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PTGS2 Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 72

GC01M184907

prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase)
Symbol approved by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) database

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc , and/or ⁷Ensembl, ⁸miRBase)
About This Section

Aliases
COX-2 ^², ³
COX2 ^¹, ², ³
Cyclooxygenase-2 ^³
EC 1.14.99.1 ^³
GRIPGHS ^²
OTTHUMP00000033524 ^²
PGG/HS ^²
PGHS-2 ^², ³
PHS-2 ^²
hCox-2 ^²

Descriptions
PGH synthase 2 ^³
PHS II ^³
Prostaglandin H2 synthase 2 ^³
Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 ^², ³
cyclooxygenase 2b ^²
prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase ^²
prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) ^²

External Ids
HGNC: 9605¹
Entrez Gene: 5743²
UniProtKB: P35354³
Ensembl: ENSG00000073756⁷

Search outside databases for aliases for PTGS2 gene

Previous GC identifers: GC01M184166 GC01M182068 GC01M183160 GC01M183879 GC01M183372

(According to Entrez Gene, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

EntrezGene summary for PTGS2:

Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), also known as cyclooxygenase, is the key enzyme in

prostaglandin biosynthesis, and acts both as a dioxygenase and as a peroxidase. There are two

isozymes of PTGS: a constitutive PTGS1 and an inducible PTGS2, which differ in their regulation of

expression and tissue distribution. This gene encodes the inducible isozyme. It is regulated by

specific stimulatory events, suggesting that it is responsible for the prostanoid biosynthesis

involved in inflammation and mitogenesis. [provided by RefSeq]

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PGH2_HUMAN, P35354

Function: May have a role as a major mediator of inflammation and/or a role for prostanoid

signaling in activity-dependent plasticity

Gene Wiki entry for PTGS2

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 36),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC and Ensembl, Transcription factor binding sites according to SABiosciences)
About This Section

Genomic View:

UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Transcription factor binding sites upstream to the PTGS2 gene

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 1q25.2-q25.3 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 1q31.1 HGNC cytogenetic band: 1q25.2-q25.3

PTGS2 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)

GeneLoc gene densities for chromosome 1 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC01M184907: (about GC identifiers)

Start:	184,907,592 bp from pter
End:	184,916,179 bp from pter
Size:	8,588 bases
Orientation:	minus strand

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000001.9 NT_004487.18

(According to ¹UniProtKB, and/or Ensembl, Phosphorylation sites according to ²Phosphosite, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from Invitrogen, Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Enzo Life Sciences, Abnova, OriGene and/or, Abcam,
Biochemical Assays by Invitrogen, Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, and/or Enzo Life Sciences, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by Invitrogen, Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, Abcam, Abnova, and/or Novus Biologicals)
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UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PGH2_HUMAN, P35354 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 precursor

Size: 604 amino acids; 68996 Da

Cofactor: Binds 1 heme B (iron-protoporphyrin IX) group per subunit (By similarity)

Subunit: Homodimer (By similarity)

Subcellular location: Microsome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Endoplasmic reticulum

membrane; Peripheral membrane protein

Miscellaneous: This enzyme acts both as a dioxygenase and as a peroxidase

Miscellaneous: This enzyme is the target of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin

PDB structures from and Proteopedia :

1V0X (3D)

Secondary accessions: Q16876

Post-translational modifications:

View phosphorylation sites using PhosphoSite²

REFSEQ proteins: NP_000954.1

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000356438

Human Recombinant Proteins

	Browse Drug Discovery Central at Invitrogen for human recombinant proteins
	Millipore Purified and/or Recombinant PTGS2 Protein
	Sigma-Aldrich Proteins for PTGS2
	Browse R&D Systems for human recombinant proteins
	Browse recombinant and purified proteins available from Enzo Life Sciences
	Recombinant Proteins from Abcam (Cox 1+2, COX2 / Cyclooxygenase 2)
	Human Recombinant Proteins from Abnova (PTGS2)

Browse Origene for full length recombinant human proteins expressed in human HEK293 cells

5/8 Gene Ontology (GO) cellular component terms (links to tree view) (see all 8 ):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005634	nucleus	ISS	--
GO:0005737	cytoplasm	ISS	--
GO:0005783	endoplasmic reticulum	IEA	--
GO:0005788	endoplasmic reticulum lumen	EXP	4514999
GO:0005789	endoplasmic reticulum membrane	IEA	--

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Antibodies for PTGS2:

	Invitrogen Antibodies for PTGS2
	Millipore Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies for the study of PTGS2
	Sigma-Aldrich Antibody Arrays and Antibodies for PTGS2
	R&D Systems Antibodies for PTGS2 (COX-2)
	Antibodies from Abcam (Cox 1+2, COX2 / Cyclooxygenase 2), each with their Abpromise^SM
	Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies from Abnova (PTGS2)
	Novus Biologicals Antibodies for PTGS2

Assays for PTGS2:

	Browse Invitrogen for biochemical assays
	Browse Kits and Assays available from Millipore
	Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
	Browse biochemical assays available from Enzo Life Sciences

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P35354

ProtoNet protein and cluster: P35354

3 Blocks protein families:

IPB002007 Animal haem peroxidase signature

IPB006210 Type I EGF

IPB010255 Haem peroxidase

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PGH2_HUMAN, P35354

Similarity: Belongs to the prostaglandin G/H synthase family

Similarity: Contains 1 EGF-like domain

(According to MGI Jun 06 2009, UniProtKB, IUBMB,and/or Genatlas,
shRNA from OriGene, Sigma-Aldrich, RNAi from Sigma-Aldrich,
RNAi Products, Clones, and Q-PCR Products from Invitrogen, Millipore, OriGene, and/or Abnova, siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, SYBR primers from OriGene, Cell-based Assays from Millipore, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Inhib. RNA:		Invitrogen RNAi Products for gene knock-down (PTGS2)
		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
		Abnova Chimera RNAi Products for Gene knock-down (PTGS2)

OriGene 29mer shRNA kit in GFP-retroviral vector: NM_000963

Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs for PTGS2

Sigma-Aldrich siRNA and siRNA Panels for PTGS2

Sigma-Aldrich shRNA Panels and shRNA for PTGS2

Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs

Clones:		Invitrogen Clones for PTGS2
		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from Millipore

OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_000963
Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_000963
untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): NM_000963

Primers:

Browse Quantitative PCR Central at Invitrogen for Q-PCR LUX™ Primers

OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs: NM_000963

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PGH2_HUMAN, P35354

Function: May have a role as a major mediator of inflammation and/or a role for prostanoid

signaling in activity-dependent plasticity

Catalytic activity: Arachidonate + AH(2) + 2 O(2) = prostaglandin H(2) + A + H(2)O

Induction: By cytokines and mitogens

Enzyme Number (IUBMB): EC 1.14.99.1

Genatlas biochemistry entry for PTGS2:

prostaglandin G/H synthase 2,mitogen and cytokine inducible form (lipocalin family,Kernel

group),monomer,potent mediator of inflammation,playing a minor role in colorectal

carcinogenesis,overexpressed in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck,putatively involved

in the tumor tissue response to necrosis

15/22 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 11 alleles) (MGI details for Ptgs2) (see all 22 ):

	behavior/neurological	digestive/alimentary	embryogenesis	endocrine/exocrine gland
growth/size	hematopoietic system	homeostasis/metabolism	immune system	lethality-postnatal
lethality-prenatal/perinatal	life span-post-weaning/aging	liver/biliary system	muscle	no phenotypic analysis

5/8 Gene Ontology (GO) molecular function terms (links to tree view) (see all 8 ):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0004601	peroxidase activity	NAS	14511332
GO:0004666	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity	NAS	14511332
GO:0005515	protein binding	IEA	--
GO:0008289	lipid binding	IEA	--
GO:0016491	oxidoreductase activity	IEA	--

About this table

(Pathways according to Invitrogen (maps by GeneGo), Millipore, Cell Signaling Technology, Sigma-Aldrich, KEGG and/or UniProtKB,
Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Proteins Network according to SABiosciences, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, and/or ³STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 via Entrez Gene.)
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5/10 Sigma-Aldrich "Your Favorite Gene" Pathways for PTGS2 (Your Favorite Gene powered by Ingenuity) (see all 10 )

Tryptophan Metabolism
Corticotropin Releasing Hormone Signaling
MIF Regulation of Innate Immunity
IL-8 Signaling
Endothelin-1 Signaling

GeneDecks PTGS2 for the pathways selected above

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UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PGH2_HUMAN, P35354

Pathway: Lipid metabolism; prostaglandin biosynthesis

Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for PTGS2

5/295 Interacting proteins for PTGS2 (ENSP00000356438³) via UniProtKB, MINT, and/or STRING (see all 295 )

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
PLA2G1B	ENSP00000312286³	STRING (score=.997)
FOS	ENSP00000306245³	STRING (score=.996)
MAPK3	ENSP00000263025³	STRING (score=.996)
IL1B	ENSP00000263341³	STRING (score=.991)
MAPK14	ENSP00000229794³	STRING (score=.99)

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5/9 Gene Ontology (GO) biological process terms (links to tree view) (see all 9 ):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0006633	fatty acid biosynthetic process	IEA	--
GO:0006928	cell motion	TAS	9630216
GO:0006979	response to oxidative stress	IEA	--
GO:0008217	regulation of blood pressure	ISS	--
GO:0008285	negative regulation of cell proliferation	IEA	--

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(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, Sigma-Aldrich, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Novoseek and Drugs according to Enzo Life Sciences and/or PharmGKB)
About This Section

Enzo Life Sciences drugs & compounds for PTGS2

Sigma-Aldrich Small Molecules for PTGS2:

Blocker Inhibitor

Compounds for PTGS2 available from Tocris Bioscience

Compound	Action	CAS number
FK 3311	Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor	[116686-15-8]
DuP 697	Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor	[88149-94-4]
NS 398	Cyclooxygenase (COX-2) inhibitor	[123653-11-2]
SC 58125	Selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor	[162054-19-5]
Nimesulide	Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor	[51803-78-2]

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10/16 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for PTGS2 gene (see all 16 )

Compound	Score	Articles	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
prostaglandin	92.67	1234	10735591 (5), 10692251 (4), 9016346 (4), 8063757 (3) (see all 99)
arachidonic acid	88.37	709	9373167 (6), 9461572 (5), 9973312 (4), 9031736 (4) (see all 99)
lumiracoxib	87.76	110	17434872 (7), 15655513 (5), 16372823 (5), 16598848 (3) (see all 61)
prostaglandin-h2	75.96	32	19035518 (2), 10734173 (1), 15020596 (1), 9249588 (1) (see all 23)
thromboxane	73.00	148	10639016 (3), 15118886 (3), 11159047 (3), 11179120 (3) (see all 80)
txb2	72.88	70	10639016 (2), 12393940 (2), 15017615 (2), 16509831 (2) (see all 43)
nitric oxide	70.43	1131	14566822 (8), 11467644 (6), 16007171 (6), 18067925 (6) (see all 99)
thromboxane a2	69.59	139	16516813 (4), 10480288 (3), 16087791 (3), 11483590 (3) (see all 74)
6-ketoprostaglandin f1alpha	68.44	35	16467309 (3), 11310828 (2), 8263161 (1), 10450786 (1) (see all 30)
licofelone	68.05	15	18550688 (4), 17695530 (3), 14752171 (2), 14752172 (2) (see all 7)

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5 PharmGKB drug compound relationships for PTGS2 gene

Drug compound	PharmGKB Relations	PubMed IDs for articles supporting these relationships
celecoxib	CO	15713944
glucocorticoids	FA	9822711
rofecoxib	CO PD FA	12086290 15226279 15384741 15713943
statin	FA	15530865
valdecoxib	CO	15713945

About this table

(GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 219 Homo sapiens; Jun 2 2009) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView,
non coding RNAs according to RNAdb,
ESTs according to GeneTide,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from Invitrogen, Millipore, and/or Abnova,
siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, Sigma-Aldrich,
shRNA from Sigma-Aldrich, OriGene,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene,
Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems)
About This Section

Inhib. RNA:		Invitrogen RNAi Products for gene knock-down (PTGS2)
		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
		Abnova Chimera RNAi Products for Gene knock-down (PTGS2)

OriGene 29mer shRNA kit in GFP-retroviral vector: NM_000963

Sigma-Aldrich siRNA and siRNA Panels for PTGS2

Sigma-Aldrich shRNA Panels and shRNA for PTGS2

Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs

Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs:

NM_000963

REFSEQ mRNAs for PTGS2 gene:

NM_000963.2

Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays:

NM_000963

              OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_000963
                                 Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_000963
                                 untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): NM_000963

Additional cDNA sequence:

AJ634912.1 AK292167.1 AY151286.1 AY462100.1 BC013734.1 L15326.1 M90100.1

3 DOTS entries:

DT.413375 DT.91935010 DT.121406567

24/101 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 101 ):

BM978796 CD365731 BQ722004 BG236304 BQ100978 AA644211 AY462100 BC013734

CK823043 CB143773 CK823042 BP335244 AJ634912 AL710813 BG152882 BQ100700

CB960307 D58162 AA296431 AI971172 L15326 BQ005329 AY151286 CA436148

highest scoring ESTs for PTGS2:

AJ634912 AY462100 BC013734 BE785396 CB960307 L15326 M90100 AA296431 AA298098 AA371396

Unigene Cluster for PTGS2:

Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase)

Hs.196384 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_000963

GeneLoc Exon Structure

5 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for PTGS2

ExUns:	1a	·	1b	·	1c	·	1d	^	2	^	3	^	4a	·	4b	^	5a	·	5b	^	6	^	7	^	8	^	9a	·	9b	^	10a	·	10b
SP1:																											-
SP2:																	-										-
SP3:																											-
SP4:
SP5:

About this scheme

ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for PTGS2

1 Ensembl transcript including schematic representation:

ENST00000367468

(Experimental results according to ¹GeneNote and GNF BioGPS,
probe sets-to-genes annotations according to ²GeneAnnot , ³GeneTide , Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Electronic Northern calculations according to data from UniGene (Build 219 Homo sapiens), SAGE tags according to CGAP, plus additional links to SOURCE, and/or GNF BioGPS, and/or EXPOLDB, and/or UniProtKB,
Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems )
About This Section

PTGS2 expression in normal and diseased human tissues

Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays for PTGS2

¹ / ² / ³

4 probe-sets matching PTGS2 gene

Affymetrix probe-set	Array	# genes	Sensitivity	Specificity	Correlation	Length	Gb_Accession	Consensus	Uniqueness	Score	Rank
Affymetrix probe-set	Array	GeneAnnot data			GeneNote data		GeneTide data
1069_at²^{, 3}	U95-A	1	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	U04636	0.20	1.00	0.72	1
204748_at²^{, 3}	U133-A	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	NM_000963	0.60	1.00	0.82	1
204748_at²	U133Plus2	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
1554997_a_at²	U133Plus2	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	--	--	--	--	--

GeneDecks PTGS2 for binary patterns associated with the probe-sets selected above

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Data from

(Publications) and GNF BioGPS
About these images
About these images

CGAP SAGE TAG: CTGTTCCTTT

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.196384
Expression variation in blood from EXPOLDB for PTGS2

(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD and/or ⁵MGI Jun 06 2009, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, Gene Trees according to Ensembl)
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Orthologs for PTGS2 gene from 5/11 species (see all 11 )

Organism	Gene	Locus	Description	Human Similarity	NCBI accessions
dog (Canis familiaris)	PTGS2¹	--	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin more	88.3(n) 90.07(a)	442942 NM_001003354.1 NP_001003354.1
chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)	PTGS2¹	--	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin more	99.5(n) 99.67(a)	469616 XM_524999.2 XP_524999.2
cow (Bos taurus)	PTGS2¹	--	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin more	87.69(n) 88.91(a)	282023 NM_174445.2 NP_776870.1
rat (Rattus norvegicus)	Ptgs2¹	--	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	83.17(n) 84.91(a)	29527 NM_017232.2 NP_058928.2
mouse (Mus musculus)	Ptgs2^{1, 5}	1 (76.20 cM)⁵	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2^{1, 5}	84.71(n)¹ 86.75(a)¹	19225¹ NM_011198.3¹ NP_035328.2¹ AK049923⁵ AK144726⁵ (see all 19)

About this table Species with no ortholog for PTGS2

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for PTGS2

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene
and ²Ensembl, Pseudogenes according to ³Pseudogene.org)
About This Section

Paralogs for PTGS2 gene

PTGS1²

(According to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, and UniProtKB, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Genotyping Reagents from Applied Biosystems)
About This Section

10/165 NCBI SNPs in PTGS2 are shown (see all 165 )
(Click for Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Genotyping Assay) (see all 98)

AB	SNP ID	Valid	Chr 1 pos	Sequence	Recs	AA Chg	Type	More	Recs	Pop	Total sample	More
AB	Genomic Data				Transcription Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--			--
	rs5275^1,2	A,C,F,H	184909681(-)	`TTGGTC/TATTTT`	1	--	ut3¹		30	MN CSAM EA EU WA NS NA	2950
--	rs4648307^1,2	A,C,F,H	184907326(-)	`GATGGA/AA /C/GCAAACA`	1	--	ng5¹		16	NS EU EA WA NA	1486
	rs20415^1,2	C,F,H,O	184917311(-)	`GAATAG/AAAAAT`	1	--	ng3¹		16	MN CSAM EA NS EU WA NA	1250
	rs2206593^1,2	C,F,H,O	184909052(+)	`ATATCG/ATTATT`	1	--	ut3¹ ese³		26	EU EA WA NS NA	2580
	rs5276^1,2	A,C,F,O	184909610(-)	`TACCAG/ATAATT`	1	--	ut3¹ ese³		13	MN CSAM EA NS NA	1070
	rs689466^1,2	C,F,H,O	184917374(-)	`TTCCAA/GCTGTC`	1	--	ng3¹		31	NS EA NA EU WA	3044
	rs20419^1,2	C,F,H,O	184916786(-)	`ATGTAT/CGTGCT`	1	--	ng3¹		16	MN CSAM EA NS EU WA NA	1256
	rs689470^1,2	A,C,F,H	184907681(-)	`GTATGC/TGAATG`	1	--	ut3¹ ese³		24	MN CSAM EA NS EU WA	2398
	rs20424^1,2	C,F,O	184916241(-)	`ACAGTC/GATTTC`	1	--	ng3¹		18	MN CSAM EA NS NA	1442
--	rs4648306^1,2	A,C,F	184907327(-)	`AGATGG/ACAAAC`	1	--	ng5¹		3	NS	264

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HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium images for PTGS2 (up to first 250kb)

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to OMIM, UniProtKB, Novoseek, PharmGKB, Genatlas, GeneTests, Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, HGMD, GAD, HuGE Navigator, BCGD, and/or TGDB.)
About This Section

OMIM: 600262

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PGH2_HUMAN, P35354

Likely to play a role in inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis

10/98 Novoseek disease relationships for PTGS2 gene (see all 98 )

Disease	Score	Articles	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
inflammation	81.66	1013	16580899 (5), 11437671 (4), 10414396 (4), 12669881 (4) (see all 99)
osteoarthritis	78.97	249	15974939 (4), 10560596 (3), 10463513 (2), 18430793 (2) (see all 99)
colon cancer	78.04	544	19437564 (7), 12432918 (6), 7641194 (5), 18702823 (5) (see all 99)
colorectal cancer	75.48	650	16324362 (7), 16551850 (7), 19132985 (6), 15754389 (6) (see all 99)
tumors	75.47	3284	15200266 (8), 19329856 (7), 15800977 (7), 16139560 (7) (see all 99)
gastrointestinal complications	75.07	41	15475342 (3), 15190384 (2), 17552414 (2), 11570031 (1) (see all 27)
cancer	74.00	1577	16124396 (6), 12692419 (6), 17428102 (5), 16007171 (5) (see all 99)
familial adenomatous polyposis	72.63	122	14581346 (3), 10874062 (3), 16622748 (2), 11495083 (2) (see all 83)
gastrointestinal ulcers	71.34	18	17611980 (1), 12208114 (1), 18356636 (1), 11961974 (1) (see all 13)
rheumatoid arthritis	69.34	186	15974939 (3), 18261308 (3), 11087881 (2), 15775145 (2) (see all 99)

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3 PharmGKB disease relationships for PTGS2 gene

Disease	PharmGKB Relations	PubMed IDs for articles supporting these relationships
Colorectal Neoplasms	CO	15713944 15713943
Hypertension	PD	15226279
Neoplasms	FA	15384741

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Human Gene Mutation Database: PTGS2
Genetic Association Database: PTGS2
Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator: PTGS2 (167 documents)

(Possibly Related Articles in Doctor's Guide)
About This Section

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Novoseek, ²HGNC, ³Entrez Gene, ⁴UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁵UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁶GAD, and/or ⁷PharmGKB)
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10/4506 PubMed articles for PTGS2 gene (see all 4506 ):

Human cyclooxygenase-2 cDNA. (PubMed id 1380156)^{2, 3, 4} Hla T. and Neilson K. (1992)
Testing for colon neoplasia susceptibility variants at the human COX2 locus. (PubMed id 11309440)^{1, 3, 6} Wiesner G.L....Markowitz S.D. (2001)
Characterization of the human gene (PTGS2) encoding prostaglandin- endoperoxide synthase 2. (PubMed id 8181472)^{1, 3, 4} Kosaka T.... Tanabe T. (1994)
Polymorphisms in prostaglandin synthase 2/cyclooxygenase 2 (PTGS2/COX2) and risk of colorectal cancer. (PubMed id 15173859)^{1, 3, 6} Cox D.G....Moreno V. (2004)
Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) gene polymorphisms and risk of biliary tract cancer and gallstones: a population-based study in Shanghai, China. (PubMed id 16361272)^{1, 3, 6} Sakoda L.C....Hsing A.W. (2006)
Polymorphism in the nuclear factor kappa-B binding promoter region of cyclooxygenase-2 is associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer. (PubMed id 15596291)^{1, 3, 6} Kang S....Lee H.P. (2005)
A common polymorphism in the 3'UTR of cyclooxygenase 2/prostaglandin synthase 2 gene and risk of lung cancer in a Chinese population. (PubMed id 15777967)^{1, 3, 6} Hu Z....Shen H. (2005)
COX-2 gene promoter haplotypes and prostate cancer risk. (PubMed id 14754878)^{1, 3, 6} Panguluri R.C....Kittles R.A. (2004)
The cyclooxygenase 2 -765 C promoter allele is a protective factor for Alzheimer's disease. (PubMed id 16309832)^{1, 3, 6} Abdullah L....Mullan M. (2006)
Haplotype of prostaglandin synthase 2/cyclooxygenase 2 is involved in the susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease. (PubMed id 16273614)^{1, 3, 6} Cox D.G....Canzian F. (2005)

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Aliases
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(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, and/or H-InvDB)
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Entrez Gene: 5743	HGNC: 9605	AceView: PTGS2	Ensembl:ENSG00000073756	euGenes: HUgn5743
ECgene: PTGS2	H-InvDB: PTGS2

(According to HUGE)
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(According to ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, MTDB, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
About This Section

Name	Description
ATLAS Chromosomes in Cancer entry for PTGS2	Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
NIEHS-SNPs	http://egp.gs.washington.edu/data/ptgs2/
SeattleSNPs	http://pga.gs.washington.edu/data/ptgs2/

Licensable Technologies for PTGS2
(Available from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts)

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(Reagents available from Applied Biosystems, Antibodies and assays by Cell Signaling Technology, Abcam, Novus Biologicals,
Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Millipore, Abnova, and/or Invitrogen, Clones available from OriGene,and/or Invitrogen, Drugs and/or compounds by Sigma-Aldrich,
Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Tocris Bioscience)
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Products for PTGS2:

TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays

TaqMan ® Genotyping Assays

Free SNP selection tool

Invitrogen iPath Pathways	Invitrogen BLOCK-iT™ RNAi
Invitrogen Antibodies	Invitrogen Assays
Invitrogen Clones	Invitrogen Q-PCR Products
Invitrogen Human Recombinant Kinases	Invitrogen Custom Antibody and Peptide Service
Invitrogen Proteins / Assays / Screening Services	Search Invitrogen catalog for PTGS2-related products

	Millipore Custom Antibody & Bulk Services
	Millipore Preclinical / Clinical Development Services
	Millipore Immunoassay Services
	Millipore Target Screening & Profiling Services

	Predesigned and custom siRNAs for PTGS2		Antibodies for PTGS2
	Explore super-pooled esiRNAs		Proteins for PTGS2
	Lentivirus-delivered shRNAs for PTGS2		Small molecules for PTGS2
	"Your Favorite Gene" Pathways		feedback

	Antibodies		Primer Pairs
	Cell Culture Products		ELISAs
	Flow Cytometry Kits		Protease Activity Assays & Reagents
	Cell Selection/Detection Kits & Reagents		ELISA/Assay Development Kits & Reagents
	Multiplex/Array Assay Kits & Reagents		ELISpot Kits & Development Modules
	Recombinant & Natural Proteins

	Recombinant Proteins (PTGS2)
	Antibodies (PTGS2)
	Chimera RNAi (PTGS2)
	Custom Service for Mouse Mab
	Custom Service for Rabbit Pab from Full-length Protein

Search for Antibodies & Assays

	Recombinant Proteins (Cox 1+2, COX2 / Cyclooxygenase 2)
	Antibodies (Cox 1+2, COX2 / Cyclooxygenase 2)

Search OriGene for PTGS2

Tocris compounds for PTGS2

	Drugs for PTGS2
	Search www.enzolifesicences.com for proteins, assays, substrates, inhibitors & antibodies

Antibodies for PTGS2

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Gene Index: 3 5 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

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PTGS2 Gene at Home site.
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PTGS2 Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 72

Aliases &
Descriptions
for PTGS2

Summaries
for PTGS2

Genomic Location
for PTGS2

Proteins
for PTGS2

Protein Domains/
Families
for PTGS2

Gene Function
for PTGS2

Pathways & Interactions
for PTGS2

Drugs & Compounds
for PTGS2

Transcripts
for PTGS2

Expression
for PTGS2

Orthologs
for PTGS2

Paralogs
for PTGS2

SNPs/Variants
for PTGS2

Disorders & Mutations
for PTGS2

Medical News
for PTGS2

Publications
for PTGS2

Search for PTGS2

Genome Databases showing PTGS2

Other Databases showing PTGS2

Specialized Databases showing PTGS2

Licensable Technologies
for PTGS2

Services
for PTGS2

Gene Index: 3 5 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

PTGS2 Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 72

Aliases & Descriptionsfor PTGS2

Summariesfor PTGS2

Genomic Locationfor PTGS2

Proteinsfor PTGS2

Protein Domains/Familiesfor PTGS2

Gene Functionfor PTGS2

Pathways & Interactionsfor PTGS2

Drugs & Compoundsfor PTGS2

Transcriptsfor PTGS2

Expression for PTGS2

Orthologsfor PTGS2

Paralogsfor PTGS2

SNPs/Variantsfor PTGS2

Disorders & Mutationsfor PTGS2

Medical Newsfor PTGS2

Publicationsfor PTGS2

Search for PTGS2

Genome Databases showing PTGS2

Other Databases showing PTGS2

Specialized Databases showing PTGS2

Licensable Technologiesfor PTGS2

Servicesfor PTGS2

Gene Index: 3 5 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Aliases &
Descriptions
for PTGS2

Summaries
for PTGS2

Genomic Location
for PTGS2

Proteins
for PTGS2

Protein Domains/
Families
for PTGS2

Gene Function
for PTGS2

Pathways & Interactions
for PTGS2

Drugs & Compounds
for PTGS2

Transcripts
for PTGS2

Expression
for PTGS2

Orthologs
for PTGS2

Paralogs
for PTGS2

SNPs/Variants
for PTGS2

Disorders & Mutations
for PTGS2

Medical News
for PTGS2

Publications
for PTGS2

Licensable Technologies
for PTGS2

Services
for PTGS2