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Category Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21

GIFtS
-

PTGS1 Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 72
GCID: GC09P125133

prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H...

Explore 167 diseases affiliated with
PTGS1 via

MalaCards

our new
Human Malady Compendium

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 1 (Prostaglandin G/H Synthase And Cyclooxygenase)¹ ²		PES-1²
COX1¹ ² ³ ⁵		PGG/HS²
PGHS-1¹ ² ³		PHS1²
PTGHS¹ ²		Cyclooxygenase-1³
Prostaglandin H2 Synthase 1² ³		Prostaglandin G/H Synthase 1²
PGH Synthase 1² ³		COX-1³
EC 1.14.99.1³ ⁸		Cyclooxygenase-1³
COX3² ⁵		PHS 1³
PCOX1² ⁵		Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 1³
PGHS1² ⁵		EC 1.14.99⁸

External Ids:	HGNC: 9604¹	Entrez Gene: 5742²	Ensembl: ENSG00000095303⁷	OMIM: 176805⁵	UniProtKB: P23219³

Export aliases for PTGS1 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC09P116237 GC09P116779 GC09P118586 GC09P120509 GC09P122212 GC09P124173 GC09P094748

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for PTGS1:

This is one of two genes encoding similar enzymes that catalyze the conversion of arachinodate to prostaglandin. The

encoded protein regulates angiogenesis in endothelial cells, and is inhibited by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

such as aspirin. The protein may promote cell proliferation during tumor progression. Alternative splicing results in

multiple transcript variants. (provided by RefSeq, Sep 2012)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PGH1_HUMAN, P23219

Function: May play an important role in regulating or promoting cell proliferation in some normal and neoplastically

transformed cells

summary for PTGS1:

Cyclooxygenase (also known as COX, Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase, Prostaglandin G/H synthase) is

expressed in cells in three isoforms: COX-1, COX-2 and COX-3. COX-1 (constitutive) and COX-2 (inducible)

isoforms catalyze the rate-limiting step of prostaglandin production and are the targets of non-steroidal

anti-inflammatory drugs. COX-3 does not appear to be involved in inflammatory processes, but seems to be

involved in pain and fever. COX-3 is thought to be derived through the retention of the highly structured G

+ C-rich intron 1 of the COX-1 gene.

Gene Wiki entry for PTGS1

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000009.11 NC_018920.1 NT_008470.19

Regulatory elements:

SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the PTGS1 gene promoter:
Sp1 AP-1 ATF-2 c-Jun
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: PTGS1 promoter sequence

Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for PTGS1

Epigenetics:

QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat PTGS1

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 9q32-q33.3 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 9q33.2 HGNC cytogenetic band: 9q32-q33.3

PTGS1 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
PTGS1 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 9 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC09P125133: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	125,132,824 bp from pter	End:	125,157,982 bp from pter
Size:	25,159 bases	Orientation:	plus strand

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to ²PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PGH1_HUMAN, P23219 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 precursor

Size: 599 amino acids; 68686 Da

Cofactor: Binds 1 heme B (iron-protoporphyrin IX) group per subunit (By similarity)

Subunit: Homodimer

Subcellular location: Microsome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Peripheral

membrane protein

Miscellaneous: This enzyme acts both as a dioxygenase and as a peroxidase

Miscellaneous: This enzyme is the target of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin

Sequence caution: Sequence=CAI14716.1; Type=Erroneous gene model prediction;

Secondary accessions: A8K1V7 Q15122 Q5T7T6 Q5T7T7 Q5T7T8

Alternative splicing: 2 isoforms: P23219-1 P23219-2

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for PTGS1: NX_P23219

Post-translational modifications:

View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus²

View neXtProt modification sites for NX_P23219

4/24 DME Specific Peptides for PTGS1 (P23219) (see all 24)

LYHWHPL

GNPICSP

GPGFTKA

DCPTPMG

PTGS1 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb: About this image

REFSEQ proteins (7 alternative transcripts):

NP_000953.2 NP_001258093.1 NP_001258094.1 NP_001258095.1 NP_001258296.1 NP_001258297.1 NP_542158.1

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000223423 ENSP00000354612 ENSP00000411606 ENSP00000437709 ENSP00000362802

Reactome Protein details: P23219
Human Recombinant Protein Products:

	Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at EMD Millipore
	Browse R&D Systems for human recombinant proteins
	Browse recombinant and purified proteins available from Enzo Life Sciences
	OriGene Purified Protein: PTGS1 OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysate (see all 2): PTGS1 OriGene Custom Protein Services for PTGS1
	GenScript Custom Purified and Recombinant Proteins Services for PTGS1
	Novus Biologicals PTGS1 Proteins Novus Biologicals PTGS1 Lysates
	Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
	Browse ProSpec Recombinant Proteins
	Uscn Proteins for PTGS1

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/10 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 10): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0001750	photoreceptor outer segment	IEA	--
GO:0005634	nucleus	ISS	--
GO:0005635	nuclear envelope	--	--
GO:0005737	cytoplasm	ISS	--
GO:0005789	endoplasmic reticulum membrane	TAS	--

PTGS1 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

PTGS1 Antibody Products:

	EMD Millipore Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies for the study of PTGS1
	R&D Systems Antibodies for PTGS1 (COX-1)
	Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Antibodies for PTGS1 (COX-1)
	OriGene Antibodies (see all 2): PTGS1 OriGene Custom Antibody Services for PTGS1
	GenScript Custom Superior Antibodies Services for PTGS1
	Novus Biologicals PTGS1 Antibodies
	Abcam antibodies for PTGS1
	Uscn Antibodies for PTGS1
	ThermoFisher Antibodies for PTGS1

Assay Products for PTGS1:

	Browse Kits and Assays available from EMD Millipore
	OriGene Custom Immunoassay Development Browse OriGene Fluorogenic Cell Assay Kits
	Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
	GenScript Custom Assay Services for PTGS1
	Enzo Life Sciences assays for PTGS1
	Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for PTGS1

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

PTGS1 for domains About GeneDecksing

4 InterPro domains/families:

IPR000742 EG-like_dom

IPR010255 Haem_peroxidase

IPR019791 Haem_peroxidase_animal_subgr

IPR002007 Haem_peroxidase_animal

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P23219

ProtoNet protein and cluster: P23219

3 Blocks protein families:

IPB002007 Animal haem peroxidase signature

IPB006210 Type I EGF

IPB010255 Haem peroxidase

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PGH1_HUMAN, P23219

Similarity: Belongs to the prostaglandin G/H synthase family

Similarity: Contains 1 EGF-like domain

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Function Summary:

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PGH1_HUMAN, P23219

Function: May play an important role in regulating or promoting cell proliferation in some normal and neoplastically

transformed cells

Catalytic activity: Arachidonate + AH(2) + 2 O(2) = prostaglandin H(2) + A + H(2)O

Genatlas biochemistry entry for PTGS1:

prostaglandin G/H synthase 1,constitutively expressed in a wide range of tissues,acting first as a dioxygenase,then as

a peroxidase (lipocalin family,Kernel group),monomer,potent mediator of inflammation

Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB): EC 1.14.99.1¹ ² EC 1.14.99²

miRNA Products:		OriGene 3'-UTR Clone (see all 2): PTGS1 Browse MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat PTGS1
		8/29 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate PTGS1 (see all 29):
		hsa-miR-4291 hsa-miR-4311 hsa-miR-875-3p hsa-miR-16-2* hsa-miR-148b hsa-miR-4305 hsa-miR-578 hsa-miR-3154

		Browse SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmids

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
		OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for PTGS1 (see all 7) OriGene shRNA RFP: PTGS1 OriGene siRNA: PTGS1
		QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat PTGS1

Gene Editing
Products:

DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for PTGS1

Clone Products:		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from EMD Millipore
		OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for PTGS1 (see all 4) OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for PTGS1 (see all 2) OriGene custom cloning services � gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector (see all 2): PTGS1 (NM_080591)
		Browse Sino Biological Human cDNA Clones
		DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for PTGS1
		Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat PTGS1

Cell Line Products:		GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for PTGS1
		Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for PTGS1

In Situ Assay
Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for PTGS1

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/6 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 6): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0004601	peroxidase activity	IEA	--
GO:0004666	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity	IDA	1380156
GO:0008289	lipid binding	--	--
GO:0016702	oxidoreductase activity, acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen, incorporation of two atoms of oxygen	IEA	--
GO:0020037	heme binding	IEA	--

PTGS1 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing

Animal Models:
     Mouse knock-outs for PTGS1: Ptgs1^tm1Unc Ptgs1^tm1Fun
     15/19 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 2 alleles) (MGI details for Ptgs1) (see all 19):

behavior/neurological	cardiovascular system	cellular	digestive/alimentary	endocrine/exocrine gland
growth/size	hematopoietic system	homeostasis/metabolism	immune system	integument
mortality/aging	muscle	nervous system	other	renal/urinary system

PTGS1 for phenotypes About GeneDecksing

(Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, ³I2D, and/or ⁴STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
About This Section

Unified GeneCards pathways - 5/17 super-pathways (see all 17) About this table

See pathways by source

Super-pathway

contained gene-specific pathways

Arachidonic acid metabolism

Arachidonic acid metabolism	1.00	HETE and HPETE biosynthesis and metabolism	0.39
Arachidonic acid metabolism	0.42	Eicosanoid Synthesis	0.31
HETE and HPETE biosynthesis and metabolism	0.39

Synthesis of Prostaglandins (PG) and Thromboxanes (TX)

	Synthesis of Prostaglandins (PG) and Thromboxanes (TX)	1.00			Prostaglandin 2 biosynthesis and metabolism FM	0.44
	prostanoid biosynthesis	0.50			Prostaglandin 2 biosynthesis and metabolism FM	0.44

Metabolism

	Metabolism	1.00			Metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins	0.34
	Metabolic pathways	0.38

Acetaminophen Pathway, Pharmacokinetics

Pathway_PA165986194 -need delete

1.00

Acetaminophen Pathway, Pharmacokinetics

1.00

PKA activation in glucagon signalling

Neurophysiological process PGE2-induced pain processing

0.44

Neurophysiological process_PGE2-induced pain processing

0.44

Pathway sources
See GeneCards unified pathways
Show all pathways

3 EMD Millipore Pathways for PTGS1

	Prostaglandin 2 biosynthesis and metabolism FM
	HETE and HPETE biosynthesis and metabolism
	Neurophysiological process PGE2-induced pain processing

1 Downloadable PowerPoint Slide of QIAGEN Pathway Central Maps for PTGS1

Endothelin-1 Signaling Pathway

2 Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Pathways for PTGS1

	Neuroscience
	NF-kappaB Signaling

4 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) Pathways for PTGS1

	HETE and HPETE biosynthesis and metabolism
	Development VEGF signaling via VEGFR2 - generic cascades
	Prostaglandin 2 biosynthesis and metabolism FM
	Neurophysiological process PGE2-induced pain processing

4 BioSystems Pathways for PTGS1

	Eicosanoid Synthesis
	Selenium Pathway
	Prostaglandin Synthesis and Regulation
	prostanoid biosynthesis

5/7 Reactome Pathways for PTGS1 (see all 7)

	Metabolism
	Arachidonic acid metabolism
	Biological oxidations
	Phase 1 - Functionalization of compounds
	COX reactions

5 PharmGKB Pathways for PTGS1

	Acetaminophen Pathway, Pharmacokinetics
	Celecoxib Pathway, Pharmacodynamics
	Etoposide Pathway, Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics
	Pathway_PA165986194 -need delete
	Platelet Aggregation Inhibitor Pathway, Pharmacodynamics

2 Kegg Pathways (Kegg details for PTGS1):

	Arachidonic acid metabolism
	Metabolic pathways

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PGH1_HUMAN, P23219

Pathway: Lipid metabolism; prostaglandin biosynthesis

PTGS1 for pathways About GeneDecksing

Interactions:

SABiosciences Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for PTGS1

STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 25)

5/46 Interacting proteins for PTGS1 (P23219^{2, 3} ENSP00000354612⁴) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 46)

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
NUCB1	Q02818³, ENSP00000263273⁴	I2D: score=3 STRING: ENSP00000263273
ALOX12	ENSP00000251535⁴	STRING: ENSP00000251535
ALOX12B	ENSP00000315167⁴	STRING: ENSP00000315167
ALOX15	ENSP00000293761⁴	STRING: ENSP00000293761
ALOX15B	ENSP00000369530⁴	STRING: ENSP00000369530

About this table

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/17 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 17): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0001516	prostaglandin biosynthetic process	ISS	--
GO:0006629	lipid metabolic process	NAS	1907252
GO:0006692	prostanoid metabolic process	--	--
GO:0006693	prostaglandin metabolic process	--	--
GO:0006805	xenobiotic metabolic process	TAS	--

PTGS1 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
About This Section

PTGS1 for compounds About GeneDecksing

EMD Millipore small molecules for PTGS1:
Small Molecule - inhibitor

Enzo Life Sciences drugs & compounds for PTGS1

Compounds for PTGS1 available from Tocris Bioscience About this table

Compound	Action	CAS #
Tenidap	NSAID, cyclooxygenase (COX-1) inhibitor. Also opener of KIR2.3	[120210-48-2]
FR 122047 hydrochloride	Cyclooxygenase (COX-1) inhibitor	[130717-51-0]
Piroxicam	Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibitor	[36322-90-4]
(S)-(+)-Ibuprofen	Cyclooxygenase inhibitor (COX-1 > COX-2)	[51146-56-6]
SC 560	Cyclooxygenase (COX-1) inhibitor	[188817-13-2]

10/13 HMDB Compounds for PTGS1 (see all 13) About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	PubMed Ids
11R-HEPE	11(R)-hydroxyeicosa-5Z,8Z,12E,14Z,17Z-pentaenoate (see all 2)	--	--
Acetaminophen	4'-Hydroxyacetanilide (see all 629)	103-90-2	--
Arachidonic acid	5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraenoic acid (see all 16)	506-32-1	--
Aspirin	2-(Acetyloxy)benzoic acid (see all 59)	50-78-2	--
Heme	(protoporphyrinato)iron (see all 19)	14875-96-8	--
Ibuprofen	alpha-(4-Isobutylphenyl)propionate (see all 9)	15687-27-1	--
Iron	Armco iron (see all 19)	7439-89-6	--
Naproxen	(+)-(S)-Naproxen (see all 49)	22204-53-1	--
Oxygen	Oxygen (see all 5)	7782-44-7	--
Prostaglandin G1	PGG(,1) (see all 6)	--	--

10/102 DrugBank Compounds for PTGS1 (see all 102) About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	Type	Actions	PubMed Ids
Bismuth Subsalicylate	Bismuth (see all 6)	14882-18-9	target	inhibitor	5284360 15840771 14746879 1158081 15035793 16368818 15871445
Diclofenac	Diclofenac Acid (see all 4)	15307-86-5	target	inhibitor	12534640 12713596 11752352 12852704 12966366 12414874
Diclofenac	Diclofenac Acid (see all 4)	15307-86-5	enzyme	substrate	12534640 12713596 11752352 12852704 12966366 12414874 19515014
Flurbiprofen	FLP (see all 5)	5104-49-4	target	inhibitor	12711844 19066416 11811354 17562170 10358065 10773011 12392782
Icosapent	Eicosapentaenoic acid (see all 4)	10417-94-4	target	inhibitor	15990700 12562875 14993240 20463020 16141635 16190133 11477109
Salicyclic acid	2-Carboxyphenol (see all 10)	69-72-7	target	inhibitor	5284360 15840771 14746879 11752352 15035793 16368818 15871445
Salicylate-sodium	--	--	target	inhibitor	5284360 15840771 14746879 11752352 15035793 16368818 15871445
Acetylsalicylic acid	2-Acetoxybenzenecarboxylic acid (see all 24)	50-78-2	target	inhibitor	17131625 11752352 17030227 17319904 17078596 17259075
Ibuprofen	Ibuprophen (see all 3)	15687-27-1	target	--	14741265 11752352 14987823 12852704 15575422 14592549
gamma-Homolinolenic acid	(8E,11E,14E)-8,11,14-Icosatrienoic acid (see all 7)	1783-84-2	target	inhibitor	15990700 11121413 11752352 11939906 11477109 16190133
Antipyrine	Acetasol (see all 14)	60-80-0	target	inhibitor	17175104 11695253 17884974 17322116 11752352

10/125 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for PTGS1 gene (see all 125) About this table

Compound	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
prostaglandin	91	300	9461646 (4), 15035793 (3), 10609518 (2), 7947975 (2) (see all 99)
pge2	90.6	411	11809691 (4), 8872612 (3), 15963707 (3), 9779823 (3) (see all 99)
celecoxib	89.5	89	12152003 (2), 16952493 (2), 10664917 (2), 15498669 (2) (see all 62)
arachidonic acid	89.5	273	10358065 (5), 7737984 (4), 10551587 (3), 10206978 (3) (see all 99)
rofecoxib	89.5	72	10096266 (3), 11028250 (3), 11136272 (2), 10411562 (2) (see all 48)
aspirin	84.6	396	11717412 (5), 18753249 (5), 15041270 (4), 19152549 (4) (see all 99)
meloxicam	83.5	52	10381787 (3), 10812057 (3), 11874389 (3), 10340919 (2) (see all 32)
ns 398	82.8	16	10217458 (2), 9875720 (1), 11563332 (1), 16964399 (1) (see all 15)
prostaglandin-h2	82.3	34	17878511 (2), 8652509 (1), 10734173 (1), 11081405 (1) (see all 20)
valdecoxib	81.9	6	12644588 (1), 15494548 (1), 16519515 (1), 12466002 (1) (see all 5)

Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about PTGS1 / PGH1

(Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
About This Section

REFSEQ mRNAs for PTGS1 gene (7 alternative transcripts):

NM_000962.3 NM_001271164.1 NM_001271165.1 NM_001271166.1 NM_001271367.1 NM_001271368.1 NM_080591.2

Unigene Cluster for PTGS1:

Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase)

Hs.201978 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_001271368

5 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:

ENST00000223423 ENST00000362012(uc011lys.1 uc010mwb.1 uc004bmg.1 uc004bmf.1 uc004bmh.1 uc011lyt.1)

ENST00000426608 ENST00000540753 ENST00000373698

miRNA Products:		OriGene 3'-UTR Clone (see all 2): PTGS1 Browse OriGene MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat PTGS1
		8/29 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate PTGS1 (see all 29):
		hsa-miR-4291 hsa-miR-4311 hsa-miR-875-3p hsa-miR-16-2* hsa-miR-148b hsa-miR-4305 hsa-miR-578 hsa-miR-3154

		Browse SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmids

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
		OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for PTGS1 (see all 7) OriGene shRNA RFP: PTGS1 OriGene siRNA: PTGS1
		QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat PTGS1

Clone Products:		OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for PTGS1 (see all 4) OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for PTGS1 (see all 2) OriGene custom cloning services � gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector (see all 2): PTGS1 (NM_080591)
		DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for PTGS1
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Additional cDNA sequence:

AF086438.1 AF129755.1 AJ420464.1 AK290022.1 AK295221.1 AK304403.1 AK308222.1 BC029840.1

DQ180740.1 DQ180741.1 DQ180742.1 M59979.1 S36219.1 S36271.1 S78220.1 U63846.1

12 DOTS entries:

DT.446317 DT.100767562 DT.121193472 DT.101957346 DT.100767557 DT.101982936 DT.121193484 DT.75197219

DT.100767561 DT.100767556 DT.97797260 DT.91965381

24/156 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 156):

AA630760 CD014048 CA444725 AI076274 AL709654 BF064148 S36219 AL556508

BM728404 BF477437 AI885487 AI567867 BM679302 AA707736 BM990424 BQ014239

AI863410 AA345128 BC029840 AI202433 AI569876 NM_080591 CB216527 N54739

GeneLoc Exon Structure

5/8 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for PTGS1 (see all 8) About this scheme

ExUns:	1	^	2	^	3a	·	3b	^	4	^	5a	·	5b	^	6a	·	6b	^	7	^	8	^	9a	·	9b	^	10	^	11	^	12a	·	12b	^	13	^	14a	·	14b	·	14c	·	14d
SP1:
SP2:											-		-
SP3:											-		-		-																		-
SP4:											-		-								-
SP5:											-		-

ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for PTGS1

(RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
About This Section

PTGS1 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS
CGAP TAG: AAGCTAATAA

About this image

PTGS1 expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells

Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine About this table

6 LifeMap In Vivo Development Anatomical Compartments/Cells

Tissue

Anatomical Compartment

Cell

Category (developmental path)

Cartilage

Lumbar Intervertebral Disc

Intervertebral Disc Nucleus Pulposus Cells

Cartilage

Extraembryonic Mesoderm

Extraembryonic Capillary Plexus

Extraembryonic Angioblasts

Endothelium

Heart

Primitive Heart Tube

Primitive Heart Tube Cells

Myocardium

Eye

Liver

Primitive Streak

Expression:

Positive

Negative

Selective marker

Experimental details:

Curated

Microarrays

In-situ hybridization

See PTGS1 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
Genevestigator expression for PTGS1

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.201978

SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Arrays including PTGS1 (see all 6):

Hypertension in human mouse rat

Atherosclerosis in human mouse rat

Oxidative Stress in human mouse rat

Prostate Cancer in human mouse rat

Angiogenesis in human mouse rat

Primer Products:		OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for PTGS1 Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
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In Situ
Assay Products:

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(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD , ⁵MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or ⁶Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
About This Section

This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.

Orthologs for PTGS1 gene from 5/15 species (see all 15) About this table

Organism	Taxonomic classification	Gene	Description	Human Similarity	Orthology Type	Details
mouse (Mus musculus)	Mammalia	Ptgs1^{1 , 5}	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1^{1, 5}	85.59(n)¹ 89.78(a)¹		2 (24.19 cM)⁵ 19224¹ NM_008969.3¹ NP_032995.1¹ 36230426⁵
chicken (Gallus gallus)	Aves	PTGS1¹	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin more	76.17(n) 78.52(a)		427752 XM_425326.3 XP_425326.3
lizard (Anolis carolinensis)	Reptilia	PTGS1⁶	--	71(a)	1 ↔ 1	GL344642.1(5678-11206)
African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)	Amphibia	Xl.6116²	Xenopus laevis transcribed sequence with moderate similarity more	72.97(n)		48053286
zebrafish (Danio rerio)	Actinopterygii	ptgs1²	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1	76.12(n)		246226 AY028584.1

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for PTGS1 (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for PTGS1 (if available)

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene,
²Ensembl, and ³SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to ⁴Pseudogene.org Build 68)
About This Section

Paralogs for PTGS1 gene

PTGS2²

1 SIMAP similar gene for PTGS1 using alignment to 2 protein entries: PGH1_HUMAN (see all proteins):

PTGS2

PTGS1 for paralogs About GeneDecksing

(SNPs/Variants according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
About This Section

SNP ID	Valid	Clinical significance	Chr 9 pos	Sequence	#	AA Chg	Type	More	#	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
Genomic Data					Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--
rs72769724^1,2	C,	--	94745561(+)	`CTGCTA/GTGGCC`	2	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs35482561^1,2		--	94745661(+)	`GCCCTA/GTAAGT`	2	--	us2k¹		3		CSA WA NA	239
rs10306108^1,2	C,F,H,	--	94746203(+)	`ATCTGT/CGGTGC`	6	--	us2k¹		23		NS EA NA CSA WA	2639
rs10306109^1,2	C,F,H,	--	94746354(+)	`GTCACG/ACTATG`	6	--	us2k¹ tfbs³		17		NS EA NA CSA WA	1977
rs10306225^1,2	C,F,	--	94746555(+)	`ATTCAA/TGCCCG`	6	--	us2k¹		5		NS NA	210
rs112387388^1,2	C,	--	94746722(+)	`GGTCCA/C/TGGCAC`	6	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs77676149^1,2	C,	--	94746792(+)	`TCTGTC/GTCCCT`	6	--	us2k¹		2		WA	120
rs75993350^1,2		--	94746946(+)	`TCTGAG/ACTCTC`	6	--	us2k¹		3		CSA WA NA	239
rs10306110^1,2	C,F,	--	94747034(+)	`CCAGCA/GCCATG`	6	--	us2k¹		7		NS NA CSA WA	331
rs10306112^1,2	C,F,H	--	94747146(+)	`GATGTG/AAGTCT`	6	--	us2k¹		10		NS EA NA	968

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for PTGS1 (125132824 - 125157982 bp)
Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 1 variation for PTGS1
1 Indel: 47643
Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): PTGS1

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(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
About This Section

PTGS1 for disorders           About GeneDecksing

OMIM gene information: 176805    OMIM disorders: --

20/167 diseases for PTGS1 (see all 167):    About MalaCards

spinal cord injury gastroesophageal reflux disease familial adenomatous polyposis deep vein thrombosis

patent ductus arteriosus adenomatous polyposis coli ureteral obstruction barrett's esophagus

urticaria abdominal aortic aneurysm peptic ulcer placental abruption

morphine dependence aortic aneurysm inflammatory bowel disease bladder transitional cell carcinoma

chronic cystitis asthma and nasal polyps polycythemia vera transitional cell carcinoma

2 diseases from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for PTGS1:

Vascular disease Arthritis

10/93 Novoseek disease relationships for PTGS1 gene (see all 93) About this table

Disease	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
inflammation	71.7	163	16982919 (3), 10628589 (2), 12733982 (2), 17270500 (2) (see all 99)
osteoarthritis	61.6	22	15337183 (2), 11041909 (2), 10719816 (1), 14752171 (1) (see all 16)
gastrointestinal complications	58.1	3	10377455 (1), 14602052 (1)
colon cancer	57	18	19258012 (4), 16091009 (2), 7780968 (2), 16984374 (2) (see all 12)
intestinal polyps	53.6	5	12941808 (3), 16984374 (1)
ulcer	53.2	28	16247187 (3), 11519793 (2), 17926541 (2), 11136275 (2) (see all 15)
nasal polyps	52.1	29	16517580 (4), 15921208 (4), 15480320 (2), 19132974 (2) (see all 11)
rheumatoid arthritis	51.8	11	10719816 (2), 15167967 (1), 10390126 (1), 10812057 (1) (see all 9)
polyps	50	31	12941808 (4), 11584208 (2), 11495083 (2), 19251796 (1) (see all 11)
arthritis	50	13	11550975 (2), 10193996 (1), 9714356 (1), 10225538 (1) (see all 10)

Genetic Association Database (GAD): PTGS1
Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: PTGS1 (70 documents)

Export disorders for PTGS1 gene to outside databases

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Entrez Gene, ²UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ³HGNC, ⁴GAD, ⁵PharmGKB, ⁶HMDB, ⁷DrugBank, ⁸UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁹ Novoseek, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

PubMed articles for PTGS1 gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 1599):
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with PTGS1)

Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
world of online information

Human platelet/erythroleukemia cell prostaglandin G/H synthase: cDNA cloning, expression, and gene chromosomal assignment. (PubMed id 1907252)^{1, 2, 3} Funk C.D.... Fitzgerald G.A. (1991)
Cloning of human gene encoding prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase and primary structure of the enzyme. (PubMed id 2512924)^{1, 2, 3} Yokoyama C. and Tanabe T. (1989)
Mutations within the cyclooxygenase-1 gene in aspirin non-responders with recurrence of stroke. (PubMed id 15041270)^{1, 4, 9} Hillarp A....Mattiasson I. (2003)
Characterization of the human prostaglandin H synthase 1 gene (PTGS1): exclusion by genetic linkage analysis as a second modifier gene in familial thrombosis. (PubMed id 12192304)^{1, 2, 9} Scott B.T....Long G.L. (2002)
Cyclooxygenase-1 gene polymorphisms in patients with different asthma phenotypes and atopy. (PubMed id 16055872)^{1, 4, 9} Shi J....Kedda M.A. (2005)
Resistance exercise and cyclooxygenase (COX) expression in human skeletal muscle: implications for COX-inhibiting drugs and protein synthesis. (PubMed id 17322116)^{1, 7, 9} Weinheimer E.M....Trappe T.A. (2007)
Mutational and X-ray crystallographic analysis of the interaction of dihomo-gamma -linolenic acid with prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthases. (PubMed id 11121413)^{1, 7, 9} Thuresson E.D....Smith W.L. (2001)
A study of the combined effect of the CLDN5 locus and the genes for the phospholipid metabolism pathway in schizophrenia. (PubMed id 16181776)^{1, 4} Wei J. and Hemmings G.P. (2005)
The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)^{1, 2} Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
Polymorphisms in PTGS1 (=COX-1) and risk of colorectal polyps. (PubMed id 15159324)^{1, 4} Ulrich C.M....Potter J.D. (2004)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
About This Section

		AND	OR
Aliases
Disorders
Free Text

Query String		PubMed OMIM NCBI Bookshelf
	(Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
About This Section

Entrez Gene: 5742	HGNC: 9604	AceView: PTGS1	Ensembl:ENSG00000095303	euGenes: HUgn5742
ECgene: PTGS1	Kegg: 5742	H-InvDB: PTGS1

(According to HUGE)
About This Section

(According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
About This Section

Name	Description
PharmGKB entry for PTGS1	Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
ATLAS Chromosomes in Cancer entry for PTGS1	Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
SeattleSNPs	http://pga.gs.washington.edu/data/ptgs1/

Intellectual Property for PTGS1 gene
(Patent information from GeneIP, Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts, IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)

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Patent Information for PTGS1 gene:
Search GeneIP for patents involving PTGS1

GeneCards and IP:
Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards Improving the IP Search

(Antibodies, recombinant proteins, and assays from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, QIAGEN, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, SABiosciences, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, Enzo Life Sciences, Abcam, ProSpec, Uscn, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, SwitchGear Genomics, Vector BioLabs, Cell lines from GenScript and LifeMap BioReagents, PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Drugs and/or compounds from EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Enzo Life Sciences),
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Advanced Cell Diagnostics
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PTGS1 Gene

prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H...

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PTGS1 (Gene Symbol)
Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 1 (Prostaglandin G/H Synthase And Cyclooxygenase)
COX1
PGHS-1
PTGHS
Prostaglandin H2 Synthase 1
PGH Synthase 1
EC 1.14.99.1
COX3
PCOX1
PGHS1
PES-1
PGG/HS
PHS1
Cyclooxygenase-1
Prostaglandin G/H Synthase 1
COX-1
Cyclooxygenase-1
PHS 1
Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 1
EC 1.14.99

familial adenomatous polyposis
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
sepsis
Urticaria chronic
GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING
perforation
Polyps
Angioedema
COLON CARCINOMA
insulin sensitivity
Myocardial Ischemia
Atherosclerosis
Metaplasia
Edema
Rheumatic Diseases
Asthma
Adenocarcinoma
Hyperalgesia
Ureteral obstruction
Cancer
Obstruction
Idiopathic urticaria
premalignant
Colorectal Carcinoma
Urticaria
Periodontal Diseases
Shock
Ovarian Cancer
Nasal Polyps
hypermotility
Ulcer
polyposis
Colorectal Cancer
Inflammation
HNSCC
reflux
carcinoma transitional cell bladder
Chronic arthritis
Gastrointestinal complications
GASTROINTESTINAL PERFORATION
Hypertrophy
CHRONIC CYSTITIS
Pulmonary Disease Chronic Obstructive
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Pneumonia
prostate cancer
Tumors
Cardiovascular Diseases
Thrombosis
prostatic adenocarcinoma
Necrosis
Rhinitis
COLON TUMOR
Peptic Ulcer
Intestinal Polyps
Colitis
Gastric Cancer
Barrett Esophagus
Melanoma
bladder cancer
Colon Cancer
NEPHRITIS ACUTE INTERSTITIAL
LEUKEMIA BASOPHILIC
Oligodendroglioma
Carcinoma
gastric lesion
TOXICITY RENAL
Osteoarthritis
INFARCT
Gastrointestinal Ulcers
Leukemia
PROSTATE CARCINOMA
Alzheimers Disease
neurodegeneration
gastric ulcer
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Myocardial Infarction
HEART FAILURE
Respiratory disease
Skin Cancer
Adenoma
Scar
Bleeding
OVARIAN CARCINOMA
ANAPHYLACTOID REACTION
Gastropathy
Carcinoma Squamous Cell
Gastritis
Colorectal Tumors
URTICARIA ACUTE
platelet dysfunction
Labor Premature
Arthritis

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PTGS1 Gene

prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H...

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