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TNF Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 76

GC06P031652

tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2)
Symbol approved by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) database
(Previous symbol: TNFA)

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc , and/or ⁷Ensembl, ⁸miRBase)
About This Section

Aliases
Cachectin ^³
DIF ^¹, ²
OTTHUMP00000029281 ^²
OTTHUMP00000037669 ^²
TNF-a ^³
TNF-alpha ^¹, ², ³
TNFA ^², ³, ⁵
TNFSF2 ^¹, ², ³
cachectin ^²

Descriptions
APC1 protein ^²
TNF superfamily, member 2 ^²
TNF, macrophage-derived ^²
TNF, monocyte-derived ^²
Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 2 ^³
tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2) ^²
tumor necrosis factor alpha ^²

External Ids
HGNC: 11892¹
Entrez Gene: 7124²
UniProtKB: P01375³
Ensembl: ENSG00000204490⁷

Search outside databases for aliases for TNF gene

Previous GC identifers: GC06P031606 GC06P031597 GC06P031314 GC06P031647

(According to Entrez Gene, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

EntrezGene summary for TNF:

This gene encodes a multifunctional proinflammatory cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis

factor (TNF) superfamily. This cytokine is mainly secreted by macrophages. It can bind to, and

thus functions through its receptors TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. This cytokine is involved

in the regulation of a wide spectrum of biological processes including cell proliferation,

differentiation, apoptosis, lipid metabolism, and coagulation. This cytokine has been implicated

in a variety of diseases, including autoimmune diseases, insulin resistance, and cancer. Knockout

studies in mice also suggested the neuroprotective function of this cytokine. [provided by RefSeq]

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TNFA_HUMAN, P01375

Function: Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by

macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing

fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion and is implicated in the

induction of cachexia, Under certain conditions it can stimulate cell proliferation and induce

cell differentiation

Gene Wiki entry for TNF (Tumor_necrosis_factor-alpha)

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 36),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC and Ensembl, Transcription factor binding sites according to SABiosciences)
About This Section

Genomic View:

UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Transcription factor binding sites upstream to the TNF gene

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 6p21.3 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 6p21.33 HGNC cytogenetic band: 6p21.3

TNF Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)

GeneLoc gene densities for chromosome 6 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC06P031652: (about GC identifiers)

Start:	31,651,329 bp from pter
End:	31,654,091 bp from pter
Size:	2,763 bases
Orientation:	plus strand

2 alternative locations:

Chr6+,c6_QBL 31,676,438-31,679,209

Chr6+,c6_COX 31,678,010-31,680,779

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000006.10 NT_007592.14 NT_113891.1 NT_113894.1

(According to ¹UniProtKB, and/or Ensembl, Phosphorylation sites according to ²Phosphosite, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from Invitrogen, Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Enzo Life Sciences, Abnova, OriGene and/or, Abcam,
Biochemical Assays by Invitrogen, Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, and/or Enzo Life Sciences, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by Invitrogen, Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, Abcam, Abnova, and/or Novus Biologicals)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TNFA_HUMAN, P01375 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Tumor necrosis factor precursor

Size: 233 amino acids; 25644 Da

Subunit: Homotrimer

Subcellular location: Cell membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein

Subcellular location: Tumor necrosis factor, soluble form: Secreted

Sequence caution: Sequence=AAF71992.1; Type=Frameshift; Positions=91, 157; Sequence=CAA75070.1;

Type=Erroneous gene model prediction;

PDB structures from and Proteopedia :

1A8M (3D)

1TNF (3D)

2AZ5 (3D)

2E7A (3D)

2TUN (3D)

2ZJC (3D)

2ZPX (3D)

4TSV (3D)

5TSW (3D)

Secondary accessions: O43647 Q9P1Q2 Q9UIV3

Post-translational modifications:

The soluble form derives from the membrane form by proteolytic processing¹

The membrane form, but not the soluble form, is phosphorylated on serine residues.

Dephosphorylation of the membrane form occurs by binding to soluble TNFRSF1A/TNFR1¹

O-glycosylated; glycans contain galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine and N-acetylneuraminic acid¹

REFSEQ proteins: NP_000585.2

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000365290

Human Recombinant Proteins

	Invitrogen human recombinant proteins for TNF
	Millipore Purified and/or Recombinant TNF Protein
	Sigma-Aldrich Proteins for TNF
	R&D Systems Recombinant & Natural Proteins for TNF (TNF-alpha/TNFSF1A)
	Enzo Life Sciences proteins for TNF
	Recombinant Proteins from Abcam (TNF alpha)
	Human Recombinant Proteins from Abnova (TNF)

OriGene Purified Recombinant Human Protein: TNF

5/8 Gene Ontology (GO) cellular component terms (links to tree view) (see all 8 ):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0001891	phagocytic cup	IEA	--
GO:0005576	extracellular region	IEA	--
GO:0005615	extracellular space	IEA	--
GO:0005886	plasma membrane	IEA	--
GO:0005887	integral to plasma membrane	IDA	18355445

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Antibodies for TNF:

	Invitrogen Antibodies for TNF
	Millipore Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies for the study of TNF
	Sigma-Aldrich Antibody Arrays and Antibodies for TNF
	R&D Systems Antibodies for TNF (TNF-alpha/TNFSF1A)
	Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Antibodies for TNF (TNF-a)
	Antibodies from Abcam (TNF alpha), each with their Abpromise^SM
	Browse Abnova for Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies
	Novus Biologicals Antibodies for TNF

Assays for TNF:

	Invitrogen Assays for TNF
	Millipore Kits and Assays for the Analysis of TNF
	R&D Systems Flow Cytometry Kits for TNF (TNF-alpha/TNFSF1A) (see all)
	Browse biochemical assays available from Enzo Life Sciences

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P01375

ProtoNet protein and cluster: P01375

3 Blocks protein families:

IPB002959 Tumour necrosis factor alpha (cachectin) signature

IPB006052 Tumor Necrosis Factor

IPB006053 Tumour necrosis factor family signature

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TNFA_HUMAN, P01375

Similarity: Belongs to the tumor necrosis factor family

(According to MGI Jun 06 2009, UniProtKB, IUBMB,and/or Genatlas,
shRNA from OriGene, Sigma-Aldrich, RNAi from Sigma-Aldrich,
RNAi Products, Clones, and Q-PCR Products from Invitrogen, Millipore, OriGene, and/or Abnova, siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, SYBR primers from OriGene, Cell-based Assays from Millipore, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Inhib. RNA:		Invitrogen RNAi Products for gene knock-down (TNF)
		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
		Abnova Chimera RNAi Products for Gene knock-down (TNF)

OriGene 29mer shRNA kit in GFP-retroviral vector: NM_000594

Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs for TNF

Sigma-Aldrich siRNA and siRNA Panels for TNF

Sigma-Aldrich shRNA Panels and shRNA for TNF

Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs

Clones:		Invitrogen Clones for TNF
		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from Millipore

OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_000594
Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_000594
untagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_000594

Primers:

Browse Quantitative PCR Central at Invitrogen for Q-PCR LUX™ Primers

OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs: NM_000594

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TNFA_HUMAN, P01375

Function: Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by

macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing

fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion and is implicated in the

induction of cachexia, Under certain conditions it can stimulate cell proliferation and induce

cell differentiation

Genatlas biochemistry entry for TNF:

tumor necrosis factor,alpha (cachectin),potent proinflammatory cytokine,involved in inflammatory

and immune responses,stimulating the sphingomyelinase (SMPD1),enhancing insulin resistance in

peripheral tissues of cancer patients,susceptibility factor for narcolepsy and myasthenia gravis

and cardiac sarcoidosis,with a common polymorphism in the promoter region (C->A) associated with

reduced circulating levels of TNF,mediating neuronal death in injured brain (by inducing

resistance to the protective effect of IGF1)

15/21 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 20 alleles) (MGI details for Tnf) (see all 21 ):

	adipose tissue	behavior/neurological	cellular	digestive/alimentary
embryogenesis	growth/size	hematopoietic system	homeostasis/metabolism	immune system
lethality-postnatal	lethality-prenatal/perinatal	life span-post-weaning/aging	liver/biliary system	muscle

3 Gene Ontology (GO) molecular function terms (links to tree view):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005125	cytokine activity	IEA	--
GO:0005164	tumor necrosis factor receptor binding	IEA	--
GO:0042802	identical protein binding	IDA	14512626

About this table

(Pathways according to Invitrogen (maps by GeneGo), Millipore, Cell Signaling Technology, Sigma-Aldrich, KEGG and/or UniProtKB,
Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Proteins Network according to SABiosciences, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, and/or ³STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 via Entrez Gene.)
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5/41 Sigma-Aldrich "Your Favorite Gene" Pathways for TNF (Your Favorite Gene powered by Ingenuity) (see all 41 )

LPS/IL-1 Mediated Inhibition of RXR Function
T Helper Cell Differentiation
14-3-3-mediated Signaling
Germ Cell-Sertoli Cell Junction Signaling
Airway Inflammation in Asthma

GeneDecks TNF for the pathways selected above

About GeneDecksing

Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for TNF

5/95 Interacting proteins for TNF (P01375^{1, 2} ENSP00000365290³) via UniProtKB, MINT, and/or STRING (see all 95 )

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
TNFRSF1B	P20333², ENSP00000365435³	MINT-48048 MINT-49370 STRING (score=.967)
TNFRSF1A	P19438¹^,², ENSP00000162749³	EBI-359977, EBI-299451 MINT-48045 MINT-49295 EBI-359977, EBI-299451 MINT-48045 MINT-49295 STRING (score=.906)
TNFRSF1A	P19438¹^,², ENSP00000162749³	EBI-359977, EBI-299451 MINT-48045 MINT-49295 EBI-359977, EBI-299451 MINT-48045 MINT-49295 STRING (score=.906)
TNFRSF1A	P19438¹^,², ENSP00000162749³	EBI-359977, EBI-299451 MINT-48045 MINT-49295 EBI-359977, EBI-299451 MINT-48045 MINT-49295 STRING (score=.906)
ICAM1	ENSP00000264832³	STRING (score=.969)

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5/57 Gene Ontology (GO) biological process terms (links to tree view) (see all 57 ):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0000060	protein import into nucleus, translocation	IDA	16280327
GO:0000122	negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter	IEA	--
GO:0000187	activation of MAPK activity	IDA	10748004
GO:0001775	cell activation	IEA	--
GO:0001934	positive regulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation	IDA	10748004

About this table

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, Sigma-Aldrich, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Novoseek and Drugs according to Enzo Life Sciences and/or PharmGKB)
About This Section

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Sigma-Aldrich Small Molecules for TNF:

Antagonist Blocker Inhibitor

Compounds for TNF available from Tocris Bioscience

Compound	Action	CAS number
Piceatannol	Inhibits TNF-induced NF-kappaB activation	[10083-24-6]
Bay 11-7821	Irreversible inhibitor of TNF-alpha-induced IkappaBalpha phosphorylation	[19542-67-7]
Thalidomide	TNF-alpha synthesis inhibitor	[50-35-1]
Bay 11-7085	Irreversible inhibitor of TNF-alpha-induced IkappaBalpha phosphorylation	[196309-76-9]

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10/40 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for TNF gene (see all 40 )

Compound	Score	Articles	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
endotoxin	87.28	2227	8687293 (8), 1643887 (7), 9185243 (7), 1770269 (7) (see all 99)
rantes	83.44	897	16466762 (6), 12663241 (6), 9527395 (6), 12388374 (5) (see all 99)
il 10	78.01	284	11166831 (5), 12719394 (5), 15800006 (5), 16389181 (3) (see all 99)
nitric oxide	76.05	3826	7706743 (11), 8046239 (9), 11566624 (9), 1517576 (8) (see all 99)
neopterin	74.06	398	15642275 (7), 2357253 (4), 1959936 (4), 8245346 (4) (see all 99)
fmlp	71.52	444	8329716 (5), 1846897 (5), 8695817 (4), 8973628 (3) (see all 99)
blys	70.96	128	17967830 (5), 12370363 (3), 19346949 (3), 11145839 (3) (see all 73)
ceramide	68.62	662	15023539 (6), 8831497 (5), 8923461 (5), 8034729 (5) (see all 99)
bcma	66.38	30	11827482 (2), 15697217 (2), 17464555 (1), 15692072 (1) (see all 21)
lipoteichoic acid	65.76	132	10858210 (6), 16521278 (4), 18266269 (3), 16365452 (3) (see all 61)

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4 PharmGKB drug compound relationships for TNF gene

Drug compound	PharmGKB Relations	PubMed IDs for articles supporting these relationships
dexamethasone	FA	7927746
glucocorticoids	FA	7927746
infliximab	PD	12190096
thalidomide	CO	12200397

About this table

(GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 219 Homo sapiens; Jun 2 2009) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView,
non coding RNAs according to RNAdb,
ESTs according to GeneTide,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from Invitrogen, Millipore, and/or Abnova,
siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, Sigma-Aldrich,
shRNA from Sigma-Aldrich, OriGene,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene,
Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems)
About This Section

Inhib. RNA:		Invitrogen RNAi Products for gene knock-down (TNF)
		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
		Abnova Chimera RNAi Products for Gene knock-down (TNF)

OriGene 29mer shRNA kit in GFP-retroviral vector: NM_000594

Sigma-Aldrich siRNA and siRNA Panels for TNF

Sigma-Aldrich shRNA Panels and shRNA for TNF

Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs

Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs:

NM_000594

REFSEQ mRNAs for TNF gene:

NM_000594.2

Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays:

NM_000594

              OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_000594
                                 Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_000594
                                 untagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_000594

Additional cDNA sequence:

AB451492.1 AF043342.1 AF098751.1 AJ227911.1 AK314960.1 BC028148.1 M10988.1 X01394.1

6 DOTS entries:

DT.447264 DT.75172441 DT.100717788 DT.121394302 DT.40132506 DT.95165288

24/68 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 68 ):

BM842415 CA307225 CA310368 BM762686 CD364761 BG232086 BM831593 X01394

BM844832 BC028148 NM_000594 AI242177 BI907528 CD368929 CD685388 AA381586

CD367794 CD366187 CD367676 AJ227911 CD368142 CA309664 AI088239 CA309509

highest scoring ESTs for TNF:

AA207088 AA371397 AA381586 AA381637 AA381742 AA699697 AA806915 AF043342 AI088239 AI242177

Unigene Cluster for TNF:

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2)

Hs.241570 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: BC028148

GeneLoc Exon Structure

1 Ensembl transcript including schematic representation:

ENST00000376122

(Experimental results according to ¹GeneNote and GNF BioGPS,
probe sets-to-genes annotations according to ²GeneAnnot , ³GeneTide , Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Electronic Northern calculations according to data from UniGene (Build 219 Homo sapiens), SAGE tags according to CGAP, plus additional links to SOURCE, and/or GNF BioGPS, and/or EXPOLDB, and/or UniProtKB,
Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems )
About This Section

TNF expression in normal and diseased human tissues

Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays for TNF

¹ / ² / ³

4 probe-sets matching TNF gene

Affymetrix probe-set	Array	# genes	Sensitivity	Specificity	Correlation	Length	Gb_Accession	Consensus	Uniqueness	Score	Rank
Affymetrix probe-set	Array	GeneAnnot data			GeneNote data		GeneTide data
259_s_at²^{, 3}	U95-A	1	1.00	1.00	0.80	1.06	M16441	0.20	0.50	0.38	1
1852_at²^{, 3}	U95-A	1	1.00	1.00	0.95	0.94	X02910	0.20	1.00	0.72	1
207113_s_at²^{, 3}	U133-A	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	NM_000594	0.60	1.00	0.82	1
207113_s_at²	U133Plus2	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	--	--	--	--	--

GeneDecks TNF for binary patterns associated with the probe-sets selected above

About GeneDecksing

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Data from

(Publications) and GNF BioGPS
About these images
About these images

CGAP SAGE TAG: TAGCCCCCTG

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.241570
Expression variation in blood from EXPOLDB for TNF

(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD and/or ⁵MGI Jun 06 2009, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, Gene Trees according to Ensembl)
About This Section

Orthologs for TNF gene from 5 species

Organism	Gene	Locus	Description	Human Similarity	NCBI accessions
dog (Canis familiaris)	TNF¹	--	tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2)	89.37(n) 88.79(a)	403922 XM_853330.1 XP_858423.1
chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)	TNF¹	--	tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2)	99.86(n) 100(a)	744399 XM_001152827.1 XP_001152827.1
cow (Bos taurus)	TNF¹	--	tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2)	84.26(n) 79.83(a)	280943 NM_173966.1 NP_776391.1
rat (Rattus norvegicus)	Tnf¹	--	tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2)	82.76(n) 79.74(a)	24835 NM_012675.2 NP_036807.1
mouse (Mus musculus)	Tnf^{1, 5}	17 (19.06 cM)⁵	tumor necrosis factor^{1, 5}	82.9(n)¹ 80.17(a)¹	21926¹ NM_013693.2¹ NP_038721.1¹ AB039224⁵ AB039225⁵ (see all 41)

About this table Species with no ortholog for TNF

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for TNF

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene
and ²Ensembl, Pseudogenes according to ³Pseudogene.org)
About This Section

Paralogs for TNF gene

TNFSF15² FASLG² ENSG00000204496² TNFSF14²

(According to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, and UniProtKB, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Genotyping Reagents from Applied Biosystems)
About This Section

10/69 NCBI SNPs in TNF are shown (see all 69 )
(Click for Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Genotyping Assay) (see all 87)

AB	SNP ID	Valid	Chr 6 pos	Sequence	Recs	AA Chg	Type	More	Recs	Pop	Total sample	More
AB	Genomic Data				Transcription Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--			--
	rs3093668^1,2	C,F,H,O	31654474(+)	`TTCGGG/CTGTCT`	1	--	ng3¹		26	NS NA EU EA WA MN CSAM	2460
--	rs4645843^1,2	C,F,H	31652541(+)	`AACCCC/TGAGTG`	1	P/L	mis¹ ese³		10	NS EU EA WA MN CSAM	980
--	rs3093666^1,2	C,F,H	31653712(+)	`CAGCCC/TTCCCC`	1	--	ut3¹ ese³		11	NS EU EA WA MN CSAM	908
	rs3093667^1,2	C,F,H	31653746(+)	`TGTTTG/TCACTT`	1	--	ut3¹		12	NS EU EA WA MN CSAM	1074
	rs4248164^1,2	C,F,H	31651327(+)	`GCAGAC/TGCTCC`	1	--	ng5¹ ese³		6	NS EU EA WA	748
	rs1800629^1,2	C,F,H	31651010(+)	`GCATGA/GGGACG`	1	--	ng5¹		43	NS MN CSAM EA EU WA NA	5218
	rs1800750^1,2	C,F,H	31650942(+)	`TGGAAG/ATTAGA`	1	--	ng5¹		20	NS MN CSAM EA EU WA NA	1952
	rs3093665^1,2	C,F,H	31653370(+)	`CCCTCA/CACCTC`	1	--	ut3¹ ese³		9	NS EU EA WA MN NA	600
--	rs4248162^1,2	C,F	31650748(+)	`GCTACC/ACCCAC`	1	--	ng5¹		2	NS	330
--	rs673^1,2	C,F	31651074(+)	`CCCTCG/AGAATC`	1	--	ng5¹		18	NS MN CSAM EA NA	1742

About this table

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium images for TNF (up to first 250kb)

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to OMIM, UniProtKB, Novoseek, PharmGKB, Genatlas, GeneTests, Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, HGMD, GAD, HuGE Navigator, BCGD, and/or TGDB.)
About This Section

OMIM: 191160

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TNFA_HUMAN, P01375

Cachexia accompanies a variety of diseases, including cancer and infection, and is

characterized by general ill health and malnutrition

Genetic variations in TNF are associated with susceptibility to psoriatic arthritis

[MIM:607507]. Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis that affects approximately 2% of the

population. It is characterized by red, scaly skin lesions that are usually found on the scalp,

elbows, and knees, and may be associated with severe arthritis. Psoriatic arthritis has been

defined as an inflammatory arthritis usually without any rheumatoid factor in serum (seronegative

arthritis) associated with psoriasis

Genetic variations in TNF are associated with susceptibility to hepatitis B virus

infection (HBV infection) [MIM:610424]. Approximately one third of all cases of cirrhosis and half

of all cases of hepatocellular carcinoma can be attributed to chronic HBV infection. HBV infection

may result in subclinical or asymptomatic infection, acute self-limited hepatitis, or fulminant

hepatitis requiring liver transplantation

10/97 Novoseek disease relationships for TNF gene (see all 97 )

Disease	Score	Articles	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
necrosis	99.04	74686	15626980 (12), 1595815 (11), 2374209 (11), 10561634 (10) (see all 99)
tumors	96.36	63671	15626980 (12), 1595815 (11), 2374209 (11), 10561634 (10) (see all 99)
inflammation	91.64	2883	17482668 (5), 7737534 (4), 9042105 (4), 9498158 (4) (see all 99)
rheumatoid arthritis	89.32	2282	1802490 (5), 15879156 (4), 8329189 (4), 8840223 (4) (see all 99)
sepsis	78.47	1080	1860332 (7), 15526005 (6), 2064171 (5), 8403981 (5) (see all 99)
shock septic	78.05	607	9366763 (8), 2285204 (5), 8318801 (5), 10966243 (4) (see all 99)
arthritis psoriatic	77.69	245	16284098 (4), 9326391 (4), 15838232 (3), 14678719 (3) (see all 99)
tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome	77.62	100	12352631 (2), 15689926 (2), 18347298 (2), 15492850 (2) (see all 69)
arthritis	76.38	607	8033415 (5), 9585810 (5), 7589090 (5), 8222316 (4) (see all 99)
spondylitis ankylosing	75.84	264	9704649 (4), 15838232 (3), 17414952 (3), 16763453 (3) (see all 99)

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9 PharmGKB disease relationships for TNF gene

Disease	PharmGKB Relations	PubMed IDs for articles supporting these relationships
Cardiovascular Diseases	CO GN	11472429
Coronary Arteriosclerosis	CO GN	11472429
Coronary Disease	CO GN	11472429
Crohn Disease	PD	12190096
Heart Failure, Congestive	CO GN	11472429
Inflammation	CO GN	11472429 11404167
Multiple Myeloma	CO	12200397
Periodontitis	GN	12795791
Sepsis	CO GN	10966243

About this table

Human Gene Mutation Database: TNF
Genetic Association Database: TNF
Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator: TNF (1860 documents)
Tumor Gene Database: TNF

(Possibly Related Articles in Doctor's Guide)
About This Section

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Novoseek, ²HGNC, ³Entrez Gene, ⁴UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁵UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁶GAD, and/or ⁷PharmGKB)
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10/12560 PubMed articles for TNF gene (see all 12560 ):

A positive response to infliximab in Crohn disease: association with a higher systemic inflammation before treatment but not with -308 TNF gene polymorphism. (PubMed id 12190096)^{3, 6, 7} Louis E....Belaiche J. (2002)
The effect of cytokine gene polymorphisms on pediatric heart allograft outcome. (PubMed id 11404167)^{3, 6, 7} Awad M.R....Zeevi A. (2001)
Human tumour necrosis factor: precursor structure, expression and homology to lymphotoxin. (PubMed id 6392892)^{2, 3, 4} Pennica D....Goeddel D.V. (1984)
TNF-alpha promoter, Nod2 and toll-like receptor-4 polymorphisms and the in vivo and ex vivo response to endotoxin. (PubMed id 15016407)^{1, 3, 6} Schippers E.F....van Dissel J.T. (2004)
Relation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) gene polymorphisms with serum concentrations and in vitro production of TNF-alpha and interleukin-8 in heavy drinkers. (PubMed id 15902922)^{1, 3, 6} Gonzalez-Quintela A....Perez L.F. (2004)
Interleukin-10 and tumor necrosis factor gene polymorphisms and risk of coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. (PubMed id 11689215)^{1, 3, 6} Koch W....Schomig A. (2001)
Genetic variation in the stress protein hsp70-2 gene is highly associated with obesity. (PubMed id 11319647)^{1, 3, 6} Chouchane L....Strosberg A.D. (2001)
Polymorphism of cytokine genes (TGF-beta1, IFN-gamma, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-alpha) in patients with chronic pancreatitis. (PubMed id 15841043)^{1, 3, 6} Bendicho M.T....Lemaire D.C. (2005)
-238 and +489 TNF-alpha along with TNF-RII gene polymorphisms associate with the diffuse phenotype in patients with Systemic Sclerosis. (PubMed id 15585313)^{1, 3, 6} Tolusso B....Ferraccioli G. (2005)
Polymorphisms in the +252(A/G) lymphotoxin-alpha and the -308(A/G) tumor necrosis factor-alpha genes and susceptibility to chronic periodontitis in a Czech population. (PubMed id 12828656)^{1, 3, 6} Fassmann A....Vanek J. (2003)

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(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, and/or H-InvDB)
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Entrez Gene: 7124	HGNC: 11892	AceView: TNF	Ensembl:ENSG00000204490	euGenes: HUgn7124
ECgene: TNF	H-InvDB: TNF

(According to HUGE)
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(According to ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, MTDB, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
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Name	Description
ATLAS Chromosomes in Cancer entry for TNF	Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
Wikipedia	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumor_necrosis_factor-alpha
NIEHS-SNPs	http://egp.gs.washington.edu/data/tnf/
SeattleSNPs	http://pga.gs.washington.edu/data/tnf/
SHMPD	http://shmpd.bii.a-star.edu.sg/gene.php?genestart=A&genename=TNF

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TNF Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 76

Aliases &
Descriptions
for TNF

Summaries
for TNF

Genomic Location
for TNF

Proteins
for TNF

Protein Domains/
Families
for TNF

Gene Function
for TNF

Pathways & Interactions
for TNF

Drugs & Compounds
for TNF

Transcripts
for TNF

Expression
for TNF

Orthologs
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for TNF

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for TNF

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for TNF

Medical News
for TNF

Publications
for TNF

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Genome Databases showing TNF

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Gene Index: 3 5 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

TNF Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 76

Aliases & Descriptionsfor TNF

Summariesfor TNF

Genomic Locationfor TNF

Proteinsfor TNF

Protein Domains/Familiesfor TNF

Gene Functionfor TNF

Pathways & Interactionsfor TNF

Drugs & Compoundsfor TNF

Transcriptsfor TNF

Expression for TNF

Orthologsfor TNF

Paralogsfor TNF

SNPs/Variantsfor TNF

Disorders & Mutationsfor TNF

Medical Newsfor TNF

Publicationsfor TNF

Search for TNF

Genome Databases showing TNF

Other Databases showing TNF

Specialized Databases showing TNF

Licensable Technologiesfor TNF

Servicesfor TNF

Gene Index: 3 5 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Aliases &
Descriptions
for TNF

Summaries
for TNF

Genomic Location
for TNF

Proteins
for TNF

Protein Domains/
Families
for TNF

Gene Function
for TNF

Pathways & Interactions
for TNF

Drugs & Compounds
for TNF

Transcripts
for TNF

Expression
for TNF

Orthologs
for TNF

Paralogs
for TNF

SNPs/Variants
for TNF

Disorders & Mutations
for TNF

Medical News
for TNF

Publications
for TNF

Licensable Technologies
for TNF

Services
for TNF