP and AMP. May also be active

with GTP (By similarity)

Gene Wiki entry for AK4 (AK3L1)

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000001.10 NC_018912.1 NT_032977.9

Regulatory elements:

Search SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites for AK4
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: AK4 promoter sequence

Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for AK4

Epigenetics:

QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat AK4

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 1p31.3 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 1p31.3 HGNC cytogenetic band: 1p31.3

AK4 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
AK4 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 1 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC01P065614: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	65,613,232 bp from pter	End:	65,697,828 bp from pter
Size:	84,597 bases	Orientation:	plus strand

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to ²PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: KAD4_HUMAN, P27144 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Adenylate kinase isoenzyme 4, mitochondrial

Size: 223 amino acids; 25268 Da

Subunit: Monomer

Subcellular location: Mitochondrion matrix

3 PDB 3D structures from and Proteopedia for AK4:

2AR7 (3D)

2BBW (3D)

3NDP (3D)

Secondary accessions: B2R927 D3DQ62 Q6IBH4 Q6NXQ5 Q8IUU9

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for AK4: NX_P27144

Post-translational modifications:

View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus²

View neXtProt modification sites for NX_P27144

4/8 DME Specific Peptides for AK4 (P27144) (see all 8)

FSGTETN

LDGFPRT

WLLDGFPR

DDVTGEPL

AK4 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb: About this image

REFSEQ proteins (3 alternative transcripts):

NP_001005353.1 NP_037542.1 NP_982289.1

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000448458 ENSP00000322175 ENSP00000445912 ENSP00000378743

Human Recombinant Protein Products:

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	Novus Biologicals AK4 Proteins Novus Biologicals AK4 Lysates
	Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
	ProSpec Recombinant Protein for AK4
	Uscn Proteins for AK4

Gene Ontology (GO): 2 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005739	mitochondrion	IDA	19766732
GO:0005759	mitochondrial matrix	ISS	11485571

AK4 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

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	Uscn Antibodies for AK4
	ThermoFisher Antibody for AK4

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	Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for AK4

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

AK4 for domains About GeneDecksing

3 InterPro domains/families:

IPR006259 Adenyl_kin_sub

IPR000850 Adenylate_kin

IPR007862 Adenylate_kinase_lid-dom

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P27144

ProtoNet protein and cluster: P27144

1 Blocks protein family: IPB000850 Adenylate kinase

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: KAD4_HUMAN, P27144

Similarity: Belongs to the adenylate kinase family

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Function Summary:

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: KAD4_HUMAN, P27144

Function: Catalyzes the reversible transfer of the terminal phosphate group between ATP and AMP. May also be active

with GTP (By similarity)

Catalytic activity: ATP + AMP = 2 ADP

Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB): EC 2.7.4.3¹ ² EC 2.7.4²

miRNA Products:		OriGene 3'-UTR Clone (see all 3): AK4 Browse MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat AK4
		8/91 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate AK4 (see all 91):
		hsa-miR-199a-3p hsa-miR-106a hsa-miR-15a hsa-miR-128 hsa-miR-3138 hsa-miR-342-3p hsa-miR-93 hsa-miR-3613-3p

		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: AK4 3' UTR sequence

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Gene Editing
Products:

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Cell Line Products:		GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for AK4
		Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for AK4

In Situ Assay
Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for AK4

Gene Ontology (GO): 4 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0004017	NOT adenylate kinase activity	IDA	11485571
GO:0005524	ATP binding	IEA	--
GO:0005525	GTP binding	IEA	--
GO:0046899	NOT nucleoside triphosphate adenylate kinase activity	IDA	11485571

AK4 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

(Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, ³I2D, and/or ⁴STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
About This Section

Unified GeneCards pathways About this table

See pathways by source

Super-pathway

contained gene-specific pathways

ATP/ITP metabolism

ATP/ITP metabolism

1.00

ATP/ITP metabolism

0.98

Tenofovir/Adefovir Pathway, Pharmacokinetics

Tenofovir/Adefovir Pathway, Pharmacokinetics

1.00

Purine metabolism

Purine metabolism

1.00

Metabolism

Metabolic pathways

0.38

Pathway sources
See GeneCards unified pathways
Show all pathways

1 EMD Millipore Pathway for AK4

ATP/ITP metabolism

1 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) Pathway for AK4

ATP/ITP metabolism

1 PharmGKB Pathway for AK4

Tenofovir/Adefovir Pathway, Pharmacokinetics

2 Kegg Pathways (Kegg details for AK4):

	Purine metabolism
	Metabolic pathways

AK4 for pathways About GeneDecksing

Interactions:

Search SABiosciences Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Networks for AK4

3 Interacting proteins for AK4 (P27144^{2, 3}) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
KEAP1	Q14145²^,³	MINT-8247640 I2D: score=2
UBA5	Q9GZZ9³	I2D: score=1
WDR6	Q9NNW5³	I2D: score=1

About this table

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/11 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 11): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0001889	liver development	IEA	--
GO:0007420	brain development	IEA	--
GO:0010033	response to organic substance	--	--
GO:0010243	response to organic nitrogen	--	--
GO:0014070	response to organic cyclic compound	--	--

AK4 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
About This Section

AK4 for compounds About GeneDecksing

Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Browse Tocris compounds for AK4

5 HMDB Compounds for AK4 About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	PubMed Ids
ADP	adenosindiphosphorsaeure (see all 8)	58-64-0	--
Adenosine monophosphate	5'-AMP (see all 28)	61-19-8	--
Adenosine triphosphate	5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate) Adenosine (see all 24)	56-65-5	--
Deoxyadenosine monophosphate	2'-Deoxy-5'-adenylate (see all 24)	653-63-4	--
dADP	2'-deoxyadenosine-5'-diphosphate (see all 3)	2793-06-8	--

2 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for AK4 gene About this table

Compound	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
adenylate	68.5	11	9813319 (3), 1639383 (2), 10544043 (1), 11485571 (1) (see all 5)
adenine	49.9	2	1448660 (1), 9813319 (1)

Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about AK4 / KAD4

(Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
About This Section

REFSEQ mRNAs for AK4 gene (3 alternative transcripts):

NM_001005353.2 NM_013410.3 NM_203464.2

Unigene Cluster for AK4:

Adenylate kinase 4

Hs.10862 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_001005353

8 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:

ENST00000497030 ENST00000470888 ENST00000546702 ENST00000327299(uc001dca.3)

ENST00000474968 ENST00000479060 ENST00000545314(uc001dby.3 uc009wan.3)

ENST00000395334(uc001dbz.3)

miRNA Products:		OriGene 3'-UTR Clone (see all 3): AK4 Browse OriGene MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat AK4
		8/91 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate AK4 (see all 91):
		hsa-miR-199a-3p hsa-miR-106a hsa-miR-15a hsa-miR-128 hsa-miR-3138 hsa-miR-342-3p hsa-miR-93 hsa-miR-3613-3p

		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: AK4 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
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		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector (see all 3): AK4 (NM_001005353)
		DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for AK4
		Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat AK4

Primer Products:		OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for AK4 Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
		SABiosciences RT² qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat AK4
		QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat AK4
		QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat AK4

Additional cDNA sequence:

AK025926.1 AK026966.1 AK309057.1 AK313611.1 BC016180.1 BC040224.1 BC066944.1 BC128048.1

BC136886.1 BC136887.1 BC146653.1 BC148270.1 CR456830.1 X60673.1

17 DOTS entries:

DT.307366 DT.415730 DT.97775034 DT.446781 DT.95185570 DT.92430671 DT.92430673 DT.92430656

DT.121137930 DT.120972537 DT.120972984 DT.95217850 DT.121165118 DT.91725141 DT.91667898 DT.92430661

DT.95208164

13 AceView cDNA sequences:

BM848258 BM763432 BI855899 BM798579 BI862402 BI598956 AU099230 BI860320

AU104804 CB997715 BE778105 BQ378217 H12912

GeneLoc Exon Structure

(RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
About This Section

AK4 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS
CGAP TAG: GGAAGTTAAG

About this image

AK4 expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells

Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine About this table

Stem Cell Differentiation: 1 LifeMap Cell

Name

Category

Line H7 (WA07) (Embryonic Stem Cell)

Early Embryo, Inner Cell Mass

Expression:

Positive

Negative

Selective marker

Experimental details:

Curated

Microarrays

In-situ hybridization

See AK4 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
Genevestigator expression for AK4

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.10862

SABiosciences Custom PCR Arrays for AK4

Primer Products:		OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for AK4 Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
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		QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat AK4

In Situ
Assay Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for AK4

(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD , ⁵MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or ⁶Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
About This Section

This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.

Orthologs for AK4 gene from 5/21 species (see all 21) About this table

Organism	Taxonomic classification	Gene	Description	Human Similarity	Orthology Type	Details
chicken (Gallus gallus)	Aves	AK4¹	adenylate kinase 4	75.64(n) 80.72(a)		424697 XM_422526.3 XP_422526.3
lizard (Anolis carolinensis)	Reptilia	AK4⁶	--	82(a)	1 ↔ 1	4(98331422-98335238)
zebrafish (Danio rerio)	Actinopterygii	ak4¹	adenylate kinase 4	66.51(n) 66.36(a)		406590 NM_213299.1 NP_998464.1
fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)	Insecta	Adk3⁶	Adenylate kinase-3	48(a)	1 → many	3R(6713288-6715310)
worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)	Secernentea	ZK673.2⁶	Probable adenylate kinase isoenzyme ZK673.2	30(a)	1 → many	II(10448204-10450167)

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for AK4 (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for AK4 (if available)

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene,
²Ensembl, and ³SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to ⁴Pseudogene.org Build 68)
About This Section

Paralogs for AK4 gene

AK3² AK8²

3 SIMAP similar genes for AK4 using alignment to 3 protein entries: KAD4_HUMAN (see all proteins):

AK3 AK2 CMPK1

AK4 for paralogs About GeneDecksing

4 Pseudogenes.org Pseudogenes for AK4
PGOHUM00000246100 PGOHUM00000235224 PGOHUM00000261423 PGOHUM00000235956

(SNPs/Variants according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
About This Section

SNP ID	Valid	Clinical significance	Chr 1 pos	Sequence	#	AA Chg	Type	More	#	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
Genomic Data					Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--
rs186090149^1,2		--	65611251(+)	`ACTGTG/TATTTG`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs148490196^1,2		--	65611334(+)	`CACCCA/GCTGCC`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs12410079^1,2	C,H,	--	65611399(+)	`GATAAT/CCCCAC`	1	--	us2k¹		6		NA WA EA	364
rs142643258^1,2		--	65611428(+)	`TTTTCA/GGACTC`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs4915681^1,2	C,F,A,H,	--	65611442(+)	`CCGCCG/TGCACC`	1	--	us2k¹		7		NA WA CSA EA	131
rs4916021^1,2	C,F,A,H,	--	65611453(+)	`CAGGTA/GAAATA`	1	--	us2k¹ tfbs³		5		NA WA EA	128
rs189809346^1,2		--	65611509(+)	`ATGGAC/TGTGCG`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs182078302^1,2		--	65611604(+)	`CCAAAG/TAAGTA`	2	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs2375754^1,2	C,F,A,H,	--	65611633(+)	`CATATA/GCCCCC`	2	--	us2k¹		21		NS EA NA WA CSA	2347
rs186289667^1,2		--	65611644(+)	`ACCCCC/TAGACC`	2	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for AK4 (65613232 - 65697828 bp)
Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) variations for AK4: --

SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays

QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing AK4

DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for AK4

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
About This Section

AK4 for disorders           About GeneDecksing

OMIM gene information: 103030    OMIM disorders: --

4 diseases for AK4:    About MalaCards

noma pneumonia tuberculosis mycobacterium tuberculosis

Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: AK4 (2 documents)

Export disorders for AK4 gene to outside databases

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Entrez Gene, ²UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ³HGNC, ⁴GAD, ⁵PharmGKB, ⁶HMDB, ⁷DrugBank, ⁸UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁹ Novoseek, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

PubMed articles for AK4 gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 25):
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with AK4)

Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
world of online information

Structure and expression of human mitochondrial adenylate kinase targeted to the mitochondrial matrix. (PubMed id 11485571)^{1, 3, 9} Noma T....Yoshinobu K. (2001)
Characterization of human adenylate kinase 3 (AK3) cDNA and mapping of the AK3 pseudogene to an intron of the NF1 gene. (PubMed id 1639383)^{1, 2, 9} Xu G.... White R. (1992)
Crystal structure of human adenylate kinase 4 (L171P) suggests the role of hinge region in protein domain motion. (PubMed id 19073142)^{1, 2} Liu R....Gong W. (2009)
The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)^{1, 2} Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
Identification of a novel adenylate kinase system in the brain: cloning of the fourth adenylate kinase. (PubMed id 9813319)^{1, 9} Yoneda T....Takagi H. (1998)
Cloning and functional characterization of the promoter region of the gene encoding human adenylate kinase isozyme 3. (PubMed id 10544043)^{1, 9} Noma T....Nakazawa A. (1999)
Adenylate kinase-4 is a marker of poor clinical outcom es that promotes metastasis of lung cancer by downregulating the transcription f actor ATF3. (PubMed id 23002211)¹ Jan Y.H....Hsiao M. (2012)
Initial characterization of the human central proteome. (PubMed id 21269460)² Burkard T.R.... Colinge J. (2011)
A directed protein interaction network for investigat ing intracellular signal transduction. (PubMed id 21900206)¹ Vinayagam A....Wanker E.E. (2011)
Interactions of pathological hallmark proteins: tubul in polymerization promoting protein/p25, beta-amyloid, and alpha-synuclein. (PubMed id 21832049)¹ OlA!h J....OvA!di J. (2011)

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(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
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Entrez Gene: 205	HGNC: 363	AceView: AK3	Ensembl:ENSG00000162433	euGenes: HUgn205
ECgene: AK4	Kegg: 205	H-InvDB: AK4

(According to HUGE)
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(According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
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Name	Description
PharmGKB entry for AK4	Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways

Intellectual Property for AK4 gene
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Patent Information for AK4 gene:
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GeneCards and IP:
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