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Category   Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21
GIFtS

ACSS2 Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 61
GCID: GC20P033459

Acyl-CoA Synthetase Short-Chain Family Member 2

(Previous name: acetyl-Coenzyme A synthetase 2 (ADP forming))
(Previous symbol: ACAS2)
  See related diseases
at
MalaCards
 

Aliases
for ACSS2 gene

(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc, 7Ensembl, 8DME, 9miRBase, 10fRNAdb, 12H-InvDB, 13NCBI, 14NONCODE, and/or 15RNAdb)
About This Section
Aliases
Acyl-CoA Synthetase Short-Chain Family Member 21 2 3     Acetate-CoA Ligase2
ACAS21 2 3     Acetyl-Coenzyme A Synthetase, Cytoplasmic2
ACS2 3 5     Cytoplasmic Acetyl-Coenzyme A Synthetase2
Acetyl-Coenzyme A Synthetase 2 (ADP Forming)1 2     dJ1161H23.12
Acyl-Activating Enzyme2 3     AceCS3
EC 6.2.1.13 8     Acetate--CoA Ligase3
ACECS2     Acetyl-CoA Synthetase3
ACSA2     EC 6.2.18
Acetate Thiokinase2     

External Ids:    HGNC: 158141   Entrez Gene: 559022   Ensembl: ENSG000001310697   OMIM: 6058325   UniProtKB: Q9NR193   

Export aliases for ACSS2 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC20P032927 GC20P030241


Summaries
for ACSS2 gene

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section
Entrez Gene summary for ACSS2 Gene:
This gene encodes a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the activation of acetate for use in lipid synthesis and
energy generation. The protein acts as a monomer and produces acetyl-CoA from acetate in a reaction that requires
ATP. Expression of this gene is regulated by sterol regulatory element-binding proteins, transcription factors
that activate genes required for the synthesis of cholesterol and unsaturated fatty acids. Alternative splicing
results in multiple transcript variants. (provided by RefSeq, Jul 2009)

GeneCards Summary for ACSS2 Gene: 
ACSS2 (acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 2) is a protein-coding gene. Diseases associated with ACSS2 include alcoholic hepatitis, and hypercalcemia, and among its related super-pathways are Metabolic pathways and ethanol degradation II. GO annotations related to this gene include acetate-CoA ligase activity and AMP binding. An important paralog of this gene is ACSM1.

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: ACSA_HUMAN, Q9NR19
Function: Activates acetate so that it can be used for lipid synthesis or for energy generation

Gene Wiki entry for ACSS2 Gene


Genomic Views
for ACSS2 gene

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 73), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000020.10  NT_011362.10  NC_018931.2  
Regulatory elements:
   SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the ACSS2 gene promoter:
         c-Fos   AP-1   Lmo2   C/EBPalpha   ATF6   c-Ets-1   
         Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmids (see all 2): ACSS2 promoter sequence
   Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for ACSS2

Epigenetics:
QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat ACSS2


Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 20q11.22   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  20q11.22   HGNC cytogenetic band: 20q11.22

ACSS2 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
ACSS2 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 20         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC20P033459:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
 33,459,949 bp from pter      End:
 33,515,769 bp from pter
Size:
 55,821 bases      Orientation:
 plus strand

Proteins
for ACSS2 gene

(According to UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE 1MOPED, 2PaxDb, and 3MAXQB RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Cloud-Clone Corp.,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Cloud-Clone Corp., Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Oct 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, LSBio, Abcam, and/or Cloud-Clone Corp.)
About This Section
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: ACSA_HUMAN, Q9NR19 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: Acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, cytoplasmic  
Size: 701 amino acids; 78580 Da
Subunit: Monomer
Subcellular location: Cytoplasm
Secondary accessions: A6NE90 Q5QPH2 Q5QPH3 Q8N238 Q96EL0 Q9NQP7 Q9UJ15
Alternative splicing: 2 isoforms:  Q9NR19-1   Q9NR19-2   (No experimental confirmation available)

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for ACSS2: NX_Q9NR19

Explore proteomics data for ACSS2 at MOPED 

Post-translational modifications:

  • View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus
  • View neXtProt modification sites for NX_Q9NR19

    • 4/18 DME Specific Peptides for ACSS2 (Q9NR19) (see all 18)
     AEAAVVG  YGPLANG  VAEAAVV  SGKIMRR 

    ACSS2 Protein expression data from MOPED1, PaxDb2 and MAXQB3 :    About this image 

    ACSS2 Protein Expression
    REFSEQ proteins (3 alternative transcripts): 
    NP_001070020.2  NP_001229322.1  NP_061147.1  

    ENSEMBL proteins: 
     ENSP00000417783   ENSP00000418152   ENSP00000420105   ENSP00000353804   ENSP00000419167  
     ENSP00000418608   ENSP00000418812   ENSP00000419925   ENSP00000418362   ENSP00000420351  
     ENSP00000253382   ENSP00000337190  
    Reactome Protein details: Q9NR19
    Human Recombinant Protein Products for ACSS2: 
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    Novus Biologicals ACSS2 Proteins
    Novus Biologicals ACSS2 Lysates
    Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
    Browse Sino Biological Cell Lysates 
    Browse ProSpec Recombinant Proteins
    Cloud-Clone Corp. Proteins for ACSS2 

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005634nucleus IDA--
    GO:0005730NOT nucleolus IDA--
    GO:0005737cytoplasm IDA--
    GO:0005829cytosol TAS--
    GO:0043231intracellular membrane-bounded organelle IDA--

    ACSS2 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    ACSS2 Antibody Products: 
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    Protein Domains /
    Families
    for ACSS2 gene

    (According to HGNC, IUPHAR, InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section
    		 HGNC Gene Families: 
    ACS: Acyl-CoA synthetase family

    5 InterPro protein domains:
     IPR011904 Ac_CoA_lig
     IPR000873 AMP-dep_Synth/Lig
     IPR024597 Acyl-CoA_synth_DUF3448
     IPR020845 AMP-binding_CS
     IPR025110 DUF4009

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry Q9NR19

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q9NR19

    1 Blocks protein domain: IPB000873 AMP-binding signature

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: ACSA_HUMAN, Q9NR19
    Similarity: Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family


    ACSS2 for domains           About GeneDecksing


    Function
    for ACSS2 gene

    (According to 1UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or 2DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013, inGenious Targeting Laboratory, genOway,
    bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase, shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Sirion Biotech, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, and Sirion Biotech, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Oct 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section
    Molecular Function:

         UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary: ACSA_HUMAN, Q9NR19
    Function: Activates acetate so that it can be used for lipid synthesis or for energy generation
    Catalytic activity: ATP + acetate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA

         Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB): EC 6.2.1.11 2 EC 6.2.12

         Gene Ontology (GO): 4 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0003824catalytic activity ----
    GO:0003987acetate-CoA ligase activity IDA10843999
    GO:0005524ATP binding IEA--
    GO:0016208AMP binding IC10843999
         
    ACSS2 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing


    Phenotypes:
         1 GenomeRNAi human phenotype for ACSS2:
     Increased number of cells in m 

    Animal Models:
       inGenious Targeting Laboratory - Custom generated mouse model solutions for ACSS2 
       inGenious Targeting Laboratory - Custom generated inducible mouse model solutions for ACSS2

       genOway customized KO model: permanent, tissue-specific or time-controlled inactivation for ACSS2 
       genOway customized Knockin model: humanization, point mutation, expression monitoring, etc. for ACSS2 

    miRNA
    Products:            		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat ACSS2
    7 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate ACSS2:
    hsa-miR-3685 hsa-miR-485-5p hsa-miR-328 hsa-miR-631 hsa-miR-155* hsa-miR-452* hsa-miR-3661
    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: ACSS2 3' UTR sequence
    Inhib. RNA
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    OriGene RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for ACSS2
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    Gene Editing
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    Sirion Biotech Customized adenovirus for overexpression of ACSS2

    Clone
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                         Customized lentivirus expression plasmids for stable overexpression of ACSS2 

    Cell Line
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    In Situ Assay
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    Pathways & Interactions
    for ACSS2 gene

    (Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Sino Biological, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, 3I2D, and/or 4STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Oct 2013 via Entrez Gene).
    About This Section

    SuperPaths for ACSS2 About   (see all 14)                                                                                              See pathways by source

    SuperPathContained pathways About
    1Metabolism
    		Metabolism0.40
    		Metabolic pathways0.40
    2ethanol degradation II
    		ethanol degradation II0.57
    		oxidative ethanol degradation III0.57
    		ethanol degradation IV0.57
    		acetate conversion to acetyl-CoA0.40
    3Cytochrome P450 - arranged by substrate type
    		Phase 1 - Functionalization of compounds0.74
    4Biological oxidations
    		Biological oxidations0.55
    5Ifosfamide Pathway, Pharmacodynamics
    		Ethanol oxidation0.50

    Pathways by source                                                                                                                                                                 See SuperPaths
    Show all pathways


    1 Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Pathway for ACSS2
        Glucose / Energy Metabolism

    5/8 BioSystems Pathways for ACSS2 (see all 8)
        ethanol degradation IV
    oxidative ethanol degradation III
    ethanol degradation II
    acetate conversion to acetyl-CoA
    Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation

    4        Reactome Pathways for ACSS2
        Ethanol oxidation
    Metabolism
    Biological oxidations
    Phase 1 - Functionalization of compounds


    5         Kegg Pathways  (Kegg details for ACSS2):
        Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
    Pyruvate metabolism
    Propanoate metabolism
    Metabolic pathways
    Carbon metabolism


    ACSS2 for pathways           About GeneDecksing

    Interactions:

        Search SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Networks for ACSS2

    STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 25)

    5/39 Interacting proteins for ACSS2 (Q9NR191, 3 ENSP000003538044) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 39)
    InteractantInteraction Details
    GeneCardExternal ID(s)
    UPF1Q929001, 3, ENSP000002628034EBI-372879,EBI-373471 I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000262803
    VAMP7P518093I2D: score=2 
    ACACAENSP000003447894STRING: ENSP00000344789
    ACACBENSP000003670794STRING: ENSP00000367079
    ACADMENSP000004096124STRING: ENSP00000409612
    About this table

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/9 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 9):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0006069ethanol oxidation TAS--
    GO:0006085acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process ----
    GO:0006805xenobiotic metabolic process TAS--
    GO:0008152metabolic process ----
    GO:0008610lipid biosynthetic process IMP10843999

    ACSS2 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    Drugs & Compounds
    for ACSS2 gene

    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, Ligands according to IUPHAR, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
    About This Section

    ACSS2 for compounds           About GeneDecksing

    Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore
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    Browse Tocris compounds for ACSS2 (ACSA)

    10/11 HMDB Compounds for ACSS2 (see all 11)    About this table
    CompoundSynonyms CAS #PubMed Ids
    Acetic acidAcetate (see all 12)64-19-7--
    Acetyl adenylate5'-O-[acetoxy(hydroxy)phosphoryl]adenosine (see all 5)13015-87-7--
    Acetyl-CoAS-Acetyl coenzyme A (see all 13)72-89-9--
    Adenosine monophosphate5'-AMP (see all 28)61-19-8--
    Adenosine triphosphate5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate) Adenosine (see all 24)56-65-5--
    Coenzyme AAcetoacetyl coenzyme A sodium salt (see all 21)85-61-0--
    Phosphoric acidacide phosphorique (FRENCH) (see all 20)7664-38-2--
    Propinol adenylatePropionyladenylate ----
    Propionic acidAdofeed (see all 23)79-09-4--
    Propionyl-CoAPropionyl-CoA (see all 8)317-66-8--

    2 DrugBank Compounds for ACSS2    About this table
    CompoundSynonyms CAS #TypeActionsPubMed Ids
    Adenosine monophosphate5'-Adenosine monophosphate (see all 15)61-19-8targetproduct of17303131 17497934 17350930 16981708
    Adenosine triphosphate5'-ATP (see all 8)56-65-5target--17139284 17016423 12493915 14704009

    10/23 Novoseek inferred chemical compound relationships for ACSS2 gene (see all 23)    About this table
    Compound   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    acetyl-coa 92.2 96 10859180 (5), 12722651 (4), 20232292 (4), 10681568 (4) (see all 49)
    acyl-coa 79.1 11 20105319 (1), 1684180 (1), 1455165 (1), 18375835 (1) (see all 10)
    pyruvate 59.6 4 11171136 (1), 10859180 (1), 14665385 (1)
    propionate 54 3 12618394 (1), 12700259 (1)
    fatty acid 53 5 1684180 (1), 10859180 (1), 18375835 (1), 10843999 (1) (see all 5)
    atp 51.5 7 12493915 (1), 12627952 (1), 11007993 (1), 1390767 (1) (see all 7)
    pyrophosphate 50.9 2 8854380 (1), 8954523 (1)
    nad+ 47.9 1 15023335 (1)
    lysine 42.5 3 12493915 (1), 15019790 (1)
    acetaldehyde 40.5 3 12722651 (2), 11171136 (1)

    Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about ACSS2 / ACSA

    Transcripts
    for ACSS2 gene

    (Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
    GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 236 Homo sapiens; Apr 25 2013) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
    Conferences by KenesGroup, exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
    siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Sirion Biotech, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
    About This Section
    REFSEQ mRNAs for ACSS2 gene (4 alternative transcripts): 
    NM_001076552.2  NM_001242393.1  NM_018677.3  NM_139274.1  

    Unigene Cluster for ACSS2:

    Acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 2
    Hs.517034  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_001076552
    18/25 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant (see all 25):
    ENST00000490046 ENST00000481971 ENST00000497927 ENST00000488172 ENST00000481284(uc002xbc.2)
    ENST00000475459 ENST00000461051 ENST00000360596(uc010zum.1 uc010gey.2 uc002xbd.2 uc002xbe.2)
    ENST00000484354 ENST00000480274 ENST00000493805 ENST00000473172 ENST00000477932
    ENST00000480978 ENST00000467019 ENST00000253382 ENST00000476922 ENST00000464399

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    hsa-miR-3685 hsa-miR-485-5p hsa-miR-328 hsa-miR-631 hsa-miR-155* hsa-miR-452* hsa-miR-3661
    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: ACSS2 3' UTR sequence
    Inhib. RNA
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    Additional mRNA sequence: 

    AF263614.1 AK000162.1 AK000188.1 AK022608.1 AK025990.1 AK092281.1 AK098026.1 AK293634.1 
    AL359946.1 BC010141.2 BC012172.1 BC073846.1 BC098422.1 CR749716.1 

    24/28 DOTS entries (see all 28):

    DT.117903  DT.92435403  DT.95144125  DT.100027348  DT.100027349  DT.100823046  DT.92435401  DT.120806401 
    DT.120806345  DT.100674175  DT.100823050  DT.120806369  DT.91727585  DT.100669576  DT.100823049  DT.120806362 
    DT.120806376  DT.120806398  DT.120806443  DT.87078860  DT.92435405  DT.92435406  DT.92435409  DT.95148030 

    24/270 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 270):

    NM_139274 NM_018677 BM929821 BC073846 AA877172 BU689470 BM826260 BE876193 
    BG698819 BI768876 BQ029603 BM675504 BM984830 AA564041 BX103848 CB306420 
    BU521906 BE559748 BE646099 BI711509 BI711796 BM127598 BM671029 BI909907 

    GeneLoc Exon Structure

    5/12 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for ACSS2 (see all 12)    About this scheme

    ExUns: 1 ^ 2a · 2b · 2c · 2d ^ 3 ^ 4 ^ 5 ^ 6a · 6b ^ 7 ^ 8 ^ 9 ^ 10a · 10b ^ 11 ^ 12 ^ 13a · 13b ^ 14a · 14b ^ 15 ^ 16 ^ 17 ^ 18 ^ 19a ·
    SP1:                                      -     -                             -                                               -                             -   
    SP2:        -     -     -     -           -     -                             -                       -                       -                             -   
    SP3:                                      -     -                             -                       -                       -                             -   
    SP4:                                      -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -                       -                             -   
    SP5:                                      -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -   

    ExUns: 19b · 19c ^ 20 ^ 21 ^ 22 ^ 23a · 23b · 23c
    SP1:                                                
    SP2:                                                
    SP3:                                                
    SP4:                                                
    SP5:                    -                           


    ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for ACSS2

    Expression
    for ACSS2 gene

    (RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
    PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
    About This Section

    ACSS2 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)      ACSS2 embryonic expression: see
    See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
    About this imageBioGPS <intensity>2/3
    CGAP TAG: CACTTGCCCT
    ACSS2 Expression
    About this image


    ACSS2 expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells    About this table
    Data from LifeMap, the Embryonic Development and Stem Cells Database 
     5/12 selected tissues (see all 12) fully expand
     
     Nose (Sensory Organs)    fully expand to see all 2 entries
             sensory organ/nose/nasal cavity   
     
     Limb (Muscoskeletal System)    fully expand to see all 2 entries
             limb/hindlimb   
     
     Eye (Sensory Organs)
             Retina
     
     Primitive Streak (Early Embryonic Tissues)
             Definitive endoderm-like cells ( Generation and expansion of endodermal progenitor...
     
     Gut Tube (Gastrointestinal Tract)
             Foregut

    See ACSS2 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
    Genevestigator expression for ACSS2

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.517034
        SABiosciences Custom PCR Arrays for ACSS2
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    Orthologs
    for ACSS2 gene

    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD , 5MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or 6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
    About This Section
    This gene was present in the common ancestor of eukaryotes.

    Orthologs for ACSS2 gene from 10/23 species (see all 23)    About this table
    Organism Taxonomic
    classification    		 Gene Description Human
    Similarity    		 Orthology
    Type    		 Details
    mouse
    (Mus musculus)    		 Mammalia Acss21 , 5 acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 21, 5 90.58(n)1
    93.58(a)1    		   2 (77.26 cM)5
    605251  NM_019811.31  NP_062785.21 
     1555179485 
    chicken
    (Gallus gallus)    		 Aves ACSS21 acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 2 74.78(n)
    79.79(a)    		   419158  XM_417342.3  XP_417342.3 
    lizard
    (Anolis carolinensis)    		 Reptilia ACSS26
    		 Uncharacterized protein
    		 78(a)
    		 1 ↔ 1
    		 4(135304943-135364816)
    African clawed frog
    (Xenopus laevis)    		 Amphibia AW641033.12   -- 76.66(n)    AW641033.1 
    zebrafish
    (Danio rerio)    		 Actinopterygii Dr.146482 Transcribed sequence with weak similarity to protein more 78.75(n)    BI897382.1 
    fruit fly
    (Drosophila melanogaster)    		 Insecta AcCoAS1 Acetyl Coenzyme A synthase 62.91(n)
    64.18(a)    		   40348  NM_168894.2  NP_730611.1 
    worm
    (Caenorhabditis elegans)    		 Secernentea acs-191 Protein ACS-19 55.47(n)
    53.99(a)    		   175500  NM_001026035.2  NP_001021206.1 
    baker's yeast
    (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)    		 Saccharomycetes ACS26
    ACS16
    		 Acetyl-coA synthetase isoform which, along with Ac...
    Acetyl-coA synthetase isoform which, along with Ac...
    		 44(a)
    42(a)
    		 many ↔ many
    many ↔ many
    		 XII(445524-447575)
    I(42881-45022)
    thale cress
    (Arabidopsis thaliana)    		 eudicotyledons ACS1 acetyl-CoA synthetase 58.29(n)
    59.84(a)    		   833655  NM_001036897.2  NP_001031974.2 
    rice
    (Oryza sativa)    		 Liliopsida Os.85652 Oryza sativa (japonica cultivar-group) cDNA cloneJ more 76.58(n)    AK066073.1 


    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for ACSS2 (if available)
    TreeFam Gene Tree for ACSS2 (if available)

    Paralogs
    for ACSS2 gene

    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene,
    2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
    About This Section
    Paralogs for ACSS2 gene
    ACSM12  ACSM42  C10orf1292  ACSM52  ACSM32  ACSM2B2  ACSS12  ACSM2A2  
    7 SIMAP similar genes for ACSS2 using alignment to 15 protein entries:     ACSA_HUMAN (see all proteins):
    DKFZp762G026    FLJ00013    DKFZp666B209    ACSS3    DKFZp666G0810    ACSS1
    A-923A4.2

    ACSS2 for paralogs           About GeneDecksing



    Genomic Variants
    for ACSS2 gene

    (SNPs/Variants according to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, 4UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
    About This Section

    10/1150 SNPs in ACSS2 are shown (see all 1150)    About this table     
    Genomic DataTranscription Related DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidClinical
    significance    		Chr 20 posSequence#AA
    Chg    		TypeMore#Allele
    freq    		PopTotal
    sample    		More
    ----------
    rs2007560551,2
    		C--30245780(+) CCCCCA/CAAAAA 3 -- int10--------
    rs345782381,2
    		C--30254338(+) AAAAAAA/-GCCTG 3 -- int11Minor allele frequency- -:0.50NA 2
    rs114250791,2
    		C--30268228(+) CTTTTC/-CCCCA 3 -- int11Minor allele frequency- -:0.50CSA 2
    rs1431685211,2
    		C--30285707(+) GGCAA-/GTG   
       TGTGT    GTGTG     		3 -- int10--------
    rs1406019561,2
    		C--30290809(+) TTTTT-/TTGTTGTT 3 -- int10--------
    rs2013493631,2
    		C--30290829(+) TGTTGG/TTTGTT 3 -- int10--------
    rs20644531,2
    		C,F,O,A,H--33464139(+) GTGCGC/TGTAGA 1 -- us2k116Minor allele frequency- T:0.35NA EA WA CSA 738
    rs1824828261,2
    		--33464171(+) CAGGGG/TCGAGG 1 -- us2k10--------
    rs1870572001,2
    		--33464227(+) CAGCTC/TAGGGA 1 -- us2k10--------
    rs1165088091,2
    		F--33464238(+) CCAAAC/TCCCTT 1 -- us2k11Minor allele frequency- T:0.01WA 118

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for ACSS2 (33459949 - 33515769 bp)

    Structural Variations
         Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) 8 variations for ACSS2:    About this table     
    Variant IDTypeSubtypePubMed ID
    esv2722357CNV Deletion23290073
    esv2520076CNV Deletion19546169
    esv2671024CNV Deletion23128226
    esv2743305CNV Deletion23290073
    esv271518CNV Insertion20981092
    nsv833962CNV Loss17160897
    dgv95n6CNV Loss16902084
    nsv912860CNV Gain21882294

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    Disorders / Diseases
    for ACSS2 gene

    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Conferences by KenesGroup, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section
    		 OMIM gene information: 605832    OMIM disorders: --

    7 diseases for ACSS2:    About MalaCards
    alcoholic hepatitis    hypercalcemia    alcoholism    ischemia
    tuberculosis    hepatocellular carcinoma    hepatitis


    ACSS2 for disorders           About GeneDecksing

    Genetic Association Database (GAD): ACSS2
    Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: ACSS2 (5 documents)

    Export disorders for ACSS2 gene to outside databases

    Publications
    for ACSS2 gene

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Entrez Gene, 2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 3HGNC, 4GAD, 5PharmGKB, 6HMDB, 7DrugBank, 8UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 9 Novoseek, and/or 10fRNAdb)
    About This Section

    PubMed articles for ACSS2 gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 92):
    (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with ACSS2)    		    Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
    world of online information

    1. Molecular characterization of human acetyl-CoA synthetase, an enzyme regulated by sterol regulatory element-binding proteins. (PubMed id 10843999)1, 2, 3, 9 Luong A.... Goldstein J.L. (2000)
    2. Identification of type 2 diabetes-associated combinat ion of SNPs using support vector machine. (PubMed id 20416077)1, 4 Ban H.J....Park K.J. (2010)
    3. Variation at the NFATC2 locus increases the risk of t hiazolidinedione-induced edema in the Diabetes REduction Assessment with ramipr il and rosiglitazone Medication (DREAM) study. (PubMed id 20628086)1, 4 Bailey S.D....Anand S. (2010)
    4. Multiple genetic variants along candidate pathways influence plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. (PubMed id 18660489)1, 4 Lu Y....Boer J.M. (2008)
    5. Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. (PubMed id 14702039)1, 2 Ota T.... Sugano S. (2004)
    6. The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)1, 2 Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
    7. The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20. (PubMed id 11780052)1, 2 Deloukas P....Rogers J. (2001)
    8. Biochemical and crystallographic analysis of substrate binding and conformational changes in acetyl-CoA synthetase. (PubMed id 17497934)7, 9 Reger A.S....Gulick A.M. (2007)
    9. The importance of acetyl coenzyme A synthetase for 11 C-acetate uptake and cell survival in hepatocellular carcinoma. (PubMed id 19617323)1, 9 Yun M....Lee J.D. (2009)
    10. Sir2-dependent activation of acetyl-CoA synthetase by deacetylation of active lysine. (PubMed id 12493915)7, 9 Starai V.J....Escalante-Semerena J.C. (2002)

    External Searches for ACSS2 gene

    (in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
    About This Section
     ANDOR
    Aliases
    Free Text  
      Query String
    		PubMed
    OMIM
    NCBI Bookshelf
      (Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

    Genome Databases showing ACSS2 gene

    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
    About This Section
    Entrez Gene: 55902 HGNC: 15814 AceView: ACAS2 Ensembl:ENSG00000131069 euGenes: HUgn55902
    ECgene: ACSS2 Kegg: 55902 H-InvDB: ACSS2

    Other Databases showing ACSS2 gene

    (According to HUGE)
    About This Section
    		   --

    Specialized Databases showing ACSS2 gene

    (According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
    Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
    About This Section
    NameDescription
    PharmGKB entry for ACSS2 Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways

    Intellectual Property
    for ACSS2 gene

    (Patent information from GeneIP,
    Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts,
    IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)
    About This Section
    		Patent Information for ACSS2 gene:
    Search GeneIP for patents involving ACSS2

    GeneCards and IP:
    Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     Improving the IP Search



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    About This Section

     
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