Aliases for AFG3L2 Gene
Aliases for AFG3L2 Gene
- AFG3 Like Matrix AAA Peptidase Subunit 2 2 3 5
- Paraplegin-Like Protein 3 4
- AFG3 Like AAA ATPase 2 2 3
- AFG3 ATPase Family Member 3-Like 2 (S. Cerevisiae) 2
- AFG3 (ATPase Family Gene 3, Yeast)-Like 2 2
- AFG3 ATPase Family Member 3-Like 2 3
- AFG3 ATPase Family Gene 3-Like 2 3
- ATPase Family Gene 3, Yeast 3
External Ids for AFG3L2 Gene
- HGNC: 315
- Entrez Gene: 10939
- Ensembl: ENSG00000141385
- OMIM: 604581
- UniProtKB: Q9Y4W6
Previous HGNC Symbols for AFG3L2 Gene
- SCA28
Previous GeneCards Identifiers for AFG3L2 Gene
- GC18P012541
- GC18M012385
- GC18M012319
- GC18M012282
Summaries for AFG3L2 Gene
-
This gene encodes a protein localized in mitochondria and closely related to paraplegin. The paraplegin gene is responsible for an autosomal recessive form of hereditary spastic paraplegia. This gene is a candidate gene for other hereditary spastic paraplegias or neurodegenerative disorders. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
GeneCards Summary for AFG3L2 Gene
AFG3L2 (AFG3 Like Matrix AAA Peptidase Subunit 2) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with AFG3L2 include Spinocerebellar Ataxia 28 and Ataxia, Spastic, 5, Autosomal Recessive. GO annotations related to this gene include metalloendopeptidase activity and unfolded protein binding.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for AFG3L2 Gene
-
ATP-dependent protease which is essential for axonal and neuron development. In neurons, mediates degradation of SMDT1/EMRE before its assembly with the uniporter complex, limiting the availability of SMDT1/EMRE for MCU assembly and promoting efficient assembly of gatekeeper subunits with MCU.
No data available for CIViC summary , Tocris Summary , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , fRNAdb sequence ontologies and piRNA Summary for AFG3L2 Gene
Genomics for AFG3L2 Gene
Regulatory Elements for AFG3L2 Gene
Regulatory Element Products
Genomic Location for AFG3L2 Gene
- Chromosome:
- 18
- Start:
- 12,328,944 bp from pter
- End:
- 12,377,314 bp from pter
- Size:
- 48,371 bases
- Orientation:
- Minus strand
Genomic View for AFG3L2 Gene
- Cytogenetic band:
-
- 18p11.21 by Ensembl
- 18p11.21 by Entrez Gene
- 18p11.21 by HGNC
Genomic Neighborhood
• Exon Structure
• Gene Density
RefSeq DNA sequence for AFG3L2 Gene
Proteins for AFG3L2 Gene
-
Protein details for AFG3L2 Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
- Protein Symbol:
- Q9Y4W6-AFG32_HUMAN
- Recommended name:
- AFG3-like protein 2
- Protein Accession:
- Q9Y4W6
- Q6P1L0
Protein attributes for AFG3L2 Gene
- Size:
- 797 amino acids
- Molecular mass:
- 88584 Da
- Cofactor:
- Name=Zn(2+); Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:29105;
- Quaternary structure:
-
- Homooligomer (PubMed:17101804). Interacts with SPG7; the interaction is required for the efficient assembly of mitochondrial complex I (PubMed:14623864). Interacts with MAIP1 (PubMed:27499296, PubMed:27642048).
Protein Expression for AFG3L2 Gene
Selected DME Specific Peptides for AFG3L2 Gene
- Q9Y4W6:
-
- GGLFSVGETTAK
- AGEANVPF
- VWFNIGSVDTFERNLE
- SIFKVHLRPLKLD
- LGYAQYLP
- GHAVAGW
- LVEMDGF
- FIDEIDAVG
- VDRLEVVNK
- AYHEAGH
- TLNQLLVE
- EMFVGVG
- PDILDPAL
- GAKIPKG
- HFEQAIERV
- GRVSEEIFFG
- GAQDDLRKVT
- TPGFSGA
- DPLLKVSIIPR
- GGQSEQENTLNQ
- ALLRPGRFDR
- EKPYSEATA
Post-translational modifications for AFG3L2 Gene
Other Protein References for AFG3L2 Gene
- ENSEMBL proteins:
- REFSEQ proteins:
Antibody Products
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Protein Products
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Assay Products
- antibodies-online Kits for AFG3L2: See all 4
Domains & Families for AFG3L2 Gene
Gene Families for AFG3L2 Gene
- HGNC:
Protein Domains for AFG3L2 Gene
- InterPro:
- Blocks:
- ProtoNet:
Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for AFG3L2 Gene
- GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry
Q9Y4W6- Family:
-
- In the N-terminal section; belongs to the AAA ATPase family.
- In the C-terminal section; belongs to the peptidase M41 family.
Function for AFG3L2 Gene
Molecular function for AFG3L2 Gene
- GENATLAS Biochemistry:
- ATPases yeast AFG3 and RCA1 gene homolog,family gene 3-like 2,paraplegin related gene,highly expressed in heart and skeletal muscle
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
- ATP-dependent protease which is essential for axonal and neuron development. In neurons, mediates degradation of SMDT1/EMRE before its assembly with the uniporter complex, limiting the availability of SMDT1/EMRE for MCU assembly and promoting efficient assembly of gatekeeper subunits with MCU.
Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) for AFG3L2 Gene
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0004222 | metalloendopeptidase activity | IEA | -- |
| GO:0005515 | protein binding | IPI | 14623864 |
| GO:0005524 | ATP binding | IEA | -- |
| GO:0008233 | peptidase activity | IEA | -- |
| GO:0008237 | metallopeptidase activity | IMP | 27642048 |
Phenotypes for AFG3L2 Gene
- MGI mutant phenotypes for AFG3L2:
-
inferred from 3 alleles
- mortality/aging
- cellular phenotype
- behavior/neurological phenotype
- growth/size/body region phenotype
- immune system phenotype
- muscle phenotype
- nervous system phenotype
- integument phenotype
- embryo phenotype
- pigmentation phenotype
- hematopoietic system phenotype
- liver/biliary system phenotype
- adipose tissue phenotype
- GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for AFG3L2:
-
- Increased vaccinia virus (VACV) infection
- Negative genetic interaction between MUS81-/- and MUS81+/+
- shRNA abundance <= 50%
- Mildly decreased CFP-tsO45G cell surface transport
- Decreased shRNA abundance (Z-score < -2)
- Decreased NF-kappaB reporter expression
- Increased transferrin (TF) endocytosis
- Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)
- Decreased homologous recombination repair frequency
- Increased viability with MLN4924 (a NAE inhibitor)
- Decreased HIV-1 infection
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miRNA for AFG3L2 Gene
- miRTarBase miRNAs that target AFG3L2
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- Mammalian expression: PiggyBac
- Mammalian Tet-on expression: plasmid
- Mammalian conditional (Cre-Lox): plasmid and PiggyBac
- Mammalian shRNA knockdown: lentiviral, adenoviral, AAV, and PiggyBac
- CRISPR: plasmid gRNA, lentiviral gRNA, and donor plasmid
- Bacterial expression: pET, pBAD, and pCS
- Yeast expression
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Flow Cytometry Products
No data available for Animal Models , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for AFG3L2 Gene
Localization for AFG3L2 Gene
Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for AFG3L2 Gene
- Mitochondrion membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005739 | mitochondrion | TAS,IDA | -- |
| GO:0005743 | mitochondrial inner membrane | TAS,IEA | -- |
| GO:0005745 | m-AAA complex | IEA | -- |
| GO:0016020 | membrane | IEA | -- |
| GO:0016021 | integral component of membrane | IEA | -- |
Pathways & Interactions for AFG3L2 Gene
Interacting Proteins for AFG3L2 Gene
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0006508 | proteolysis | IEA,IMP | 27642048 |
| GO:0006851 | mitochondrial calcium ion transport | TAS | -- |
| GO:0007005 | mitochondrion organization | IEA | -- |
| GO:0007409 | axonogenesis | IMP | 27642048 |
| GO:0007528 | neuromuscular junction development | IEA | -- |
No data available for Pathways by source and SIGNOR curated interactions for AFG3L2 Gene
Drugs & Compounds for AFG3L2 Gene
| Name | Status | Disease Links | Group | Role | Mechanism of Action | Clinical Trials |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adenosine triphosphate | Approved | Nutra | Target | 0 |
Transcripts for AFG3L2 Gene
mRNA/cDNA for AFG3L2 Gene
- (2) REFSEQ mRNAs :
- (5) Additional mRNA sequences :
- (294) Selected AceView cDNA sequences:
- (4) Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant :
Unigene Clusters for AFG3L2 Gene
CRISPR Products
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-
VectorBuilder Other custom vectors
- Mammalian expression: PiggyBac
- Mammalian Tet-on expression: plasmid
- Mammalian conditional (Cre-Lox): plasmid and PiggyBac
- Mammalian shRNA knockdown: lentiviral, adenoviral, AAV, and PiggyBac
- CRISPR: plasmid gRNA, lentiviral gRNA, and donor plasmid
- Bacterial expression: pET, pBAD, and pCS
- Yeast expression
Flow Cytometry Products
| ExUns: | 1a | · | 1b | ^ | 2 | ^ | 3 | ^ | 4 | ^ | 5 | ^ | 6 | ^ | 7 | ^ | 8a | · | 8b | ^ | 9 | ^ | 10 | ^ | 11 | ^ | 12 | ^ | 13a | · | 13b | ^ | 14a | · | 14b | ^ | 15 | ^ | 16 | ^ | 17a | · | 17b |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SP1: | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP2: | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP3: | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP4: | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP5: |
Expression for AFG3L2 Gene
mRNA differential expression in normal tissues according to GTEx for AFG3L2 Gene
Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB, PaxDb, MaxQB, and MOPED for AFG3L2 Gene
NURSA nuclear receptor signaling pathways regulating expression of AFG3L2 Gene:
AFG3L2SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for AFG3L2 Gene:
Hs.726355mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt for AFG3L2 Gene:
Q9Y4W6-AFG32_HUMANEvidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for AFG3L2 Gene
- Eye(4.5)
- Liver(4.3)
- Nervous system(4.1)
- Skin(2.8)
- Muscle(2)
Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for AFG3L2 Gene
- ectoderm
- endoderm
- mesoderm
- digestive
- integumentary
- nervous
- skeletal muscle
- skeleton
- brain
- cerebellum
- cranial nerve
- eye
- eyelid
- face
- head
- mouth
- pharynx
- esophagus
- stomach
- foot
- lower limb
- upper limb
- peripheral nerve
- peripheral nervous system
- skin
- spinal cord
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OriGene qPCR primer pairs for AFG3L2
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OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for AFG3L2
No data available for mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery for AFG3L2 Gene
Orthologs for AFG3L2 Gene
This gene was present in the common ancestor of eukaryotes.
| Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | AFG3L2 34 35 |
|
||
| dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | AFG3L2 34 35 |
|
||
| platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | AFG3L2 35 |
|
OneToOne | |
| oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | AFG3L2 35 |
|
OneToOne | |
| rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Afg3l2 34 |
|
||
| cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | AFG3L2 34 35 |
|
||
| mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Afg3l2 34 16 35 |
|
||
| chicken (Gallus gallus) |
Aves | AFG3L2 34 35 |
|
||
| lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | AFG3L2 35 |
|
OneToOne | |
| tropical clawed frog (Silurana tropicalis) |
Amphibia | afg3l2 34 |
|
||
| zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | afg3l2 34 35 |
|
||
| Dr.14054 34 |
|
||||
| rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) |
Actinopterygii | Omy.10435 34 |
|
||
| fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) |
Insecta | CG6512 36 34 35 |
|
||
| African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae) |
Insecta | AgaP_AGAP006949 34 |
|
||
| worm (Caenorhabditis elegans) |
Secernentea | spg-7 34 35 |
|
||
| Y47C4A.1 36 35 |
|
||||
| Y108F1.1 35 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| Y73B3A.21 35 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) |
Saccharomycetes | AFG3 34 |
|
||
| YTA12 35 37 |
|
OneToOne | |||
| A. gosspyii yeast (Ashbya gossypii) |
Saccharomycetes | AGOS_AAR025C 34 |
|
||
| thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana) |
eudicotyledons | ftsh10 34 |
|
||
| Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera) |
eudicotyledons | Vvi.7456 34 |
|
||
| rice (Oryza sativa) |
Liliopsida | Os01g0842600 34 |
|
||
| barley (Hordeum vulgare) |
Liliopsida | Hv.4858 34 |
|
||
| wheat (Triticum aestivum) |
Liliopsida | Ta.1329 34 |
|
||
| corn (Zea mays) |
Liliopsida | Zm.5595 34 |
|
||
| sea squirt (Ciona savignyi) |
Ascidiacea | -- 35 |
|
OneToOne |
- Species where no ortholog for AFG3L2 was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
-
- Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)
- alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
- amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
- Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
- beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
- bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
- Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
- common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
- E. coli (Escherichia coli)
- filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
- Firmicute bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
- green algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
- honey bee (Apis mellifera)
- K. lactis yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
- loblloly pine (Pinus taeda)
- malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
- medicago trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
- moss (Physcomitrella patens)
- orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
- pig (Sus scrofa)
- rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
- schistosome parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
- sea anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
- sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
- sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
- soybean (Glycine max)
- stem rust fungus (Puccinia graminis)
- sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
- tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
- toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
- Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
Paralogs for AFG3L2 Gene
(13) SIMAP similar genes for AFG3L2 Gene using alignment to 3 proteins:
Pseudogenes.org Pseudogenes for AFG3L2 Gene
No data available for Paralogs for AFG3L2 Gene
Variants for AFG3L2 Gene
| SNP ID | Clin | Chr 18 pos | Sequence Context | AA Info | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs151344512 | Pathogenic, Spinocerebellar ataxia 28 (SCA28) [MIM:610246] | 12,353,028(-) | ACTCA(A/C)CCAGC | reference, missense | |
| rs151344513 | Pathogenic, Spinocerebellar ataxia 28 (SCA28) [MIM:610246] | 12,340,220(-) | AGTAA(C/T)TCAGA | intron-variant, reference, missense | |
| rs151344514 | Pathogenic, Spinocerebellar ataxia 28 (SCA28) [MIM:610246] | 12,337,520(-) | TTGGC(A/G/T)TGAAT | upstream-variant-2KB, reference, missense | |
| rs151344515 | Pathogenic, Spinocerebellar ataxia 28 (SCA28) [MIM:610246], Spinocerebellar ataxia 28 (SCA28) [MIM:610246] | 12,337,519(-) | TGGCA(C/G/T)GAATG | upstream-variant-2KB, reference, missense | |
| rs151344517 | Pathogenic, Spinocerebellar ataxia 28 (SCA28) [MIM:610246] | 12,337,505(-) | AGGTT(A/G)GGCAA | upstream-variant-2KB, reference, missense |
| Variant ID | Type | Subtype | PubMed ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| esv2758714 | CNV | loss | 17122850 |
| esv3641836 | CNV | loss | 21293372 |
| nsv1060808 | CNV | gain | 25217958 |
| nsv1063125 | CNV | loss | 25217958 |
| nsv576496 | CNV | gain | 21841781 |
| nsv819744 | CNV | loss | 19587683 |
Relevant External Links for AFG3L2 Gene
No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for AFG3L2 Gene
Disorders for AFG3L2 Gene
(10) MalaCards diseases for AFG3L2 Gene - From: OMIM, ClinVar, GeneTests, Orphanet, Swiss-Prot, DISEASES, and GeneCards
| Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|
| spinocerebellar ataxia 28 |
|
|
| ataxia, spastic, 5, autosomal recessive |
|
|
| spastic ataxia 5 |
|
|
| spinocerebellar ataxia type28 |
|
|
| spastic ataxia |
|
|
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
AFG32_HUMAN- Spastic ataxia 5, autosomal recessive (SPAX5) [MIM:614487]: A neurodegenerative disorder characterized by early onset spasticity, peripheral neuropathy, ptosis, oculomotor apraxia, dystonia, cerebellar atrophy, and progressive myoclonic epilepsy. {ECO:0000269 PubMed:22022284}. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
- Spinocerebellar ataxia 28 (SCA28) [MIM:610246]: Spinocerebellar ataxia is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of cerebellar disorders. Patients show progressive incoordination of gait and often poor coordination of hands, speech and eye movements, due to degeneration of the cerebellum with variable involvement of the brainstem and spinal cord. SCA28 is an autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia (ADCA) with a slow progressive course and no evidence of sensory involvement or cognitive impairment. {ECO:0000269 PubMed:20208537, ECO:0000269 PubMed:20354562, ECO:0000269 PubMed:20725928, ECO:0000269 PubMed:24293060, ECO:0000269 PubMed:26677414}. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Relevant External Links for AFG3L2
No data available for Genatlas for AFG3L2 Gene
Publications for AFG3L2 Gene
- Identification and characterization of AFG3L2, a novel paraplegin- related gene. (PMID: 10395799) Banfi S. … Franco B. (Genomics 1999) 2 3 4 22 64
- Loss of m-AAA protease in mitochondria causes complex I deficiency and increased sensitivity to oxidative stress in hereditary spastic paraplegia. (PMID: 14623864) Atorino L. … Casari G. (J. Cell Biol. 2003) 3 4 22 64
- Mitochondrial Protein Interaction Mapping Identifies Regulators of Respiratory Chain Function. (PMID: 27499296) Floyd B.J. … Pagliarini D.J. (Mol. Cell 2016) 3 4 64
- The m-AAA protease associated with neurodegeneration limits MCU activity in mitochondria. (PMID: 27642048) Koenig T. … Langer T. (Mol. Cell 2016) 3 4 64
- A Novel Missense Mutation in AFG3L2 Associated with Late Onset and Slow Progression of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 28. (PMID: 24293060) LAPbbe A.M. … Nolte D. (J. Mol. Neurosci. 2013) 3 4 64
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- ViGene Biosciences adenoviral particle packaged cDNA for AFG3L2 gene
- ViGene Biosciences lentiviral particle packaged cDNA for AFG3L2 gene
- ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for AFG3L2 gene
- Search ViGene Biosciences for AFG3L2
- Cyagen custom Knockout/knockin (KOKI) mouse models for AFG3L2
- VectorBuilder custom plasmid, inducible vectors for AFG3L2
- VectorBuilder custom lentivirus, adenovirus, AAV vector/virus packaging for AFG3L2
- VectorBuilder Other custom vectors
- Mammalian expression: PiggyBac
- Mammalian Tet-on expression: plasmid
- Mammalian conditional (Cre-Lox): plasmid and PiggyBac
- Mammalian shRNA knockdown: lentiviral, adenoviral, AAV, and PiggyBac
- CRISPR: plasmid gRNA, lentiviral gRNA, and donor plasmid
- Bacterial expression: pET, pBAD, and pCS
- Yeast expression
Sources for AFG3L2 Gene
- (1) GeneCards
- (2) HGNC
- (3) EntrezGene
- (4) Swiss-Prot
- (5) Ensembl
- (6) OMIM
- (7) GeneLoc
- (8) Gene Wiki
- (9) UCSC
- (10) PhosphoSitePlus
- (11) GO
- (12) TrEMBL
- (13) InterPro
- (14) ProtoNet
- (15) Blocks
- (16) MGI
- (17) IUBMB
- (18) KEGG
- (19) MINT
- (20) STRING
- (21) IntAct
- (22) Novoseek
- (23) PharmGKB
- (24) DrugBank
- (25) HMDB
- (26) UniGene
- (27) AceView
- (28) RNAdb
- (29) ASD
- (30) ECgene
- (31) GeneAnnot
- (32) CGAP SAGE
- (33) SOURCE
- (34) HomoloGene
- (35) PanEnsembl
- (36) euGenes
- (37) SGD
- (38) FlyBase
- (39) WormBase
- (40) Pseudogene
- (41) DGV
- (42) dbSNP
- (43) GenAtlas
- (44) GeneTests
- (45) HGMD
- (46) GAD
- (47) LSDB
- (48) BGMUT
- (49) HuGE
- (50) eBioscience
- (51) Atlas
- (52) Cell Signaling Technology
- (53) GenBank
- (54) H-invDB
- (55) HORDE
- (56) HUGE
- (57) IMGT
- (58) Leiden
- (59) MILLIPORE
- (60) miRBase
- (61) DME
- (62) NCBI
- (63) OriGene
- (64) PubMed
- (65) R&D Systems
- (66) TGDB
- (67) Tocris
- (68) Abcam
- (69) Novus
- (70) ProSpec
- (71) Sino Biological
- (72) GenScript
- (73) Qiagen
- (74) Cloud-Clone Corp.
- (75) Enzo Life Sciences
- (76) OCA
- (77) Proteopedia
- (78) MOPED
- (79) SPIRE
- (80) neXtProt
- (81) Reactome
- (82) GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)
- (83) fRNAdb
- (84) DISEASES
- (85) SIMAP
- (86) GenomeRNAi
- (87) LifeMap
- (88) miRTarBase
- (89) MalaCards
- (90) Invitrogen
- (91) BitterDB
- (92) Vector BioLabs
- (93) ESI-BIO
- (94) RefSeq
- (95) BioSystems
- (96) MaxQB
- (97) IUPHAR
- (98) BioGPS
- (99) Illumina
- (100) COMPARTMENTS
- (101) HOMER
- (102) PaxDb
- (103) ApexBio
- (104) Addgene
- (105) antibodies-online
- (106) CYP
- (107) NONCODE
- (108) SwitchGear Genomics
- (109) TreeFam
- (110) PathCards
- (111) GeneReviews
- (112) GeneTex
- (113) Taconic Biosciences
- (114) GTEx
- (115) ProteomicsDB
- (116) SCBT
- (117) DGIdb
- (118) ClinicalTrials
- (119) FDA Approved Drugs
- (120) RVIS
- (121) SIGNOR
- (122) diseasecard
- (123) NIH Rare Diseases
- (124) Orphanet
- (125) UMLS
- (126) GTR
- (127) Disease Ontology
- (128) Genetics Home Reference
- (129) MeSH
- (130) MedlinePlus
- (131) CDC
- (132) NINDS
- (133) NCBI Bookshelf
- (134) ClinVar
- (135) Gene Damage Index
- (136) ViGene Biosciences
- (137) HPO
- (138) UDN
- (139) VISTA
- (140) FANTOM5
- (141) ENCODE
- (142) ProSci
- (143) Horizon
- (144) NURSA
- (145) IID
- (146) Cyagen
- (147) VectorBuilder
- (148) SNPedia
- (149) BRCA Exchange
- (150) St John's Lab
- (151) CIViC
- (152) ProteoGenix
- (153) dbSUPER
- (154) TISSUES
- (155) Gene ORGANizer




