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Category Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21

GIFtS
-

ACTB Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 70
GCID: GC07M005566

actin, beta

Explore 35 diseases affiliated with
ACTB via

MalaCards

our new
Human Malady Compendium

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
Actin, Beta¹ ²		Beta Cytoskeletal Actin²
BRWS1²		PS1TP5-Binding Protein 1²
PS1TP5BP1²		Beta-Actin¹
Actin, Cytoplasmic 1²

External Ids:	HGNC: 132¹	Entrez Gene: 60²	Ensembl: ENSG00000075624⁷	OMIM: 102630⁵	UniProtKB: P60709³

Export aliases for ACTB gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC07M005211 GC07M005311 GC07M005340 GC07M005533 GC07M005479

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for ACTB:

This gene encodes one of six different actin proteins. Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in cell

motility, structure, and integrity. This actin is a major constituent of the contractile apparatus and one of the two

nonmuscle cytoskeletal actins. (provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: ACTB_HUMAN, P60709

Function: Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and are ubiquitously

expressed in all eukaryotic cells

summary for ACTB:

Actin is a ubiquitous globular protein that is one of the most highly-conserved proteins known. It is found

in two main states; G-actin is the globular monomeric form, whereas F-actin forms helical polymers. Both G-

and F-actin are intrinsically flexible structures - a feature vital in actin's role as a dynamic filament

network. Actin has four major functions. Firstly, F-actin polymers form microfilaments - polar intracellular

'tracks' for kinesin motor proteins, allowing the transport of vesicles, organelles and other cargo. Actin

is a component of the cytoskeleton and links to alpha-actinin, E-cadherin and beta-catenin at adherens

junctions. This gives mechanical support to cells and attaches them to each other and the extracellular

matrix. In muscle cells, actin-rich thin filaments associate with myosin-rich thick filaments to form

actomyosin myofibrils. Using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP, myofibrils undergo cyclic shortening through

actin-myosin head interactions, which represents the mechanics of muscle contraction. Finally, actin has a

role in cell motility through polymerization and depolymerization of fibrils.

Gene Wiki entry for ACTB (Beta-actin)

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000007.13 NC_018918.1 NT_007819.17 NT_079592.2

Regulatory elements:

SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the ACTB gene promoter:
SRF STAT1 Sp1 p53 AP-1 SRF (504 AA) ATF-2 c-Jun
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmids (see all 4): ACTB promoter sequence

Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for ACTB

Epigenetics:

QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat ACTB

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 7p22 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 7p22.1 HGNC cytogenetic band: 7p22

ACTB Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
ACTB gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 7 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC07M005566: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	5,566,779 bp from pter	End:	5,603,415 bp from pter
Size:	36,637 bases	Orientation:	minus strand

1 alternative location:

Chr7-,CRA_TCAG 5,613,124-5,616,577

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to ²PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: ACTB_HUMAN, P60709 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Actin, cytoplasmic 1

Size: 375 amino acids; 41737 Da

Subunit: Polymerization of globular actin (G-actin) leads to a structural filament (F-actin) in the form of a

two-stranded helix. Each actin can bind to 4 others. Identified in a mRNP granule complex, at least composed of ACTB,

ACTN4, DHX9, ERG, HNRNPA1, HNRNPA2B1, HNRNPAB, HNRNPD, HNRNPL, HNRNPR, HNRNPU, HSPA1, HSPA8, IGF2BP1, ILF2, ILF3,

NCBP1, NCL, PABPC1, PABPC4, PABPN1, RPLP0, RPS3, RPS3A, RPS4X, RPS8, RPS9, SYNCRIP, TROVE2, YBX1 and untranslated

mRNAs. Component of the BAF complex, which includes at least actin (ACTB), ARID1A, ARID1B/BAF250, SMARCA2,

SMARCA4/BRG1, ACTL6A/BAF53, ACTL6B/BAF53B, SMARCE1/BAF57 SMARCC1/BAF155, SMARCC2/BAF170, SMARCB1/SNF5/INI1, and one or

more of SMARCD1/BAF60A, SMARCD2/BAF60B, or SMARCD3/BAF60C. In muscle cells, the BAF complex also contains DPF3. Found

in a complex with XPO6, Ran, ACTB and PFN1. Component of the MLL5-L complex, at least composed of MLL5, STK38, PPP1CA,

PPP1CB, PPP1CC, HCFC1, ACTB and OGT. Interacts with XPO6 and EMD. Interacts with ERBB2. Interacts with GCSAM

Subcellular location: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton. Note=Localized in cytoplasmic mRNP granules containing untranslated

mRNAs

Miscellaneous: In vertebrates 3 main groups of actin isoforms, alpha, beta and gamma have been identified. The alpha

actins are found in muscle tissues and are a major constituent of the contractile apparatus. The beta and gamma actins

coexist in most cell types as components of the cytoskeleton and as mediators of internal cell motility

3 PDB 3D structures from and Proteopedia for ACTB:

3BYH (3D)

3D2U (3D)

3LUE (3D)

Secondary accessions: P02570 P70514 P99021 Q11211 Q64316 Q75MN2 Q96B34 Q96HG5

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for ACTB: NX_P60709

Post-translational modifications:

ISGylated¹

Oxidation of Met-44 by MICALs (MICAL1, MICAL2 or MICAL3) to form methionine sulfoxide promotes actin filament

depolymerization. Methionine sulfoxide is produced stereospecifically, but it is not known whether the (S)-S-oxide or

the (R)-S-oxide is produced (By similarity)¹

View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus²

View neXtProt modification sites for NX_P60709

ACTB Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb: About this image

REFSEQ proteins: NP_001092.1

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000349960 ENSP00000409264 ENSP00000407473 ENSP00000393951 ENSP00000399487

ENSP00000401032

Reactome Protein details: P60709
Human Recombinant Protein Products:

	Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at EMD Millipore
	Browse R&D Systems for human recombinant proteins
	Browse recombinant and purified proteins available from Enzo Life Sciences
	OriGene Purified Protein: ACTB OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysate: ACTB OriGene Custom Protein Services for ACTB
	GenScript Custom Purified and Recombinant Proteins Services for ACTB
	Novus Biologicals ACTB Proteins Novus Biologicals ACTB Lysates
	Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
	Browse ProSpec Recombinant Proteins
	Browse Proteins at Uscn

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/14 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 14): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005625	soluble fraction	--	--
GO:0005737	cytoplasm	TAS	16130169
GO:0005829	cytosol	TAS	--
GO:0005856	cytoskeleton	TAS	16130169
GO:0014069	postsynaptic density	IEA	--

ACTB for ontologies About GeneDecksing

ACTB Antibody Products:

	EMD Millipore Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies for the study of ACTB
	Browse R&D Systems for Antibodies
	Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Antibodies for ACTB
	OriGene Antibodies (see all 7): ACTB OriGene Custom Antibody Services for ACTB
	GenScript Custom Superior Antibodies Services for ACTB
	Novus Biologicals ACTB Antibodies
	Abcam antibodies for ACTB
	Browse Antibodies at Uscn
	ThermoFisher Antibodies for ACTB

Assay Products for ACTB:

	Browse Kits and Assays available from EMD Millipore
	OriGene Custom Immunoassay Development Browse OriGene Fluorogenic Cell Assay Kits
	Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
	GenScript Custom Assay Services for ACTB
	Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Sandwich ELISA Kits for ACTB
	Browse Enzo Life Sciences for kits & assays
	Browse ELISAs and CLIAs at Uscn

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

ACTB for domains About GeneDecksing

3 InterPro domains/families:

IPR004001 Actin_CS

IPR004000 Actin-related

IPR020902 Actin/actin-like_CS

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P60709

ProtoNet protein and cluster: P60709

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: ACTB_HUMAN, P60709

Similarity: Belongs to the actin family

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Function Summary:

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: ACTB_HUMAN, P60709

Function: Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and are ubiquitously

expressed in all eukaryotic cells

Genatlas biochemistry entry for ACTB:

actin,beta,cytoplasmic,major constituent of microfilaments

miRNA Products:		OriGene 3'-UTR Clone: ACTB Browse MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat ACTB
		7 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate ACTB:
		hsa-miR-3673 hsa-miR-4325 hsa-miR-4328 hsa-let-7g* hsa-miR-145 hsa-let-7a-2* hsa-miR-192*
		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: ACTB 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
		OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for ACTB (see all 3) OriGene siRNA: ACTB
		QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat ACTB

Gene Editing
Products:

DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for ACTB

Clone Products:		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from EMD Millipore
		OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for ACTB (see all 3) OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for ACTB OriGene custom cloning services � gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector: ACTB (NM_001101)
		Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for ACTB
		DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for ACTB
		Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat ACTB

Cell Line Products:		GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for ACTB
		Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for ACTB

In Situ Assay
Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for ACTB

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/7 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 7): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005200	structural constituent of cytoskeleton	TAS	6202424
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI	--
GO:0005524	ATP binding	IEA	--
GO:0019894	kinesin binding	IPI	18680169
GO:0019901	protein kinase binding	IEA	--

ACTB for ontologies About GeneDecksing

3 GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for ACTB:

Decreased focal adhesion (FA)

Decreased homologous recombina

Weaker migration

Animal Models:
Mouse knock-out Actb^tm1Bhr for ACTB
15/17 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 13 alleles) (MGI details for Actb) (see all 17):

adipose tissue	behavior/neurological	cardiovascular system	embryogenesis	endocrine/exocrine gland
growth/size	hearing/vestibular/ear	homeostasis/metabolism	liver/biliary system	mortality/aging
muscle	nervous system	no phenotypic analysis	normal	reproductive system

ACTB for phenotypes About GeneDecksing

(Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, ³I2D, and/or ⁴STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
About This Section

Unified GeneCards pathways - 5/81 super-pathways (see all 81) About this table

See pathways by source

Super-pathway

contained gene-specific pathways

Cell adhesion_Integrin-mediated cell adhesion and migration

8/10 pathways (see all 10)
Cell adhesion_Integrin-mediated cell adhesion and migration	1.00	Cytoskeleton remodeling Integrin outside-in signaling	0.37
Cell adhesion Integrin-mediated cell adhesion and migration	1.00	Cytoskeleton remodeling Fibronectin-binding integrins in cell motility	0.32
Cytoskeleton remodeling_Regulation of actin cytoskeleton by Rho GTPases	0.49	Cytoskeleton remodeling_Fibronectin-binding integrins in cell motility	0.32
Cytoskeleton remodeling Regulation of actin cytoskeleton by Rho GTPases	0.49	Cell adhesion_Endothelial cell contacts by non-junctional mechanisms	0.21

G-protein signaling_RAC1 in cellular process

	G-protein signaling_RAC1 in cellular process	1.00			Cytoskeleton remodeling_CDC42 in cellular processes	0.37
	G-protein signaling RAC1 in cellular process	1.00			Cytoskeleton remodeling CDC42 in cellular processes	0.37

Cell-cell junction organization

	Cell-cell junction organization	1.00			Adherens junctions interactions	0.51
	Cell junction organization	0.69			Cell-Cell communication	0.45

Regulation of actin dynamics for phagocytic cup formation

	Regulation of actin dynamics for phagocytic cup formation	1.00			Fcgamma receptor (FCGR) dependent phagocytosis	0.80
	Role of myosins in phagosome formation	0.80			Branching and elongation of mother and daughter filaments	0.29

Axon guidance

	Axon guidance	1.00			L1CAM interactions	0.39
	Developmental Biology	0.69			Recycling pathway of L1	0.15

Pathway sources
See GeneCards unified pathways
Show all pathways

5/28 EMD Millipore Pathways for ACTB (see all 28)

	Cytoskeleton remodeling Role of PKA in cytoskeleton reorganisation
	Immune response CD16 signaling in NK cells
	Immune response Role of DAP12 receptors in NK cells
	Cytoplasmic microtubules
	Immune response CCR3 signaling in eosinophils

5/43 Downloadable PowerPoint Slides of QIAGEN Pathway Central Maps for ACTB (see all 43)

	RhoA Pathway
	Paxillin Interactions
	Antioxidant Action of Vitamin-C
	Tec Kinases Signaling
	ITK and TCR Signaling

1 Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Pathway for ACTB

Cytoskeletal Signaling

5/30 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) Pathways for ACTB (see all 30)

	Immune response CD16 signaling in NK cells
	Cytoskeleton remodeling Role of PKA in cytoskeleton reorganisation
	Cell adhesion Endothelial cell contacts by non-junctional mechanisms
	Cytoskeleton remodeling Keratin filaments
	Development Slit-Robo signaling

5 BioSystems Pathways for ACTB

	Focal Adhesion
	Myometrial Relaxation and Contraction Pathways
	Regulation of Actin Cytoskeleton
	Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
	Pathogenic Escherichia coli infection

5/32 Reactome Pathways for ACTB (see all 32)

	L1CAM interactions
	Membrane Trafficking
	Formation of annular gap junctions
	Protein folding
	Gap junction trafficking and regulation

5/16 Kegg Pathways (Kegg details for ACTB) (see all 16):

	Phagosome
	Focal adhesion
	Adherens junction
	Tight junction
	Leukocyte transendothelial migration

ACTB for pathways About GeneDecksing

Interactions:

SABiosciences Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for ACTB

STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 25)

5/1433 Interacting proteins for ACTB (P60709^{1, 2, 3} ENSP00000349960⁴) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 1433)

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
HIST1H4A	P62805²^,³	MINT-7899812 MINT-7900157 I2D: score=2
HIST1H4B	P62805²^,³	MINT-7899812 MINT-7900157 I2D: score=2
HIST1H4C	P62805²^,³	MINT-7899812 MINT-7900157 I2D: score=2
HIST1H4D	P62805²^,³	MINT-7899812 MINT-7900157 I2D: score=2
HIST1H4E	P62805²^,³	MINT-7899812 MINT-7900157 I2D: score=2

About this table

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/12 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 12): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0006457	protein folding	TAS	--
GO:0006928	cellular component movement	TAS	16130169
GO:0007409	axonogenesis	--	--
GO:0007411	axon guidance	TAS	--
GO:0007596	blood coagulation	TAS	--

ACTB for ontologies About GeneDecksing

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
About This Section

ACTB for compounds About GeneDecksing

Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Compounds for ACTB available from Tocris Bioscience About this table

Compound	Action	CAS #
187-1, N-WASP inhibitor	Inhibits actin assembly	[380488-27-7]
Cytochalasin D	Disrupts actin filament function	[22144-77-0]
Thymosin beta4	Potent actin polymerization regulator	[77591-33-4]

1 Novoseek chemical compound relationship for ACTB gene About this table

Compound	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
actb	86.6	6	15111311 (4), 10344733 (1), 15555571 (1)

Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about ACTB

(Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
About This Section

REFSEQ mRNAs for ACTB gene:

NM_001101.3

Unigene Cluster for ACTB:

Actin, beta

Hs.520640 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: BM802936

13 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:

ENST00000464611 ENST00000331789(uc003sot.4) ENST00000425660(uc003soq.4)

ENST00000462494(uc003sor.4) ENST00000493945 ENST00000484841 ENST00000473257

ENST00000477812 ENST00000432588 ENST00000480301 ENST00000443528 ENST00000417101

ENST00000414620

miRNA Products:		OriGene 3'-UTR Clone: ACTB Browse OriGene MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat ACTB
		7 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate ACTB:
		hsa-miR-3673 hsa-miR-4325 hsa-miR-4328 hsa-let-7g* hsa-miR-145 hsa-let-7a-2* hsa-miR-192*
		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: ACTB 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
		OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for ACTB (see all 3) OriGene siRNA: ACTB
		QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat ACTB

Clone Products:		OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for ACTB (see all 3) OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for ACTB OriGene custom cloning services � gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector: ACTB (NM_001101)
		DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for ACTB
		Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat ACTB

Primer Products:		OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for ACTB Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
		SABiosciences RT² qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat ACTB
		QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat ACTB
		QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat ACTB

Additional cDNA sequence:

AK025375.1 AK058019.1 AK098751.1 AK130062.1 AK130157.1 AK222925.1 AK223032.1 AK223055.1

AK225414.1 AK301372.1 AK304552.1 AK308277.1 AK309997.1 AK316361.1 BC001301.1 BC002409.2

BC004251.1 BC008633.1 BC009636.1 BC012854.1 BC013380.2 BC013835.1 BC014401.1 BC014861.1

BC016045.1 BC023204.1 BC113036.1 DQ407611.1 DQ471327.1 EF036500.1 EF095209.1 HM358929.1

HM358941.1 M28424.1 V00478.1 X00351.1 X63432.1

24/503 DOTS entries (see all 503):

DT.92033793 DT.100750826 DT.98084087 DT.95351154 DT.100750758 DT.98083477 DT.100640118 DT.98083827

DT.97869763 DT.100648253 DT.100750378 DT.92033435 DT.100644965 DT.91922077 DT.100750915 DT.87018310

DT.100770618 DT.91704736 DT.100750938 DT.95277326 DT.100750321 DT.91852655 DT.95277435 DT.95277537

24/2230 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 2230):

AA310360 BM993666 BX410833 BU553276 CR595291 BM788006 CB131070 BQ063316

BM477040 BP340827 BQ677905 BC014401 BP373260 BG747299 BX432597 BM846467

BP355017 BM750427 BQ030174 BF725700 BM992735 BM837278 BX391400 BE042608

GeneLoc Exon Structure

5/10 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for ACTB (see all 10) About this scheme

ExUns:	1a	·	1b	^	2a	·	2b	·	2c	·	2d	^	3	^	4a	·	4b	·	4c	^	5a	·	5b	·	5c	·	5d	·	5e	·	5f	^	6a	·	6b	·	6c	^	7
SP1:					-		-												-		-
SP2:					-		-						-		-				-		-
SP3:					-		-		-		-								-		-
SP4:					-														-		-
SP5:					-		-												-		-		-

ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for ACTB

(RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
About This Section

ACTB expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS
CGAP TAG: GCTTTATTTG

About this image

ACTB expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells

Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine About this table

5 LifeMap In Vivo Development Anatomical Compartments/Cells

Tissue

Anatomical Compartment

Cell

Category (developmental path)

Early Embryo (Zygote)

Morula

8-Cell Embryo

Early Embryo

Early Embryo (Zygote)

Morula

Morula Cells

Early Embryo

Early Embryo (Zygote)

Zygote

2-Cell Embryo

Early Embryo

Early Embryo (Zygote)

Zygote

4-Cell Embryo

Early Embryo

Early Embryo (Zygote)

Zygote

Early Embryo

Expression:

Positive

Negative

Selective marker

Experimental details:

Curated

Microarrays

In-situ hybridization

Stem Cell Differentiation: 1 LifeMap Cell

Name

Category

Endoderm-like cells (Generation of hepato...)

See ACTB Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
Genevestigator expression for ACTB

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.520640

SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Arrays including ACTB (see all 149):

Antiviral Response in human mouse rat

Multiple Sclerosis in human mouse rat

Wound Healing in human mouse rat

Prostate Cancer in human mouse rat

Drug Metabolism: Phase I Enzymes in human mouse rat

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In Situ
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Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for ACTB

(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD , ⁵MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or ⁶Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
About This Section

This gene was present in the common ancestor of eukaryotes.

Orthologs for ACTB gene from 6/30 species (see all 30) About this table

Organism	Taxonomic classification	Gene	Description	Human Similarity	Orthology Type	Details
chicken (Gallus gallus)	Aves	ACTB¹	actin, beta	88.27(n) 100(a)		396526 NM_205518.1 NP_990849.1
lizard (Anolis carolinensis)	Reptilia	ACTB⁶ --	--	95(a) 85(a)	1 ↔ 1 possible ortholog	GL344051.1(77778-83159) GL343721.1(263114-263356)
zebrafish (Danio rerio)	Actinopterygii	bactin2²	bactin2	88.94(n)		57935 BC045879.1
fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)	Insecta	Act5C³ Act88F¹	cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis structural more³ Actin 88F¹	98(a) (best of 7)³ 85.74(n)¹ 95.99(a)¹		5C7³ 41885¹ NM_079643.1¹ NP_524367.1¹
thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)	eudicotyledons	ACT3¹	actin 3	74.8(n) 89.54(a)		824542 NM_115235.3 NP_566988.1
rice (Oryza sativa)	Liliopsida	Os.3420²	Oryza sativa RAc1 mRNA for actin	80.96(n)		AB047313.1

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for ACTB (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for ACTB (if available)

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene,
²Ensembl, and ³SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to ⁴Pseudogene.org Build 68)
About This Section

Paralogs for ACTB gene

ACTG2² ACTA2² ACTRT2² ACTR1A² ACTC1² ACTL9² ACTRT1² ACTG1²

ACTL7A² ACTBL2² ACTL7B² ACTR1B² ACTA1² ACTRT3²

18/31 SIMAP similar genes for ACTB using alignment to 9 protein entries: ACTB_HUMAN (see all proteins) (see all similar genes):

PS1TP5BP1 ACTG1 ACTA2 POTEF ACTBL2 ACTC1

ACT POTEI POTEJ POTEKP POTEE ACTG2

ACTA1 ACTR1A ACTR1B ACTRT3 ACTRT1 ACTR2

ACTB for paralogs About GeneDecksing

5/10 Pseudogenes.org Pseudogenes for ACTB (see all 10)
PGOHUM00000242113 PGOHUM00000235085 PGOHUM00000234490 PGOHUM00000237624 PGOHUM00000238279

(SNPs/Variants according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
About This Section

SNP ID	Valid	Clinical significance	Chr 7 pos	Sequence	#	AA Chg	Type	More	#	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
Genomic Data					Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--
rs115365141^1,2	C,	--	5566283(+)	`CTGGGA/C/GCAGGC`	1	--	ds500¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs189937515^1,2		--	5566327(+)	`GTGAAA/GGCAAA`	1	--	ds500¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs148898215^1,2		--	5566369(+)	`CCACTC/TAAGGG`	1	--	ds500¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs140643804^1,2	C,	--	5566487(+)	`TCCCA-/CCTCCTCA`	1	--	ds500¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs181104056^1,2		--	5566502(+)	`CATCTA/GCACTC`	1	--	ds500¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs143622851^1,2		--	5566576(+)	`CAATAA/GGCAGG`	1	--	ds500¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs147980196^1,2		--	5566629(+)	`GCTCAA/GTGTCA`	1	--	ds500¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs140709923^1,2		--	5566674(+)	`GTAAGA/GACAAG`	1	--	ds500¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs145826927^1,2		--	5566687(+)	`GGCCCA/CCACTG`	1	--	ds500¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs138738998^1,2		--	5567020(+)	`TATCAC/TCTCCC`	1	--	ut3¹		0	--	--	--	--

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for ACTB (5566779 - 5603415 bp)
Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 4 variations for ACTB
4 CNVs: 4524 64744 52250 52249
Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): ACTB

SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays

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DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for ACTB

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
About This Section

ACTB for disorders           About GeneDecksing

OMIM gene information: 102630
OMIM disorders: 607371
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: ACTB_HUMAN, P60709

Defects in ACTB are a cause of dystonia juvenile-onset (DYTJ) [MIM:607371]. DYTJ is a form of dystonia with

juvenile onset. Dystonia is defined by the presence of sustained involuntary muscle contraction, often leading to

abnormal postures. DYTJ patients manifest progressive, generalized, dopa-unresponsive dystonia, developmental

malformations and sensory hearing loss

Defects in ACTB are the cause of Baraitser-Winter syndrome type 1 (BRWS1) [MIM:243310]. A rare developmental

disorder characterized by the combination of congenital ptosis, high-arched eyebrows, hypertelorism, ocular

colobomata, and a brain malformation consisting of anterior-predominant lissencephaly. Other typical features include

postnatal short stature and microcephaly, intellectual disability, seizures, and hearing loss

20/35 diseases for ACTB (see all 35): About MalaCards

wiskott-aldrich syndrome non-small cell lung carcinoma phaeohyphomycosis bipolar disorder

shigellosis autoimmune hepatitis lung carcinoma colon adenocarcinoma

cholera hepatocellular carcinoma gingivitis colon cancer

pharyngitis influenza adenocarcinoma carcinoma

prostate cancer breast cancer glioblastoma hepatitis

2 diseases from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for ACTB:

Cancer Vascular disease

1 Novoseek disease relationship for ACTB gene About this table

Disease	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
tumors	0	3	10344733 (1), 15111311 (1), 15555571 (1)

Genatlas disease: ACTB

recurrent infection,photosensitivity and mild mental retardation associated to abnormalities in neutrophil

chemotaxis,superoxide production and membrane potential response

Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: ACTB (1 document)

Export disorders for ACTB gene to outside databases

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Entrez Gene, ²UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ³HGNC, ⁴GAD, ⁵PharmGKB, ⁶HMDB, ⁷DrugBank, ⁸UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁹ Novoseek, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

PubMed articles for ACTB gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 335):
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with ACTB)

Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
world of online information

De novo mutations in the actin genes ACTB and ACTG1 cause Baraitser- Winter syndrome. (PubMed id 22366783)^{1, 2} Riviere J.B....Dobyns W.B. (2012)
GlcNAcylation of a histone methyltransferase in retinoic-acid-induced granulopoiesis. (PubMed id 19377461)^{1, 2} Fujiki R.... Kato S. (2009)
Molecular composition of IMP1 ribonucleoprotein granules. (PubMed id 17289661)^{1, 2} Joeson L.... Nielsen F.C. (2007)
A mutation of beta -actin that alters depolymerization dynamics is associated with autosomal dominant developmental malformations, deafness, and dystonia. (PubMed id 16685646)^{1, 2} Procaccio V.... Wainer B.H. (2006)
Emerin caps the pointed end of actin filaments: evidence for an actin cortical network at the nuclear inner membrane. (PubMed id 15328537)^{1, 2} Holaska J.M.... Wilson K.L. (2004)
The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)^{1, 2} Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
Exploring proteomes and analyzing protein processing by mass spectrometric identification of sorted N-terminal peptides. (PubMed id 12665801)^{1, 2} Gevaert K.... Vandekerckhove J. (2003)
Exportin 6: a novel nuclear export receptor that is specific for profilin.actin complexes. (PubMed id 14592989)^{1, 2} Stueven T.... Goerlich D. (2003)
The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7. (PubMed id 12853948)^{1, 2} Hillier L.W.... Wilson R.K. (2003)
Direct proof that the primary site of action of cytochalasin on cell motility processes is actin. (PubMed id 1734024)^{1, 2} Ohmori H.... Toyama S. (1992)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
About This Section

		AND	OR
Aliases
Disorders
Free Text

Query String		PubMed OMIM NCBI Bookshelf
	(Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
About This Section

Entrez Gene: 60	HGNC: 132	AceView: ACTB	Ensembl:ENSG00000075624	euGenes: HUgn60
ECgene: ACTB	Kegg: 60	H-InvDB: ACTB

(According to HUGE)
About This Section

(According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
About This Section

Name	Description
PharmGKB entry for ACTB	Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
ATLAS Chromosomes in Cancer entry for ACTB	Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
NIEHS-SNPs	http://egp.gs.washington.edu/data/actb/

Intellectual Property for ACTB gene
(Patent information from GeneIP, Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts, IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)

About This Section

Patent Information for ACTB gene:
Search GeneIP for patents involving ACTB

GeneCards and IP:
Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards Improving the IP Search

(Antibodies, recombinant proteins, and assays from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, QIAGEN, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, SABiosciences, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, Enzo Life Sciences, Abcam, ProSpec, Uscn, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, SwitchGear Genomics, Vector BioLabs, Cell lines from GenScript and LifeMap BioReagents, PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Drugs and/or compounds from EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Enzo Life Sciences),
In Situ Hybridization Assays from
Advanced Cell Diagnostics
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ACTB Gene

actin, beta

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