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AACS Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 54

GC12P124074
acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase
Symbol approved by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) database
Services    
(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc , and/or 7Ensembl, 8miRBase)
About This Section

Aliases
ACSF1 1, 2, 3
EC 6.2.1.16 3
FLJ12389 1, 2
FLJ41251 2
SUR-5 1, 2
Descriptions
Acyl-CoA synthetase family member 1 2, 3
Protein sur-5 homolog 3
acetoacetate-CoA ligase 2
acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase 2
homolog of C. elegans supressor of ras 5 (sur-5) 2
External Ids
HGNC: 212981
Entrez Gene: 659852
UniProtKB: Q86V213
Ensembl: ENSG000000817607
Search outside databases for aliases for AACS gene

Previous GC identifers: GC12P125273 GC12P123904 GC12P123905

(According to Entrez Gene, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: AACS_HUMAN, Q86V21
Function: Activates acetoacetate to acetoacetyl-CoA. May be involved in utilizing ketone body for
the fatty acid-synthesis during adipose tissue development (By similarity)

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 36),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC and Ensembl, Transcription factor binding sites according to SABiosciences)
About This Section

Genomic View:
UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

 Transcription factor binding sites upstream to the AACS gene  

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 12q24.31   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  12q24.31   HGNC cytogenetic band: 12q24.31

AACS Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)

GeneLoc gene densities for chromosome 12         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC12P124074:     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
124,115,878 bp from pter
End:
124,193,824 bp from pter
Size:
77,947 bases
Orientation:
plus strand
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000012.10  NT_009755.18  
(According to 1UniProtKB, and/or Ensembl, Phosphorylation sites according to 2Phosphosite, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from Invitrogen, Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Enzo Life Sciences, Abnova, OriGene and/or, Abcam,
Biochemical Assays by Invitrogen, Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, and/or Enzo Life Sciences, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by Invitrogen, Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, Abcam, Abnova, and/or Novus Biologicals)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: AACS_HUMAN, Q86V21 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: Acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase  
Size: 672 amino acids; 75144 Da
Subcellular location: Cytoplasm, cytosol (By similarity)
Sequence caution: Sequence=AAH41000.1; Type=Frameshift; Positions=201; Sequence=BAB14793.1;
Type=Frameshift; Positions=519;
Secondary accessions: Q49AB9 Q49AC3 Q658Q8 Q8IWD2 Q8NEW5 Q9BSJ9 Q9H829 Q9HA19
Alternative splicing: 3 isoforms:  Q86V21-1   Q86V21-2   Q86V21-3   

Post-translational modifications:

  • View phosphorylation sites using PhosphoSite2


  • REFSEQ proteins: NP_076417.2  

    ENSEMBL proteins: 
    ENSP00000324842 ENSP00000261686 ENSP00000324929 ENSP00000331825 


    Human Recombinant Proteins 
    Browse Drug Discovery Central at Invitrogen for human recombinant proteins
    Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at Millipore
    Browse Human Recombinant Proteins at Sigma-Aldrich  
    Browse R&D Systems for human recombinant proteins
    Browse recombinant and purified proteins available from Enzo Life Sciences
    Recombinant Proteins from Abcam (Acetoacetyl CoA synthetase)
    Human Recombinant Proteins from Abnova (AACS)
                    Browse Origene for full length recombinant human proteins expressed in human HEK293 cells 

    1 Gene Ontology (GO) cellular component term (links to tree view):

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005737 cytoplasm IEA--
    About this table

    Antibodies for AACS: 
    Browse Antibodies Central at Invitrogen
    Browse Millipore's Extensive Line of Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies
    Browse Antibodies at Sigma-Aldrich
    Browse R&D Systems for Antibodies
    Antibodies from Abcam (Acetoacetyl CoA synthetase), each with their AbpromiseSM
    Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies from Abnova (AACS)
    Novus Biologicals Antibody for AACS

    Assays for AACS: 
    Browse Invitrogen for biochemical assays
    Browse Kits and Assays available from Millipore
    Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
    Browse biochemical assays available from Enzo Life Sciences

    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section

    2 InterPro domains/families:
     IPR005914 Acac_CoA_synth
     IPR000873 AMP-dep_Synth/Lig


       GeneDecks  AACS for the domains selected above  
    About GeneDecksing

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry Q86V21

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q86V21

    1 Blocks protein family: IPB000873 AMP-binding signature

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: AACS_HUMAN, Q86V21
    Similarity: Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family

    (According to MGI Jun 06 2009, UniProtKB, IUBMB,and/or Genatlas,
    shRNA from OriGene, Sigma-Aldrich, RNAi from Sigma-Aldrich,
    RNAi Products, Clones, and Q-PCR Products from Invitrogen, Millipore, OriGene, and/or Abnova, siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, SYBR primers from OriGene, Cell-based Assays from Millipore, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section

    Inhib.
    RNA:
    Invitrogen RNAi Products for gene knock-down (AACS)
    Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
    Browse Abnova for Chimera RNAi Products
                  OriGene 29mer shRNA kit in GFP-retroviral vector: NM_023928

                  Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs for AACS

                  Sigma-Aldrich siRNA for AACS  
                         Sigma-Aldrich shRNA for AACS  
                         Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs  

    Clones:Invitrogen Clones for AACS
    Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from Millipore
                  OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_023928
                                     Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_023928
                                     untagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_023928 

    Primers: Browse Quantitative PCR Central at Invitrogen for Q-PCR LUX™ Primers
                  OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs: NM_023928

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: AACS_HUMAN, Q86V21
    Function: Activates acetoacetate to acetoacetyl-CoA. May be involved in utilizing ketone body for
    the fatty acid-synthesis during adipose tissue development (By similarity)
    Catalytic activity: ATP + acetoacetate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + acetoacetyl-CoA
    Enzyme Number (IUBMB): EC 6.2.1.16 

    2 Gene Ontology (GO) molecular function terms (links to tree view):

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0016874 ligase activity IEA--
    GO:0030729 acetoacetate-CoA ligase activity IEA--
    About this table

    (Pathways according to Invitrogen (maps by GeneGo), Millipore, Cell Signaling Technology, Sigma-Aldrich, KEGG and/or UniProtKB,
    Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Proteins Network according to SABiosciences, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, and/or 3STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section

    1 Invitrogen iPath™ Online BioAtlas - Pathway for AACS (Maps provided by GeneGo):
     Ketone bodies metabolism

       GeneDecks  AACS for the pathways selected above  
    About GeneDecksing

    1 Sigma-Aldrich "Your Favorite Gene" Pathway for  AACS  (Your Favorite Gene powered by Ingenuity) 
     Butanoate Metabolism

       GeneDecks  AACS for the pathways selected above  
    About GeneDecksing

    1 Kegg Pathway  (Kegg details for AACS):
     hsa00650 Butanoate metabolism

       GeneDecks  AACS for the pathways selected above  
    About GeneDecksing

    5/13 Interacting proteins for AACS (ENSP000003248423) via UniProtKB, MINT, and/or STRING (see all 13 )
    InteractantInteraction Details
    GeneCardExternal ID(s)
    HMGCLENSP000003636143STRING (score=.971)
    ACAT1ENSP000002658383STRING (score=.964)
    ACAT2ENSP000003560153STRING (score=.955)
    HMGCS1ENSP000003227063STRING (score=.941)
    HMGCS2ENSP000003584143STRING (score=.941)
    About this table

    3 Gene Ontology (GO) biological process terms (links to tree view):

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0006629 lipid metabolic process IEA--
    GO:0006631 fatty acid metabolic process IEA--
    GO:0008152 metabolic process IEA--
    About this table
    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, Sigma-Aldrich, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Novoseek and Drugs according to Enzo Life Sciences and/or PharmGKB)
    About This Section

    Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences
    Browse Small Molecules at Sigma-Aldrich

    Browse Tocris compounds for AACS

    (GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 219 Homo sapiens; Jun 2 2009) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView,
    non coding RNAs according to RNAdb,
    ESTs according to GeneTide,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from Invitrogen, Millipore, and/or Abnova,
    siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, Sigma-Aldrich,
    shRNA from Sigma-Aldrich, OriGene,
    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene,
    Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems)
    About This Section

    Inhib.
    RNA:
    Invitrogen RNAi Products for gene knock-down (AACS)
    Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
    Browse Abnova for Chimera RNAi Products
                  OriGene 29mer shRNA kit in GFP-retroviral vector: NM_023928

                  Sigma-Aldrich siRNA for AACS  
                         Sigma-Aldrich shRNA for AACS  
                         Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs  

    Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs: 

    NM_023928  

    REFSEQ mRNAs for AACS gene: 

    NM_023928.3   

    Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays: 

    NM_023928  

                  OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_023928
                                     Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_023928
                                     untagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_023928 

    Additional cDNA sequence: 

    AB054121.1 AK022451.1 AK024760.1 AK123245.1 AK304176.1 AK308779.1 AL833047.1 AY091468.1 
    BC004997.1 BC036694.1 BC040490.1 BC040574.1 BC041000.1 BC051862.1 CR603159.1 CR613420.1 

    15 DOTS entries:

    DT.444953  DT.101982814  DT.100816242  DT.95247372  DT.97775423  DT.101982816  DT.100816246  DT.99967357 
    DT.95084150  DT.121138180  DT.92435351  DT.95084155  DT.99971630  DT.100843153  DT.121643665 

    24/203 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 203 ):

    BM806257 BM665889 AB054121 BM677346 NM_023928 BU619739 BQ056788 BU507305 
    BQ278873 AI969149 BC040574 BQ056494 CB143273 BC051862 BQ055505 BE208094 
    BC040490 CB154636 BG676436 BQ653038 BQ069619 BF773032 CB129945 BQ005245 

    highest scoring ESTs for AACS:

    AA640793 AI798645 W19606 AA132979 AA349693 AA360038 AA860167 AA889907 AB054121 AI076309 

    Unigene Cluster for AACS:

    Acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase
    Hs.656073  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequence: BC036694


    GeneLoc Exon Structure

    5/8 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for AACS (see all 8 )

    ExUns: 1 ^ 2 ^ 3 ^ 4 ^ 5 ^ 6 ^ 7 ^ 8 ^ 9 ^ 10a · 10b ^ 11a · 11b ^ 12a · 12b ^ 13 ^ 14a · 14b ^ 15a · 15b ^ 16 ^ 17 ^ 18 ^ 19a · 19b · 19c ·
    SP1:                                -                       -                       -                             -                       -                     
    SP2:                                -                       -                       -     -     -     -     -     -     -                                       
    SP3:                                                                                                              -                       -                     
    SP4:                                                                                                              -                                             
    SP5:                                                                    -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -                                       

    ExUns: 19d · 19e
    SP1:            
    SP2:            
    SP3:            
    SP4:            
    SP5:            

    About this scheme

    ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for AACS

    4 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations:
    ENST00000316519  ENST00000261686  ENST00000316543  ENST00000331699  
    (Experimental results according to 1GeneNote and GNF BioGPS,
    probe sets-to-genes annotations according to 2GeneAnnot , 3GeneTide , Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Electronic Northern calculations according to data from UniGene (Build 219 Homo sapiens), SAGE tags according to CGAP, plus additional links to SOURCE, and/or GNF BioGPS, and/or EXPOLDB, and/or UniProtKB,
    Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems )
    About This Section

    AACS expression in normal and diseased human tissues

     Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays for AACS

    1 / 2 / 3

    6 probe-sets matching AACS gene


    Affymetrix
    probe-set
    Array  GeneAnnot data GeneNote data GeneTide data
    # genes Sensitivity Specificity Correlation Length Gb_Accession Consensus Uniqueness Score Rank

    61331_at2, 3 U95-C 1 1.00 1.00 0.43 0.54 AI798645 1.00 1.00 1.00 1
    61332_at2, 3 U95-C 1 1.00 1.00 0.96 1.29 R39999 0.60 1.00 0.82 1
    57337_s_at2, 3 U95-C 1 1.00 1.00 0.90 1.20 AA640793 1.00 1.00 1.00 1
    47923_at2, 3 U95-B 1 1.00 1.00 0.93 0.98 W19606 1.00 1.00 1.00 1

    218434_s_at2, 3 U133-A 1 1.00 1.00 -- -- NM_023928 0.60 1.00 0.82 1

    218434_s_at2 U133Plus2 1 1.00 1.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- --
    GeneDecks  AACS for binary patterns associated with the probe-sets selected above  
    About GeneDecksing
    About this table    
    Data from (Publications) and GNF BioGPS
        About these images
    About these images

    CGAP SAGE TAG: CTGAAAAAAA

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.656073

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: AACS_HUMAN, Q86V21
    Tissue specificity: Highly expressed in kidney, heart and brain, but low in liver

    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD and/or 5MGI Jun 06 2009, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, Gene Trees according to Ensembl)
    About This Section


    Orthologs for AACS gene from 5/11 species (see all 11 )
    Organism Gene Locus Description Human
    Similarity
    NCBI accessions
    dog
    (Canis familiaris)
    AACS1   -- acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase 87.86(n)
    90.14(a)
    486240  XM_543365.2  XP_543365.2 
    chimpanzee
    (Pan troglodytes)
    AACS1   -- acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase 96.68(n)
    95.83(a)
    452361  XM_001135709.1  XP_001135709.1 
    cow
    (Bos taurus)
    AACS1   -- acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase 86.81(n)
    91.67(a)
    505842  XM_582199.3  XP_582199.3 
    rat
    (Rattus norvegicus)
    Aacs1   -- acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase 84.52(n)
    89.29(a)
    65984  NM_023104.1  NP_075592.1 
    mouse
    (Mus musculus)
    Aacs1, 5 55
    acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase1, 5 84.67(n)1
    89.88(a)1
    788941  NM_030210.11  NP_084486.11 
     AB0541225  AB0561145  (see all 43)
    About this table        Species with no ortholog for AACS

    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for AACS
    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene
    and 2Ensembl, Pseudogenes according to 3Pseudogene.org)
    About This Section

      --
    (According to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, and UniProtKB, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Genotyping Reagents from Applied Biosystems)
    About This Section


    10/451 NCBI SNPs in AACS are shown (see all 451 )
    (Click for Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Genotyping Assay)  (see all 119)
    ABGenomic DataTranscription DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidChr 12 posSequenceRecsAA
    Chg
    TypeMoreRecsAllele
    freq
    PopTotal
    sample
    More
    ------------
    --
    rs110580461,2
    A,C,F,H124193006(+) TGCAGC/TGGGAA 1 -- ut31 ese34Minor allele frequency- T:0.21EU EA WA 408
    rs37511791,2
    C,F,H124192738(+) GACTGG/CCTGGC 1 -- ut31 ese38Minor allele frequency- C:0.11EA NA EU WA 2024
    rs71379081,2
    A,F,H124115186(+) caggtC/Tatagg 1 -- ng513Minor allele frequency- T:0.01EU EA 290
    rs128318031,2
    C,F,H124127104(+) TTTACA/GTTGCA 1 I/V mis113Minor allele frequency- G:0.18EU EA WA NA 1248
    rs22974771,2
    C,F,H124193676(-) CATCAG/TATTAG 1 -- ut31 ese38Minor allele frequency- T:0.04EU EA WA 824
    rs110580471,2
    C,F,H124193285(+) AATGCA/GGGCCC 1 -- ut31 ese38Minor allele frequency- G:0.04EU EA WA 822
    --
    rs71336461,2
    A,C124114185(+) gccccC/Tactca 1 -- ng510--------
    --
    rs107731411,2
    A124115807(+) TTTGAA/GCGGCG 1 -- ng510--------
    --
    rs115490821,2
    C124193140(-) GGAGAA/GCCTGA 1 -- ut31 ese30--------
    --
    rs108468171,2
    C124115530(+) CAGAGA/GACAAG 1 -- ng510--------
    About this table

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium images for AACS (up to first 250kb)

    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to OMIM, UniProtKB, PharmGKB, Genatlas, GeneTests, Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, HGMD, GAD, HuGE Navigator, BCGD, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section

    Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator: AACS (1 document)

    (Possibly Related Articles in Doctor's Guide)
    About This Section

      --

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Novoseek, 2HGNC, 3Entrez Gene, 4UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 5UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 6GAD, and/or 7PharmGKB)
    About This Section

    9 PubMed articles for AACS gene:
    (in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
    About This Section

     ANDOR
    Aliases
    Free Text  

      Query String
    PubMed
    OMIM
    NCBI Bookshelf
      (Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)
    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, and/or H-InvDB)
    About This Section

    Entrez Gene: 65985 HGNC: 21298 AceView: AACS Ensembl:ENSG00000081760 euGenes: HUgn65985
    ECgene: AACS H-InvDB: AACS
    (According to HUGE)
    About This Section

      --
    (According to ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, MTDB, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
    Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
    About This Section

      --
    (Available from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts)
    About This Section

      --
    (Reagents available from Applied Biosystems, Antibodies and assays by Cell Signaling Technology, Abcam, Novus Biologicals,
    Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Millipore, Abnova, and/or Invitrogen, Clones available from OriGene,and/or Invitrogen, Drugs and/or compounds by Sigma-Aldrich,
    Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Tocris Bioscience)
    About This Section



    Products for AACS:
     TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays
     TaqMan ® Genotyping Assays
      Free SNP selection tool



      Invitrogen iPath Pathways  Invitrogen BLOCK-iT™ RNAi
      Invitrogen Antibodies  Invitrogen Assays
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      Invitrogen Proteins / Assays / Screening Services  Search Invitrogen catalog for AACS-related products

     Millipore Custom Antibody & Bulk Services
     Millipore Preclinical / Clinical Development Services
     Millipore Immunoassay Services
     Millipore Target Screening & Profiling Services


     Predesigned and custom siRNAs for AACS Browse antibodies at Sigma-Aldrich
     Explore super-pooled esiRNAs Browse proteins at Sigma-Aldrich
     Lentivirus-delivered shRNAs for AACS Browse small molecules at Sigma-Aldrich
     "Your Favorite Gene" Pathwaysfeedback


      
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