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Category Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21

GIFtS
-

ACSS2 Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 61
GCID: GC20P033459

Acyl-CoA Synthetase Short-Chain Family Member 2

(Previous name: acetyl-Coenzyme A synthetase 2 (ADP forming))
(Previous symbol: ACAS2)

7 related diseases
at

MalaCards

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, ¹⁰fRNAdb, ¹²H-InvDB, ¹³NCBI, ¹⁴NONCODE, and/or ¹⁵RNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
Acyl-CoA Synthetase Short-Chain Family Member 2¹ ² ³		Acetate-CoA Ligase²
ACAS2¹ ² ³		Acetyl-Coenzyme A Synthetase, Cytoplasmic²
ACS² ³ ⁵		Cytoplasmic Acetyl-Coenzyme A Synthetase²
Acetyl-Coenzyme A Synthetase 2 (ADP Forming)¹ ²		dJ1161H23.1²
Acyl-Activating Enzyme² ³		AceCS³
EC 6.2.1.1³ ⁸		Acetate--CoA Ligase³
ACECS²		Acetyl-CoA Synthetase³
ACSA²		EC 6.2.1⁸
Acetate Thiokinase²

External Ids:	HGNC: 15814¹	Entrez Gene: 55902²	Ensembl: ENSG00000131069⁷	OMIM: 605832⁵	UniProtKB: Q9NR19³

Export aliases for ACSS2 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC20P032927 GC20P030241

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for ACSS2 Gene:

This gene encodes a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the activation of acetate for use in lipid synthesis and energy

generation. The protein acts as a monomer and produces acetyl-CoA from acetate in a reaction that requires ATP.

Expression of this gene is regulated by sterol regulatory element-binding proteins, transcription factors that

activate genes required for the synthesis of cholesterol and unsaturated fatty acids. Alternative splicing results in

multiple transcript variants. (provided by RefSeq, Jul 2009)

GeneCards Summary for ACSS2 Gene:

ACSS2 (acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 2) is a protein-coding gene. Diseases associated with ACSS2 include alcoholic hepatitis, and hypercalcemia, and among its related super-pathways are Metabolic pathways and ethanol degradation II. GO annotations related to this gene include acetate-CoA ligase activity and AMP binding. An important paralog of this gene is ACSM1.

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: ACSA_HUMAN, Q9NR19

Function: Activates acetate so that it can be used for lipid synthesis or for energy generation

Gene Wiki entry for ACSS2 Gene

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 73), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000020.10 NT_011362.10 NC_018931.2

Regulatory elements:

SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the ACSS2 gene promoter:
c-Fos AP-1 Lmo2 C/EBPalpha ATF6 c-Ets-1
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmids (see all 2): ACSS2 promoter sequence

Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for ACSS2

Epigenetics:

QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat ACSS2

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 20q11.22 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 20q11.22 HGNC cytogenetic band: 20q11.22

ACSS2 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
ACSS2 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 20 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC20P033459: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	33,459,949 bp from pter	End:	33,515,769 bp from pter
Size:	55,821 bases	Orientation:	plus strand

(According to UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE ¹MOPED, ²PaxDb, and ³MAXQB RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Cloud-Clone Corp.,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Cloud-Clone Corp., Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Oct 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, LSBio, Abcam, and/or Cloud-Clone Corp.)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: ACSA_HUMAN, Q9NR19 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, cytoplasmic

Size: 701 amino acids; 78580 Da

Subunit: Monomer

Subcellular location: Cytoplasm

Secondary accessions: A6NE90 Q5QPH2 Q5QPH3 Q8N238 Q96EL0 Q9NQP7 Q9UJ15

Alternative splicing: 2 isoforms: Q9NR19-1 Q9NR19-2 (No experimental confirmation available)

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for ACSS2: NX_Q9NR19

Explore proteomics data for ACSS2 at MOPED

Post-translational modifications:

View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus

View neXtProt modification sites for NX_Q9NR19

4/18 DME Specific Peptides for ACSS2 (Q9NR19) (see all 18)

AEAAVVG

YGPLANG

VAEAAVV

SGKIMRR

ACSS2 Protein expression data from MOPED¹, PaxDb² and MAXQB³ : About this image

REFSEQ proteins (3 alternative transcripts):

NP_001070020.2 NP_001229322.1 NP_061147.1

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000417783 ENSP00000418152 ENSP00000420105 ENSP00000353804 ENSP00000419167

ENSP00000418608 ENSP00000418812 ENSP00000419925 ENSP00000418362 ENSP00000420351

ENSP00000253382 ENSP00000337190

Reactome Protein details: Q9NR19
Human Recombinant Protein Products for ACSS2:

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	Cloud-Clone Corp. Proteins for ACSS2

Gene Ontology (GO): 5 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005634	nucleus	IDA	--
GO:0005730	NOT nucleolus	IDA	--
GO:0005737	cytoplasm	IDA	--
GO:0005829	cytosol	TAS	--
GO:0043231	intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	IDA	--

ACSS2 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

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(According to HGNC, IUPHAR, InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

HGNC Gene Families:

ACS: Acyl-CoA synthetase family

5 InterPro protein domains:

IPR011904 Ac_CoA_lig

IPR000873 AMP-dep_Synth/Lig

IPR024597 Acyl-CoA_synth_DUF3448

IPR020845 AMP-binding_CS

IPR025110 DUF4009

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry Q9NR19

ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q9NR19

1 Blocks protein domain: IPB000873 AMP-binding signature

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: ACSA_HUMAN, Q9NR19

Similarity: Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family

ACSS2 for domains About GeneDecksing

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013, inGenious Targeting Laboratory,
bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase, shRNA from OriGene, Sirion Biotech, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Sirion Biotech, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, Sirion Biotech, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Oct 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Molecular Function:

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary: ACSA_HUMAN, Q9NR19

Function: Activates acetate so that it can be used for lipid synthesis or for energy generation

Catalytic activity: ATP + acetate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA

Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB): EC 6.2.1.1¹ ² EC 6.2.1²

Gene Ontology (GO): 4 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0003824	catalytic activity	--	--
GO:0003987	acetate-CoA ligase activity	IDA	10843999
GO:0005524	ATP binding	IEA	--
GO:0016208	AMP binding	IC	10843999

ACSS2 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

Phenotypes:
1 GenomeRNAi human phenotype for ACSS2:

Increased number of cells in m

Animal Models:

inGenious Targeting Laboratory - Custom generated mouse model solutions for ACSS2

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		hsa-miR-3685 hsa-miR-485-5p hsa-miR-328 hsa-miR-631 hsa-miR-155* hsa-miR-452* hsa-miR-3661
		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: ACSS2 3' UTR sequence

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In Situ Assay
Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for ACSS2

(Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Sino Biological, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, ³I2D, and/or ⁴STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Oct 2013 via Entrez Gene).
About This Section

SuperPaths for ACSS2 About (see all 14)

See pathways by source

SuperPath

Contained pathways About

Metabolism

Metabolism

0.40

Metabolic pathways

0.40

ethanol degradation II

	ethanol degradation II	0.57			oxidative ethanol degradation III	0.57
	ethanol degradation IV	0.57			acetate conversion to acetyl-CoA	0.40

Cytochrome P450 - arranged by substrate type

Phase 1 - Functionalization of compounds

0.74

Biological oxidations

Biological oxidations

0.55

Ifosfamide Pathway, Pharmacodynamics

Ethanol oxidation

0.50

Pathways by source See SuperPaths
Show all pathways

1 Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Pathway for ACSS2

Glucose / Energy Metabolism

5/8 BioSystems Pathways for ACSS2 (see all 8)

	ethanol degradation IV
	oxidative ethanol degradation III
	ethanol degradation II
	acetate conversion to acetyl-CoA
	Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation

4 Reactome Pathways for ACSS2

	Ethanol oxidation
	Metabolism
	Biological oxidations
	Phase 1 - Functionalization of compounds

5 Kegg Pathways (Kegg details for ACSS2):

	Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
	Pyruvate metabolism
	Propanoate metabolism
	Metabolic pathways
	Carbon metabolism

ACSS2 for pathways About GeneDecksing

Interactions:

Search SABiosciences Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Networks for ACSS2

STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 25)

5/39 Interacting proteins for ACSS2 (Q9NR19^{1, 3} ENSP00000353804⁴) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 39)

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
UPF1	Q92900¹^,³, ENSP00000262803⁴	EBI-372879,EBI-373471 I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000262803
VAMP7	P51809³	I2D: score=2
ACACA	ENSP00000344789⁴	STRING: ENSP00000344789
ACACB	ENSP00000367079⁴	STRING: ENSP00000367079
ACADM	ENSP00000409612⁴	STRING: ENSP00000409612

About this table

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/9 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 9): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0006069	ethanol oxidation	TAS	--
GO:0006085	acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process	--	--
GO:0006805	xenobiotic metabolic process	TAS	--
GO:0008152	metabolic process	--	--
GO:0008610	lipid biosynthetic process	IMP	10843999

ACSS2 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, IUPHAR, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
About This Section

ACSS2 for compounds About GeneDecksing

Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Browse Tocris compounds for ACSS2 (ACSA)

10/11 HMDB Compounds for ACSS2 (see all 11) About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	PubMed Ids
Acetic acid	Acetate (see all 12)	64-19-7	--
Acetyl adenylate	5'-O-[acetoxy(hydroxy)phosphoryl]adenosine (see all 5)	13015-87-7	--
Acetyl-CoA	S-Acetyl coenzyme A (see all 13)	72-89-9	--
Adenosine monophosphate	5'-AMP (see all 28)	61-19-8	--
Adenosine triphosphate	5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate) Adenosine (see all 24)	56-65-5	--
Coenzyme A	Acetoacetyl coenzyme A sodium salt (see all 21)	85-61-0	--
Phosphoric acid	acide phosphorique (FRENCH) (see all 20)	7664-38-2	--
Propinol adenylate	Propionyladenylate	--	--
Propionic acid	Adofeed (see all 23)	79-09-4	--
Propionyl-CoA	Propionyl-CoA (see all 8)	317-66-8	--

2 DrugBank Compounds for ACSS2 About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	Type	Actions	PubMed Ids
Adenosine monophosphate	5'-Adenosine monophosphate (see all 15)	61-19-8	target	product of	17303131 17497934 17350930 16981708
Adenosine triphosphate	5'-ATP (see all 8)	56-65-5	target	--	17139284 17016423 12493915 14704009

10/23 Novoseek inferred chemical compound relationships for ACSS2 gene (see all 23) About this table

Compound	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
acetyl-coa	92.2	96	10859180 (5), 12722651 (4), 20232292 (4), 10681568 (4) (see all 49)
acyl-coa	79.1	11	20105319 (1), 1684180 (1), 1455165 (1), 18375835 (1) (see all 10)
pyruvate	59.6	4	11171136 (1), 10859180 (1), 14665385 (1)
propionate	54	3	12618394 (1), 12700259 (1)
fatty acid	53	5	1684180 (1), 10859180 (1), 18375835 (1), 10843999 (1) (see all 5)
atp	51.5	7	12493915 (1), 12627952 (1), 11007993 (1), 1390767 (1) (see all 7)
pyrophosphate	50.9	2	8854380 (1), 8954523 (1)
nad+	47.9	1	15023335 (1)
lysine	42.5	3	12493915 (1), 15019790 (1)
acetaldehyde	40.5	3	12722651 (2), 11171136 (1)

Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about ACSS2 / ACSA

(Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 236 Homo sapiens; Apr 25 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
Conferences by KenesGroup, exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, Sirion Biotech, microRNA from QIAGEN,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
About This Section

REFSEQ mRNAs for ACSS2 gene (4 alternative transcripts):

NM_001076552.2 NM_001242393.1 NM_018677.3 NM_139274.1

Unigene Cluster for ACSS2:

Acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 2

Hs.517034 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_001076552

18/25 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant (see all 25):

ENST00000490046 ENST00000481971 ENST00000497927 ENST00000488172 ENST00000481284(uc002xbc.2)

ENST00000475459 ENST00000461051 ENST00000360596(uc010zum.1 uc010gey.2 uc002xbd.2 uc002xbe.2)

ENST00000484354 ENST00000480274 ENST00000493805 ENST00000473172 ENST00000477932

ENST00000480978 ENST00000467019 ENST00000253382 ENST00000476922 ENST00000464399

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		7 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate ACSS2:
		hsa-miR-3685 hsa-miR-485-5p hsa-miR-328 hsa-miR-631 hsa-miR-155* hsa-miR-452* hsa-miR-3661
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Additional mRNA sequence:

AF263614.1 AK000162.1 AK000188.1 AK022608.1 AK025990.1 AK092281.1 AK098026.1 AK293634.1

AL359946.1 BC010141.2 BC012172.1 BC073846.1 BC098422.1 CR749716.1

24/28 DOTS entries (see all 28):

DT.117903 DT.92435403 DT.95144125 DT.100027348 DT.100027349 DT.100823046 DT.92435401 DT.120806401

DT.120806345 DT.100674175 DT.100823050 DT.120806369 DT.91727585 DT.100669576 DT.100823049 DT.120806362

DT.120806376 DT.120806398 DT.120806443 DT.87078860 DT.92435405 DT.92435406 DT.92435409 DT.95148030

24/270 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 270):

NM_139274 NM_018677 BM929821 BC073846 AA877172 BU689470 BM826260 BE876193

BG698819 BI768876 BQ029603 BM675504 BM984830 AA564041 BX103848 CB306420

BU521906 BE559748 BE646099 BI711509 BI711796 BM127598 BM671029 BI909907

GeneLoc Exon Structure

5/12 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for ACSS2 (see all 12) About this scheme

ExUns:	1	^	2a	·	2b	·	2c	·	2d	^	3	^	4	^	5	^	6a	·	6b	^	7	^	8	^	9	^	10a	·	10b	^	11	^	12	^	13a	·	13b	^	14a	·	14b	^	15	^	16	^	17	^	18	^	19a	·
SP1:													-		-										-																-										-
SP2:			-		-		-		-				-		-										-								-								-										-
SP3:													-		-										-								-								-										-
SP4:													-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-								-										-
SP5:													-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-

ExUns:	19b	·	19c	^	20	^	21	^	22	^	23a	·	23b	·	23c
SP1:
SP2:
SP3:
SP4:
SP5:							-

ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for ACSS2

(RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
About This Section

ACSS2 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities) ACSS2 embryonic expression: see
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS <intensity>^2/3
CGAP TAG: CACTTGCCCT

About this image

ACSS2 expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells About this table

Data from LifeMap, the Embryonic Development and Stem Cells Database

5/12 selected tissues (see all 12) fully expand


Eye (Sensory Organs) fully expand to see all 2 entries
Retina

Limb (Muscoskeletal System) fully expand to see all 2 entries
limb/hindlimb

Gut Tube (Gastrointestinal Tract)
Foregut

Nose (Sensory Organs)
sensory organ/nose/nasal cavity

Bone (Muscoskeletal System)
sensory organ/ear/inner ear

See ACSS2 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
Genevestigator expression for ACSS2

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.517034

SABiosciences Custom PCR Arrays for ACSS2

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In Situ
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(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD , ⁵MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or ⁶Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
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This gene was present in the common ancestor of eukaryotes.

Orthologs for ACSS2 gene from 10/23 species (see all 23) About this table

Organism	Taxonomic classification	Gene	Description	Human Similarity	Orthology Type	Details
mouse (Mus musculus)	Mammalia	Acss2^{1 , 5}	acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 2^{1, 5}	90.58(n)¹ 93.58(a)¹		2 (77.26 cM)⁵ 60525¹ NM_019811.3¹ NP_062785.2¹ 155517948⁵
chicken (Gallus gallus)	Aves	ACSS2¹	acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 2	74.78(n) 79.79(a)		419158 XM_417342.3 XP_417342.3
lizard (Anolis carolinensis)	Reptilia	ACSS2⁶	Uncharacterized protein	78(a)	1 ↔ 1	4(135304943-135364816)
African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)	Amphibia	AW641033.1²	--	76.66(n)		AW641033.1
zebrafish (Danio rerio)	Actinopterygii	Dr.14648²	Transcribed sequence with weak similarity to protein more	78.75(n)		BI897382.1
fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)	Insecta	AcCoAS¹	Acetyl Coenzyme A synthase	62.91(n) 64.18(a)		40348 NM_168894.2 NP_730611.1
worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)	Secernentea	acs-19¹	Protein ACS-19	55.47(n) 53.99(a)		175500 NM_001026035.2 NP_001021206.1
baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)	Saccharomycetes	ACS2⁶ ACS1⁶	Acetyl-coA synthetase isoform which, along with Ac... Acetyl-coA synthetase isoform which, along with Ac...	44(a) 42(a)	many ↔ many many ↔ many	XII(445524-447575) I(42881-45022)
thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)	eudicotyledons	ACS¹	acetyl-CoA synthetase	58.29(n) 59.84(a)		833655 NM_001036897.2 NP_001031974.2
rice (Oryza sativa)	Liliopsida	Os.8565²	Oryza sativa (japonica cultivar-group) cDNA cloneJ more	76.58(n)		AK066073.1

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for ACSS2 (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for ACSS2 (if available)

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene,
²Ensembl, and ³SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to ⁴Pseudogene.org Build 68)
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Paralogs for ACSS2 gene

ACSM1² ACSM4² C10orf129² ACSM5² ACSM3² ACSM2B² ACSS1² ACSM2A²

7 SIMAP similar genes for ACSS2 using alignment to 15 protein entries: ACSA_HUMAN (see all proteins):

DKFZp762G026 FLJ00013 DKFZp666B209 ACSS3 DKFZp666G0810 ACSS1

A-923A4.2

ACSS2 for paralogs About GeneDecksing

(SNPs/Variants according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, ⁴UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
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SNP ID	Valid	Clinical significance	Chr 20 pos	Sequence	#	AA Chg	Type	More	#	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
Genomic Data					Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--
rs200756055^1,2	C	--	30245780(+)	`CCCCCA/CAAAAA`	3	--	int¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs34578238^1,2	C	--	30254338(+)	`AAAAAAA/-GCCTG`	3	--	int¹		1		NA	2
rs11425079^1,2	C	--	30268228(+)	`CTTTTC/-CCCCA`	3	--	int¹		1		CSA	2
rs143168521^1,2	C	--	30285707(+)	`GGCAA-/GTG TGTGTGTGTG`	3	--	int¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs140601956^1,2	C	--	30290809(+)	`TTTTT-/TTGTTGTT`	3	--	int¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs201349363^1,2	C	--	30290829(+)	`TGTTGG/TTTGTT`	3	--	int¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs2064453^1,2	C,F,O,A,H	--	33464139(+)	`GTGCGC/TGTAGA`	1	--	us2k¹		16		NA EA WA CSA	738
rs182482826^1,2		--	33464171(+)	`CAGGGG/TCGAGG`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs187057200^1,2		--	33464227(+)	`CAGCTC/TAGGGA`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs116508809^1,2	F	--	33464238(+)	`CCAAAC/TCCCTT`	1	--	us2k¹		1		WA	118

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for ACSS2 (33459949 - 33515769 bp)

Structural Variations
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) 8 variations for ACSS2: About this table

Variant ID	Type	Subtype	PubMed ID
esv2722357	CNV	Deletion	23290073
esv2520076	CNV	Deletion	19546169
esv2671024	CNV	Deletion	23128226
esv2743305	CNV	Deletion	23290073
esv271518	CNV	Insertion	20981092
nsv833962	CNV	Loss	17160897
dgv95n6	CNV	Loss	16902084
nsv912860	CNV	Gain	21882294

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(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Conferences by KenesGroup, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
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ACSS2 for disorders           About GeneDecksing

OMIM gene information: 605832    OMIM disorders: --

7 diseases for ACSS2:    About MalaCards

alcoholic hepatitis hypercalcemia alcoholism ischemia

tuberculosis hepatocellular carcinoma hepatitis

Genetic Association Database (GAD): ACSS2
Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: ACSS2 (5 documents)

Export disorders for ACSS2 gene to outside databases

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Entrez Gene, ²UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ³HGNC, ⁴GAD, ⁵PharmGKB, ⁶HMDB, ⁷DrugBank, ⁸UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁹ Novoseek, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
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PubMed articles for ACSS2 gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 92):
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with ACSS2)

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Molecular characterization of human acetyl-CoA synthetase, an enzyme regulated by sterol regulatory element-binding proteins. (PubMed id 10843999)^{1, 2, 3, 9} Luong A.... Goldstein J.L. (2000)
Identification of type 2 diabetes-associated combinat ion of SNPs using support vector machine. (PubMed id 20416077)^{1, 4} Ban H.J....Park K.J. (2010)
Variation at the NFATC2 locus increases the risk of t hiazolidinedione-induced edema in the Diabetes REduction Assessment with ramipr il and rosiglitazone Medication (DREAM) study. (PubMed id 20628086)^{1, 4} Bailey S.D....Anand S. (2010)
Multiple genetic variants along candidate pathways influence plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. (PubMed id 18660489)^{1, 4} Lu Y....Boer J.M. (2008)
Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. (PubMed id 14702039)^{1, 2} Ota T.... Sugano S. (2004)
The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)^{1, 2} Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20. (PubMed id 11780052)^{1, 2} Deloukas P....Rogers J. (2001)
Biochemical and crystallographic analysis of substrate binding and conformational changes in acetyl-CoA synthetase. (PubMed id 17497934)^{7, 9} Reger A.S....Gulick A.M. (2007)
The importance of acetyl coenzyme A synthetase for 11 C-acetate uptake and cell survival in hepatocellular carcinoma. (PubMed id 19617323)^{1, 9} Yun M....Lee J.D. (2009)
Sir2-dependent activation of acetyl-CoA synthetase by deacetylation of active lysine. (PubMed id 12493915)^{7, 9} Starai V.J....Escalante-Semerena J.C. (2002)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
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		AND	OR
Aliases
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(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
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Entrez Gene: 55902	HGNC: 15814	AceView: ACAS2	Ensembl:ENSG00000131069	euGenes: HUgn55902
ECgene: ACSS2	Kegg: 55902	H-InvDB: ACSS2

(According to HUGE)
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(According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
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Name	Description
PharmGKB entry for ACSS2	Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways

Intellectual Property for ACSS2 gene
(Patent information from GeneIP, Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts, IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)

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Patent Information for ACSS2 gene:
Search GeneIP for patents involving ACSS2

GeneCards and IP:
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Acyl-CoA Synthetase Short-Chain Family Member 2

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ACSS2 Gene

Acyl-CoA Synthetase Short-Chain Family Member 2

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