Aliases for ACADL Gene
Aliases for ACADL Gene
External Ids for ACADL Gene
- HGNC: 88
- Entrez Gene: 33
- Ensembl: ENSG00000115361
- OMIM: 609576
- UniProtKB: P28330
Previous GeneCards Identifiers for ACADL Gene
- GC02M209328
- GC02M209777
- GC02M211016
- GC02M211255
- GC02M210878
- GC02M210760
- GC02M202897
- GC02M211052
Summaries for ACADL Gene
-
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family, which is a family of mitochondrial flavoenzymes involved in fatty acid and branched chain amino-acid metabolism. This protein is one of the four enzymes that catalyze the initial step of mitochondrial beta-oxidation of straight-chain fatty acid. Defects in this gene are the cause of long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCAD) deficiency, leading to nonketotic hypoglycemia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
GeneCards Summary for ACADL Gene
ACADL (Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase, Long Chain) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with ACADL include Lcad Deficiency and Acyl-Coa Dehydrogenase, Medium Chain, Deficiency Of. Among its related pathways are Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Beta-Oxidation and Fatty acid metabolism. GO annotations related to this gene include flavin adenine dinucleotide binding and fatty-acyl-CoA binding. An important paralog of this gene is ACADSB.
No data available for CIViC summary , UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot , Tocris Summary , Gene Wiki entry , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , fRNAdb sequence ontologies and piRNA Summary for ACADL Gene
Genomics for ACADL Gene
Regulatory Elements for ACADL Gene
| GeneHancer Identifier | Enhancer Score | Enhancer Sources | Gene-Enhancer Score | TSS distance (kb) | Number of Genes Away | Size (kb) | Transcription Factor Binding Sites within enhancer | Gene Targets for Enhancer |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GH02G209988 | 0.8 | Ensembl | 10.5 | +237.2 | 237191 | 0.2 | HDAC1 TAL1 CCNT2 TCF12 FOXM1 GATA2 NCOR1 SIRT6 NFE2 CREM | ACADL RPE GC02M209861 |
| GH02G210195 | 0.7 | Ensembl | 10.8 | +30.1 | 30091 | 0.4 | ELF3 SCRT1 CTCF ZNF654 NFIA TRIM22 REST RAD21 ZGPAT SCRT2 | RPE KANSL1L ACADL ENSG00000279317 |
| GH02G209960 | 0.7 | ENCODE | 9.9 | +264.8 | 264779 | 1.3 | CTCF ZNF654 ZSCAN4 TRIM22 YBX1 CHD7 ZIC2 RAD21 SMC3 ZNF143 | ACADL RPE GC02M209861 |
| GH02G210560 | 1.2 | FANTOM5 ENCODE dbSUPER | 4.1 | -336.5 | -336454 | 3.5 | TBP TAF1 HLF CEBPB CEBPG EP300 YY1 MBD2 GATA3 JUND | CPS1 ACADL GC02M210562 |
| GH02G210532 | 0.4 | dbSUPER | 9.6 | -308.1 | -308123 | 2.1 | MAFK | CPS1 ACADL GC02M210562 |
- Transcription factor binding sites by QIAGEN in the ACADL gene promoter:
Regulatory Element Products
Genomic Location for ACADL Gene
- Chromosome:
- 2
- Start:
- 210,187,939 bp from pter
- End:
- 210,225,491 bp from pter
- Size:
- 37,553 bases
- Orientation:
- Minus strand
Genomic View for ACADL Gene
- Cytogenetic band:
-
- 2q34 by Ensembl
- 2q34 by Entrez Gene
- 2q34 by HGNC
Genomic Neighborhood
• Exon Structure
• Gene Density
RefSeq DNA sequence for ACADL Gene
Proteins for ACADL Gene
-
Protein details for ACADL Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
- Protein Symbol:
- P28330-ACADL_HUMAN
- Recommended name:
- Long-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
- Protein Accession:
- P28330
- B2R8T3
- Q8IUN8
Protein attributes for ACADL Gene
- Size:
- 430 amino acids
- Molecular mass:
- 47656 Da
- Cofactor:
- Name=FAD; Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:57692;
- Quaternary structure:
-
- Homotetramer.
- Miscellaneous:
-
- A number of straight-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenases of different substrate specificities are present in mammalian tissues.
Protein Expression for ACADL Gene
Selected DME Specific Peptides for ACADL Gene
- P28330:
-
- EFMFEETRNYV
- KGRKLHK
- TEPGAGSD
Post-translational modifications for ACADL Gene
- Acetylation at Lys-318 and Lys-322 in proximity of the cofactor-binding sites strongly reduces catalytic activity. These sites are deacetylated by SIRT3 (By similarity).
- Modification sites at PhosphoSitePlus
- Modification sites at neXtProt
Other Protein References for ACADL Gene
- ENSEMBL proteins:
- REFSEQ proteins:
Antibody Products
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-
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- GeneTex ACADL antibody for ACADL
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-
Cloud-Clone Corp. Proteins for ACADL
- antibodies-online Proteins for ACADL: See all 7
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Assay Products
- antibodies-online Kits for ACADL: See all 1
Domains & Families for ACADL Gene
Gene Families for ACADL Gene
Protein Domains for ACADL Gene
- InterPro:
- Blocks:
- ProtoNet:
Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for ACADL Gene
- GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry
P28330- Family:
-
- Belongs to the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family.
Function for ACADL Gene
Molecular function for ACADL Gene
- GENATLAS Biochemistry:
- acyl-CoA dehydrogenase,long chain (C10-C18),mitochondrial,fatty acid beta-oxidation
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot CatalyticActivity:
- Long-chain-acyl-CoA + electron-transfer flavoprotein = long-chain-2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + reduced electron-transfer flavoprotein.
Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) for ACADL Gene
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0000062 | fatty-acyl-CoA binding | IEA | -- |
| GO:0003995 | acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity | TAS | -- |
| GO:0004466 | long-chain-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity | ISS,TAS | -- |
| GO:0016401 | palmitoyl-CoA oxidase activity | ISS | -- |
| GO:0016491 | oxidoreductase activity | IEA | -- |
Phenotypes for ACADL Gene
- MGI mutant phenotypes for ACADL:
- inferred from 1 alleles
- GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for ACADL:
Animal Models for ACADL Gene
- MGI Knock Outs for ACADL:
-
- Acadl tm1Uab
Animal Model Products
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-
-
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-
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-
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miRNA for ACADL Gene
- miRTarBase miRNAs that target ACADL
-
- hsa-mir-124-3p (MIRT022288)
- hsa-mir-6513-5p (MIRT462164)
- hsa-mir-887-5p (MIRT462166)
- hsa-mir-3913-5p (MIRT462167)
- hsa-mir-3122 (MIRT462168)
- hsa-mir-450a-1-3p (MIRT462169)
- hsa-mir-6779-5p (MIRT462170)
- hsa-mir-6780a-5p (MIRT462171)
- hsa-mir-3689c (MIRT462172)
- hsa-mir-3689b-3p (MIRT462173)
- hsa-mir-3689a-3p (MIRT462174)
- hsa-mir-30b-3p (MIRT462175)
- hsa-mir-1273h-5p (MIRT462176)
- hsa-mir-6788-5p (MIRT462177)
- hsa-mir-30c-2-3p (MIRT462178)
- hsa-mir-30c-1-3p (MIRT462179)
- hsa-mir-654-5p (MIRT462180)
- hsa-mir-541-3p (MIRT462181)
- hsa-mir-6799-5p (MIRT462182)
- hsa-mir-6883-5p (MIRT462183)
- hsa-mir-6785-5p (MIRT462184)
- hsa-mir-4728-5p (MIRT462185)
- hsa-mir-7106-5p (MIRT462186)
- hsa-mir-149-3p (MIRT462187)
- hsa-mir-6134 (MIRT462188)
- hsa-mir-6089 (MIRT462189)
- hsa-mir-383-3p (MIRT462190)
- hsa-mir-1228-3p (MIRT462191)
- hsa-mir-34b-3p (MIRT462192)
- hsa-mir-4659b-3p (MIRT715124)
- hsa-mir-4659a-3p (MIRT715125)
- hsa-mir-6875-3p (MIRT715126)
- hsa-mir-4279 (MIRT715127)
- hsa-mir-7111-3p (MIRT715128)
- hsa-mir-642a-5p (MIRT715129)
- hsa-mir-7110-3p (MIRT715130)
- hsa-mir-6845-3p (MIRT715131)
- hsa-mir-6769b-3p (MIRT715132)
- hsa-mir-4723-3p (MIRT715133)
- hsa-mir-3183 (MIRT715134)
- hsa-mir-2276-5p (MIRT715135)
- hsa-mir-6892-3p (MIRT715136)
miRNA Products
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-
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- Mammalian expression: PiggyBac
- Mammalian Tet-on expression: plasmid
- Mammalian conditional (Cre-Lox): plasmid and PiggyBac
- Mammalian shRNA knockdown: lentiviral, adenoviral, AAV, and PiggyBac
- CRISPR: plasmid gRNA, lentiviral gRNA, and donor plasmid
- Bacterial expression: pET, pBAD, and pCS
- Yeast expression
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-
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-
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-
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-
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Flow Cytometry Products
No data available for Human Phenotype Ontology , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for ACADL Gene
Localization for ACADL Gene
Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for ACADL Gene
- Mitochondrion matrix.
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005739 | mitochondrion | IEA | -- |
| GO:0005759 | mitochondrial matrix | TAS | -- |
| GO:0031966 | mitochondrial membrane | IEA | -- |
Pathways & Interactions for ACADL Gene
| SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Beta-Oxidation | ||
| 2 | Metabolism |
.37
|
|
| 3 | Fatty acid metabolism | ||
| 4 | Mitochondrial LC-Fatty Acid Beta-Oxidation | ||
| 5 | PPAR signaling pathway | ||
Pathways by source for ACADL Gene
3 BioSystems pathways for ACADL Gene
4 KEGG pathways for ACADL Gene
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot P28330-ACADL_HUMAN
- Pathway: Lipid metabolism; mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation.
Interacting Proteins for ACADL Gene
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0001659 | temperature homeostasis | ISS | -- |
| GO:0006629 | lipid metabolic process | IEA | -- |
| GO:0006631 | fatty acid metabolic process | IEA | -- |
| GO:0006635 | fatty acid beta-oxidation | TAS | -- |
| GO:0008152 | metabolic process | IEA | -- |
No data available for SIGNOR curated interactions for ACADL Gene
Drugs & Compounds for ACADL Gene
| Name | Synonyms | Role | CAS Number | PubChem IDs | PubMed IDs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (2E)-Decenoyl-CoA |
|
10018-95-8 |
|
|||
| (2E)-Dodecenoyl-CoA |
|
1066-12-2 |
|
|||
| (2E)-Hexadecenoyl-CoA |
|
4460-95-1 |
|
|||
| (2E)-Octenoyl-CoA |
|
10018-94-7 |
|
|||
| (2E)-Tetradecenoyl-CoA |
|
38795-33-4 |
|
Transcripts for ACADL Gene
mRNA/cDNA for ACADL Gene
- (3) REFSEQ mRNAs :
- (5) Additional mRNA sequences :
- (56) Selected AceView cDNA sequences:
- (4) Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant :
Unigene Clusters for ACADL Gene
CRISPR Products
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for ACADL
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for ACADL
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miRNA Products
- Search ViGene Biosciences for ACADL
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene shRNA, siRNA, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for ACADL
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ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for ACADL gene
Clone Products
-
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- Addgene plasmids for ACADL
- VectorBuilder custom plasmid, inducible vectors for ACADL
- VectorBuilder custom lentivirus, adenovirus, AAV vector/virus packaging for ACADL
-
VectorBuilder Other custom vectors
- Mammalian expression: PiggyBac
- Mammalian Tet-on expression: plasmid
- Mammalian conditional (Cre-Lox): plasmid and PiggyBac
- Mammalian shRNA knockdown: lentiviral, adenoviral, AAV, and PiggyBac
- CRISPR: plasmid gRNA, lentiviral gRNA, and donor plasmid
- Bacterial expression: pET, pBAD, and pCS
- Yeast expression
Flow Cytometry Products
Expression for ACADL Gene
mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery
-
Brain (Nervous System)
- Adult Dopaminergic Neurons Substantia Nigra pars Compacta
- Thalamus
- Striatum
- Medulla Oblongata
- Cerebral Cortex
- Neural Tube (Nervous System)
-
Neurons
- Mature Horizontal Cells Inner Nuclear Layer
- Adult Dopaminergic Neurons Substantia Nigra pars Compacta
- Adipose (Muscoskeletal System)
-
Eye (Sensory Organs)
- Mature Horizontal Cells Inner Nuclear Layer
- Gut Tube (Gastrointestinal Tract)
- Lung (Respiratory System)
- Kidney (Urinary System)
mRNA differential expression in normal tissues according to GTEx for ACADL Gene
Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB, PaxDb, MaxQB, and MOPED for ACADL Gene
NURSA nuclear receptor signaling pathways regulating expression of ACADL Gene:
ACADLSOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for ACADL Gene:
Hs.471277Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for ACADL Gene
- Liver(4.4)
- Nervous system(4.1)
- Intestine(4)
Primer Products
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for ACADL
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs for ACADL
No data available for Protein tissue co-expression partners , mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt and Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for ACADL Gene
Orthologs for ACADL Gene
This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.
| Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | ACADL 34 35 |
|
||
| cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | ACADL 34 35 |
|
||
| dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | ACADL 34 35 |
|
||
| platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | ACADL 35 |
|
OneToOne | |
| rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Acadl 34 |
|
||
| mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Acadl 34 16 35 |
|
||
| oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | ACADL 35 |
|
OneToOne | |
| chicken (Gallus gallus) |
Aves | ACADL 34 35 |
|
||
| lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | ACADL 35 |
|
OneToOne | |
| tropical clawed frog (Silurana tropicalis) |
Amphibia | acadl 34 |
|
||
| Str.8318 34 |
|
||||
| African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) |
Amphibia | Xl.5962 34 |
|
||
| zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | acadl 34 35 |
|
||
| zgc55656 34 |
|
||||
| rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) |
Actinopterygii | Omy.10227 34 |
|
||
| worm (Caenorhabditis elegans) |
Secernentea | C37A2.3 36 |
|
|
|
| C02D5.1 36 |
|
|
|||
| acdh-6 35 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| sea squirt (Ciona savignyi) |
Ascidiacea | CSA.2732 35 |
|
OneToOne | |
| sea squirt (Ciona intestinalis) |
Ascidiacea | Cin.4861 34 |
|
- Species where no ortholog for ACADL was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
-
- A. gosspyii yeast (Ashbya gossypii)
- Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae)
- Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
- alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
- amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
- Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
- baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
- barley (Hordeum vulgare)
- beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
- bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
- Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
- common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
- corn (Zea mays)
- E. coli (Escherichia coli)
- filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
- Firmicute bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
- fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)
- green algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
- honey bee (Apis mellifera)
- K. lactis yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
- loblloly pine (Pinus taeda)
- malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
- medicago trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
- moss (Physcomitrella patens)
- orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
- pig (Sus scrofa)
- rice (Oryza sativa)
- rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
- schistosome parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
- sea anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
- sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
- sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
- soybean (Glycine max)
- stem rust fungus (Puccinia graminis)
- sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
- thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
- tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
- toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
- Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Paralogs for ACADL Gene
Variants for ACADL Gene
| SNP ID | Clin | Chr 02 pos | Sequence Context | AA Info | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs61731470 | Likely benign | 210,220,767(+) | AAGGA(A/G)TTTCT | reference, missense, utr-variant-5-prime | |
| rs77160779 | Likely benign | 210,205,746(+) | TTTGT(A/G)ACCGC | reference, synonymous-codon | |
| rs148069105 | Uncertain significance | 210,203,376(+) | TTAAC(A/G)TAGTT | reference, synonymous-codon | |
| rs149291223 | Uncertain significance | 210,188,237(+) | TATAA(A/G)ATGTA | utr-variant-3-prime | |
| rs150844488 | Uncertain significance | 210,205,779(+) | AATGA(A/C/T)CCATT | reference, synonymous-codon |
| Variant ID | Type | Subtype | PubMed ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| esv3449244 | CNV | insertion | 20981092 |
| nsv1012567 | CNV | gain | 25217958 |
Relevant External Links for ACADL Gene
No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for ACADL Gene
Disorders for ACADL Gene
| Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|
| lcad deficiency |
|
|
| acyl-coa dehydrogenase, medium chain, deficiency of |
|
|
| hypoglycemia |
|
|
| holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency |
|
|
| vlcad deficiency |
|
|
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
ACADL_HUMAN- Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase very long-chain deficiency (ACADVLD) [MIM:201475]: An inborn error of mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation which leads to impaired long-chain fatty acid beta-oxidation. It is clinically heterogeneous, with three major phenotypes: a severe childhood form characterized by early onset, high mortality and high incidence of cardiomyopathy; a milder childhood form with later onset, characterized by hypoketotic hypoglycemia, low mortality and rare cardiomyopathy; an adult form, with isolated skeletal muscle involvement, rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria, usually triggered by exercise or fasting. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Genatlas disease for ACADL Gene
Relevant External Links for ACADL
Publications for ACADL Gene
- Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of cDNAs encoding human long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and assignment of the location of its gene (ACADL) to chromosome 2. (PMID: 1774065) Indo Y. … Tanaka K. (Genomics 1991) 2 3 4 22 64
- Variation at the NFATC2 locus increases the risk of thiazolidinedione-induced edema in the Diabetes REduction Assessment with ramipril and rosiglitazone Medication (DREAM) study. (PMID: 20628086) Bailey S.D. … Anand S. (Diabetes Care 2010) 3 46 64
- Genetic variants in nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes influence AIDS progression. (PMID: 20877624) Hendrickson S.L. … O'Brien S.J. (PLoS ONE 2010) 3 46 64
- Low expression of long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase in human skeletal muscle. (PMID: 20363655) Maher A.C. … Tarnopolsky M.A. (Mol. Genet. Metab. 2010) 3 22 64
- A genome-wide perspective of genetic variation in human metabolism. (PMID: 20037589) Illig T. … Suhre K. (Nat. Genet. 2010) 3 46 64
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- VectorBuilder Other custom vectors
- Mammalian expression: PiggyBac
- Mammalian Tet-on expression: plasmid
- Mammalian conditional (Cre-Lox): plasmid and PiggyBac
- Mammalian shRNA knockdown: lentiviral, adenoviral, AAV, and PiggyBac
- CRISPR: plasmid gRNA, lentiviral gRNA, and donor plasmid
- Bacterial expression: pET, pBAD, and pCS
- Yeast expression
Sources for ACADL Gene
- (1) GeneCards
- (2) HGNC
- (3) EntrezGene
- (4) Swiss-Prot
- (5) Ensembl
- (6) OMIM
- (7) GeneLoc
- (8) Gene Wiki
- (9) UCSC
- (10) PhosphoSitePlus
- (11) GO
- (12) TrEMBL
- (13) InterPro
- (14) ProtoNet
- (15) Blocks
- (16) MGI
- (17) IUBMB
- (18) KEGG
- (19) MINT
- (20) STRING
- (21) IntAct
- (22) Novoseek
- (23) PharmGKB
- (24) DrugBank
- (25) HMDB
- (26) UniGene
- (27) AceView
- (28) RNAdb
- (29) ASD
- (30) ECgene
- (31) GeneAnnot
- (32) CGAP SAGE
- (33) SOURCE
- (34) HomoloGene
- (35) PanEnsembl
- (36) euGenes
- (37) SGD
- (38) FlyBase
- (39) WormBase
- (40) Pseudogene
- (41) DGV
- (42) dbSNP
- (43) GenAtlas
- (44) GeneTests
- (45) HGMD
- (46) GAD
- (47) LSDB
- (48) BGMUT
- (49) HuGE
- (50) eBioscience
- (51) Atlas
- (52) Cell Signaling Technology
- (53) GenBank
- (54) H-invDB
- (55) HORDE
- (56) HUGE
- (57) IMGT
- (58) Leiden
- (59) MILLIPORE
- (60) miRBase
- (61) DME
- (62) NCBI
- (63) OriGene
- (64) PubMed
- (65) R&D Systems
- (66) TGDB
- (67) Tocris
- (68) Abcam
- (69) Novus
- (70) ProSpec
- (71) Sino Biological
- (72) GenScript
- (73) Qiagen
- (74) Cloud-Clone Corp.
- (75) Enzo Life Sciences
- (76) OCA
- (77) Proteopedia
- (78) MOPED
- (79) SPIRE
- (80) neXtProt
- (81) Reactome
- (82) GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)
- (83) fRNAdb
- (84) DISEASES
- (85) SIMAP
- (86) GenomeRNAi
- (87) LifeMap
- (88) miRTarBase
- (89) MalaCards
- (90) Invitrogen
- (91) BitterDB
- (92) Vector BioLabs
- (93) ESI-BIO
- (94) RefSeq
- (95) BioSystems
- (96) MaxQB
- (97) IUPHAR
- (98) BioGPS
- (99) Illumina
- (100) COMPARTMENTS
- (101) HOMER
- (102) PaxDb
- (103) ApexBio
- (104) Addgene
- (105) antibodies-online
- (106) CYP
- (107) NONCODE
- (108) SwitchGear Genomics
- (109) TreeFam
- (110) PathCards
- (111) GeneReviews
- (112) GeneTex
- (113) Taconic Biosciences
- (114) GTEx
- (115) ProteomicsDB
- (116) SCBT
- (117) DGIdb
- (118) ClinicalTrials
- (119) FDA Approved Drugs
- (120) RVIS
- (121) SIGNOR
- (122) diseasecard
- (123) NIH Rare Diseases
- (124) Orphanet
- (125) UMLS
- (126) GTR
- (127) Disease Ontology
- (128) Genetics Home Reference
- (129) MeSH
- (130) MedlinePlus
- (131) CDC
- (132) NINDS
- (133) NCBI Bookshelf
- (134) ClinVar
- (135) Gene Damage Index
- (136) ViGene Biosciences
- (137) HPO
- (138) UDN
- (139) VISTA
- (140) FANTOM5
- (141) ENCODE
- (142) ProSci
- (143) Horizon
- (144) NURSA
- (145) IID
- (146) Cyagen
- (147) VectorBuilder
- (148) SNPedia
- (149) BRCA Exchange
- (150) St John's Lab
- (151) CIViC
- (152) ProteoGenix
- (153) dbSUPER
- (154) TISSUES
- (155) Gene ORGANizer




