V3 here soon-try beta now


Gene Search (GeneCards Home)	\|	GeneCards Guide	\|	User Feedback	\|	Terms of Use	\|	Notice about third-party sites

PPARG Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 75

GC03P012305

peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
(Previous names: peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma )
Symbol approved by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) database

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc , and/or ⁷Ensembl, ⁸miRBase)
About This Section

Aliases
CIMT1 ^², ⁵
NR1C3 ^¹, ², ³
OTTHUMP00000185030 ^²
OTTHUMP00000185033 ^²
OTTHUMP00000185037 ^²
PPAR-gamma ^³
PPARG1 ^¹, ², ⁵
PPARG2 ^¹, ², ⁵
PPARgamma ^¹, ²

Descriptions
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group C member 3 ^², ³
PPAR gamma ^²
peroxisome proliferative activated receptor gamma ^²
peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma ^¹
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ^²
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 1 ^²

External Ids
HGNC: 9236¹
Entrez Gene: 5468²
UniProtKB: P37231³
Ensembl: ENSG00000132170⁷

Search outside databases for aliases for PPARG gene

Previous GC identifers: GC03P012258 GC03P012304

(According to Entrez Gene, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

EntrezGene summary for PPARG:

This gene encodes a member of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) subfamily of

nuclear receptors. PPARs form heterodimers with retinoid X receptors (RXRs) and these heterodimers

regulate transcription of various genes. Three subtypes of PPARs are known: PPAR-alpha,

PPAR-delta, and PPAR-gamma. The protein encoded by this gene is PPAR-gamma and is a regulator of

adipocyte differentiation. Additionally, PPAR-gamma has been implicated in the pathology of

numerous diseases including obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis and cancer. Alternatively spliced

transcript variants that encode different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq]

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PPARG_HUMAN, P37231

Function: Receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids.

Once activated by a ligand, the receptor binds to a promoter element in the gene for acyl-CoA

oxidase and activates its transcription. It therefore controls the peroxisomal beta-oxidation

pathway of fatty acids. Key regulator of adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis

Gene Wiki entry for PPARG (Peroxisome_proliferator-activated_receptor_gamma)

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 36),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC and Ensembl, Transcription factor binding sites according to SABiosciences)
About This Section

Genomic View:

UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Transcription factor binding sites upstream to the PPARG gene

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 3p25 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 3p25.2 HGNC cytogenetic band: 3p25

PPARG Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)

GeneLoc gene densities for chromosome 3 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC03P012305: (about GC identifiers)

Start:	12,304,070 bp from pter
End:	12,450,855 bp from pter
Size:	146,786 bases
Orientation:	plus strand

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000003.10 NT_022517.17

(According to ¹UniProtKB, and/or Ensembl, Phosphorylation sites according to ²Phosphosite, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from Invitrogen, Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Enzo Life Sciences, Abnova, OriGene and/or, Abcam,
Biochemical Assays by Invitrogen, Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, and/or Enzo Life Sciences, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by Invitrogen, Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, Abcam, Abnova, and/or Novus Biologicals)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PPARG_HUMAN, P37231 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma

Size: 505 amino acids; 57620 Da

Subunit: Forms a heterodimer with the retinoic acid receptor RXRA called adipocyte-specific

transcription factor ARF6. Interacts with NCOA6 coactivator, leading to a strong increase in

transcription of target genes. Interacts with coactivator PPARBP, leading to a mild increase in

transcription of target genes. Interacts with FAM120B (By similarity). Interacts with NOCA7 in a

ligand-inducible manner. Interacts with NCOA1 LXXLL motifs. Interacts with TGFB1I1. Interacts with

DNTTIP2

Subcellular location: Nucleus

Sequence caution: Sequence=BAA23354.1; Type=Erroneous gene model prediction;

PDB structures from and Proteopedia :

1FM6 (3D)

1FM9 (3D)

1I7I (3D)

1K74 (3D)

1KNU (3D)

1NYX (3D)

1PRG (3D)

1RDT (3D)

1WM0 (3D)

1ZEO (3D)

1ZGY (3D)

2ATH (3D)

2F4B (3D)

2FVJ (3D)

2G0G (3D)

2G0H (3D)

2GTK (3D)

2HFP (3D)

2HWQ (3D)

2HWR (3D)

2I4J (3D)

2I4P (3D)

2I4Z (3D)

2OM9 (3D)

2P4Y (3D)

2POB (3D)

2PRG (3D)

2Q59 (3D)

2Q5P (3D)

2Q5S (3D)

2Q61 (3D)

2Q6R (3D)

2Q6S (3D)

2Q8S (3D)

2QMV (3D)

2VSR (3D)

2VST (3D)

2VV0 (3D)

2VV1 (3D)

2VV2 (3D)

2VV3 (3D)

2VV4 (3D)

2ZK0 (3D)

2ZK1 (3D)

2ZK2 (3D)

2ZK3 (3D)

2ZK4 (3D)

2ZK5 (3D)

2ZK6 (3D)

2ZNO (3D)

3B3K (3D)

3BC5 (3D)

3CDP (3D)

3CDS (3D)

3CS8 (3D)

3CWD (3D)

3D6D (3D)

3DZU (3D)

3DZY (3D)

3E00 (3D)

3ET0 (3D)

3ET3 (3D)

3PRG (3D)

4PRG (3D)

Secondary accessions: A8K3G6 B5BUA1 O00684 O00710 O14515 Q15178 Q15179 Q15180 Q15832 Q86U60 Q96J12

Alternative splicing: 2 isoforms: P37231-1 P37231-2 (Additional isoforms seem to exist)

Post-translational modifications:

View phosphorylation sites using PhosphoSite²

REFSEQ proteins (4 alternative transcripts):

NP_005028.4 NP_056953.2 NP_619725.2 NP_619726.2

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000380194 ENSP00000380195 ENSP00000380196 ENSP00000380198 ENSP00000312472 ENSP00000380205

ENSP00000380201 ENSP00000380210 ENSP00000380207 ENSP00000380218 ENSP00000380221 ENSP00000380224

ENSP00000287820

Human Recombinant Proteins

	Invitrogen human recombinant proteins for PPARG
	Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at Millipore
	Sigma-Aldrich CompoZr ZFN for PPARG
	Browse R&D Systems for human recombinant proteins
	Browse recombinant and purified proteins available from Enzo Life Sciences
	Recombinant Proteins from Abcam (PPAR gamma 2 , PPAR gamma , PPAR gamma 1+2 )
	Human Recombinant Proteins from Abnova (PPARG)

OriGene Purified Recombinant Human Proteins (see all 2): PPARG

2 Gene Ontology (GO) cellular component terms (links to tree view):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005634	nucleus	IEA	--
GO:0005829	cytosol	IEA	--

About this table

Antibodies for PPARG:

	Browse Antibodies Central at Invitrogen
	Millipore Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies for the study of PPARG
	Sigma-Aldrich Antibodies for PPARG
	R&D Systems Antibodies for PPARG (PPAR gamma/NR1C3)
	Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Antibodies for PPARG (PPARgamma)
	Antibodies from Abcam (PPAR gamma 2 , PPAR gamma , PPAR gamma 1+2 ), each with their Abpromise^SM
	Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies from Abnova (PPARG)
	Novus Biologicals Antibodies for PPARG

Assays for PPARG:

	Invitrogen Assays for PPARG
	Millipore Kits and Assays for the Analysis of PPARG
	Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
	Browse biochemical assays available from Enzo Life Sciences

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P37231

ProtoNet protein and cluster: P37231

3 Blocks protein families:

IPB001723 Steroid hormone receptor signature

IPB003074 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (1C nuclear receptor) signature

IPB003077 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma signature

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PPARG_HUMAN, P37231

Similarity: Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR1 subfamily

Similarity: Contains 1 nuclear receptor DNA-binding domain

(According to MGI Jun 06 2009, UniProtKB, IUBMB,and/or Genatlas,
shRNA from OriGene, Sigma-Aldrich, RNAi from Sigma-Aldrich,
RNAi Products, Clones, and Q-PCR Products from Invitrogen, Millipore, OriGene, and/or Abnova, siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, SYBR primers from OriGene, Cell-based Assays from Millipore, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Inhib. RNA:		Invitrogen RNAi Products for gene knock-down (PPARG)
		Millipore RNAi Products for the Analysis of PPARG Gene knock-down
		Abnova Chimera RNAi Products for Gene knock-down (PPARG)

OriGene 29mer shRNA kit in GFP-retroviral vectors (see all 4): NM_015869

Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs for PPARG

Sigma-Aldrich siRNA and siRNA Panels for PPARG

Sigma-Aldrich shRNA Panels and shRNA for PPARG

Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs

Clones:		Invitrogen Clones for PPARG
		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from Millipore

OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 4): NM_005037
Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 4): NM_005037
untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 8): NM_005037

Primers:

Browse Quantitative PCR Central at Invitrogen for Q-PCR LUX™ Primers

OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs: NM_015869

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PPARG_HUMAN, P37231

Function: Receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids.

Once activated by a ligand, the receptor binds to a promoter element in the gene for acyl-CoA

oxidase and activates its transcription. It therefore controls the peroxisomal beta-oxidation

pathway of fatty acids. Key regulator of adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis

Genatlas biochemistry entry for PPARG:

peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor,steroid/thyroid hormone coactivator receptor

superfamily,heterodimerizing with RXR*,coactivated by SRCO1,expressed (isoform 1) in the diploid

trophoblast lineages and required for placental development,expressed at low levels in

preadipocytes,induced by CEBPB and CEBPD,coexpressed with and coregulated by PPARG,jointly

required for full adipocyte differentiation and fat deposition with variability influencing plasma

leptin levels in obese humans,modulator of insulin sensitivity and control of glucose homostasis

and blood pressure and activation of antidiabetic effect of thiazolidinediones,negative regulator

of macrophage activation,inhibiting production of monocyte inflammatory cytokines,increasing PAI1

expression in endothelial cells.

15/26 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 25 alleles) (MGI details for Pparg) (see all 26 ):

	adipose tissue	behavior/neurological	cellular	digestive/alimentary
embryogenesis	endocrine/exocrine gland	growth/size	hearing/vestibular/ear	hematopoietic system
homeostasis/metabolism	immune system	lethality-postnatal	lethality-prenatal/perinatal	life span-post-weaning/aging

5/13 Gene Ontology (GO) molecular function terms (links to tree view) (see all 13 ):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0003700	transcription factor activity	IEA	--
GO:0003707	steroid hormone receptor activity	IEA	--
GO:0004955	prostaglandin receptor activity	TAS	9568715
GO:0008144	drug binding	IDA	9113987 10622252
GO:0008270	zinc ion binding	IEA	--

About this table

(Pathways according to Invitrogen (maps by GeneGo), Millipore, Cell Signaling Technology, Sigma-Aldrich, KEGG and/or UniProtKB,
Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Proteins Network according to SABiosciences, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, and/or ³STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

5/7 Sigma-Aldrich "Your Favorite Gene" Pathways for PPARG (Your Favorite Gene powered by Ingenuity) (see all 7 )

PPAR Signaling
Thyroid Cancer Signaling
IL-12 Signaling and Production in Macrophages
FXR/RXR Activation
ERK/MAPK Signaling

GeneDecks PPARG for the pathways selected above

About GeneDecksing

Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for PPARG

5/207 Interacting proteins for PPARG (P37231¹ ENSP00000287820³) via UniProtKB, MINT, and/or STRING (see all 207 )

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
MED1	Q15648¹, ENSP00000300651³	EBI-781384, EBI-394459 STRING (score=.999)
EP300	Q09472¹, ENSP00000263253³	EBI-781384, EBI-447295 STRING (score=.99)
SMARCA4	P51532¹, ENSP00000350720³	EBI-781384, EBI-302489 STRING (score=.756)
EDF1	O60869¹	EBI-781384, EBI-781301
NCOA1	ENSP00000320940³	STRING (score=.999)

About this table

5/25 Gene Ontology (GO) biological process terms (links to tree view) (see all 25 ):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0001890	placenta development	IEA	--
GO:0007165	signal transduction	IDA	9568716
GO:0007584	response to nutrient	TAS	10973253
GO:0008217	regulation of blood pressure	IMP	10622252
GO:0010552	positive regulation of specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter	IDA	12700342

About this table

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, Sigma-Aldrich, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Novoseek and Drugs according to Enzo Life Sciences and/or PharmGKB)
About This Section

Enzo Life Sciences drugs & compounds for PPARG

Sigma-Aldrich Small Molecules for PPARG:

Mixed Agonist/Antagonist Activator Antagonist Agonist

Compounds for PPARG available from Tocris Bioscience

Compound	Action	CAS number
BADGE	PPARgamma antagonist	[1675-54-3]
Troglitazone	Selective PPARgamma agonist; antidiabetic agent	[97322-87-7]
GW 1929 hydrochloride	Selective PPARgamma agonist. Orally active	[196808-24-9]
nTZDpa	Potent, selective PPARgamma partial agonist	[118414-59-8]
T 0070907	Highly potent and selective PPARgamma antagonist	[313516-66-4]

About this table

10/28 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for PPARG gene (see all 28 )

Compound	Score	Articles	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
gw9662	95.09	288	16696951 (6), 12022867 (6), 18203887 (3), 18566752 (3) (see all 99)
pgj-2	85.90	67	15254749 (7), 14600076 (5), 14971050 (3), 14751245 (2) (see all 28)
gw 1929	85.52	25	15677767 (2), 11358817 (1), 11597575 (1), 15517883 (1) (see all 16)
gi262570	82.45	30	12960690 (4), 18004211 (2), 19217526 (2), 13129568 (1) (see all 10)
lipid	80.33	631	10591673 (4), 11095470 (3), 18837794 (3), 11357475 (3) (see all 99)
lg 100268	79.27	27	18571164 (3), 19046432 (3), 11850224 (3), 11463859 (2) (see all 12)
glucose	77.85	572	11579205 (7), 10842659 (5), 15113752 (5), 16574781 (4) (see all 99)
fatty acid	76.70	239	15827101 (6), 9694545 (3), 17463056 (3), 11286999 (2) (see all 99)
tesaglitazar	76.54	7	17697874 (2), 17631296 (1), 16168052 (1), 17907110 (1) (see all 5)
muraglitazar	74.58	8	18794727 (1), 15898350 (1), 16168052 (1), 16644631 (1) (see all 6)

About this table

3 PharmGKB drug compound relationships for PPARG gene

Drug compound	PharmGKB Relations	PubMed IDs for articles supporting these relationships
glitazones	PD GN	11966407
insulin	PD	9806549
rosiglitazone	PD	15181049

About this table

(GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 219 Homo sapiens; Jun 2 2009) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView,
non coding RNAs according to RNAdb,
ESTs according to GeneTide,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from Invitrogen, Millipore, and/or Abnova,
siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, Sigma-Aldrich,
shRNA from Sigma-Aldrich, OriGene,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene,
Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems)
About This Section

Inhib. RNA:		Invitrogen RNAi Products for gene knock-down (PPARG)
		Millipore RNAi Products for the Analysis of PPARG Gene knock-down
		Abnova Chimera RNAi Products for Gene knock-down (PPARG)

OriGene 29mer shRNA kit in GFP-retroviral vectors (see all 4): NM_015869

Sigma-Aldrich siRNA and siRNA Panels for PPARG

Sigma-Aldrich shRNA Panels and shRNA for PPARG

Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs

Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs:

NM_005037 NM_015869 NM_138711 NM_138712

REFSEQ mRNAs for PPARG gene (4 alternative transcripts):

NM_005037.5 NM_015869.4 NM_138711.3 NM_138712.3

Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays:

NM_005037 NM_015869 NM_138711 NM_138712

               OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 4): NM_005037
                                 Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 4): NM_005037
                                 untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 8): NM_005037

Additional cDNA sequence:

AB097931.1 AB107271.1 AB307692.1 AB451337.1 AB451486.1 AJ563369.1 AJ563370.1 AJ698135.1

AK223528.1 AK290581.1 BC006811.1 BT007281.1 CR599329.1 CR605352.1 CR609113.1 CR609454.1

CR622226.1 D83233.1 DQ356894.1 U63415.1 U79012.1 X90563.1

11 DOTS entries:

DT.112942 DT.100791623 DT.100791622 DT.100791631 DT.75152583 DT.120867762 DT.97811244 DT.100791626

DT.100791629 DT.120867823 DT.95371767

24/116 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 116 ):

AI355115 BQ012686 NM_138711 BG742110 AI200451 BQ003677 BQ722874 BF811102

BU526666 AW628342 CR609113 BQ021210 AI767379 BC006811 BI761688 AB107271

AI280973 U63415 CR605352 BU618129 BG179310 BT007281 NM_005037 AB097931

highest scoring ESTs for PPARG:

AA053166 AA088420 AA558472 AA625223 AI123591 AI280895 AI280973 AI339791 AI355115 AI749134

Unigene Cluster for PPARG:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma

Hs.162646 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_138711

GeneLoc Exon Structure

5/9 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for PPARG (see all 9 )

ExUns:	1	^	2a	·	2b	^	3a	·	3b	^	4	^	5	^	6a	·	6b	^	7	^	8a	·	8b	·	8c	^	9a	·	9b	·	9c	^	10a	·	10b	^	11	^	12	^	13a	·	13b	·	13c
SP1:											-		-						-
SP2:							-		-		-		-		-		-		-
SP3:
SP4:																			-																				-
SP5:							-		-		-		-						-

About this scheme

ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for PPARG

13 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations:

ENST00000396998 ENST00000396999 ENST00000397000 ENST00000397003 ENST00000309576 ENST00000397010

ENST00000397006 ENST00000397015 ENST00000397012 ENST00000397023 ENST00000397026 ENST00000397029

ENST00000287820

(Experimental results according to ¹GeneNote and GNF BioGPS,
probe sets-to-genes annotations according to ²GeneAnnot , ³GeneTide , Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Electronic Northern calculations according to data from UniGene (Build 219 Homo sapiens), SAGE tags according to CGAP, plus additional links to SOURCE, and/or GNF BioGPS, and/or EXPOLDB, and/or UniProtKB,
Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems )
About This Section

PPARG expression in normal and diseased human tissues

Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays for PPARG

¹ / ² / ³

3 probe-sets matching PPARG gene

Affymetrix probe-set	Array	# genes	Sensitivity	Specificity	Correlation	Length	Gb_Accession	Consensus	Uniqueness	Score	Rank
Affymetrix probe-set	Array	GeneAnnot data			GeneNote data		GeneTide data
37104_at²^{, 3}	U95-A	1	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	L40904	0.80	1.00	0.91	1
208510_s_at²^{, 3}	U133-A	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	NM_015869	0.60	1.00	0.82	1
208510_s_at²	U133Plus2	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	--	--	--	--	--

GeneDecks PPARG for binary patterns associated with the probe-sets selected above

About GeneDecksing

About this table

Data from

(Publications) and GNF BioGPS
About these images
About these images

CGAP SAGE TAG: AGTCTTCACC

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.162646
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PPARG_HUMAN, P37231
Tissue specificity: Highest expression in adipose tissue. Lower in skeletal muscle, spleen, heart
and liver. Also detectable in placenta, lung and ovary

(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD and/or ⁵MGI Jun 06 2009, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, Gene Trees according to Ensembl)
About This Section

Orthologs for PPARG gene from 5/12 species (see all 12 )

Organism	Gene	Locus	Description	Human Similarity	NCBI accessions
dog (Canis familiaris)	PPARG¹	--	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	92.34(n) 98.22(a)	403606 NM_001024632.1 NP_001019803.1
chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)	PPARG¹	--	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	99.54(n) 99.8(a)	460178 XM_001153669.1 XP_001153669.1
cow (Bos taurus)	PPARG¹	--	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	91.02(n) 95.84(a)	281993 NM_181024.2 NP_851367.1
rat (Rattus norvegicus)	Pparg¹	--	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	89.83(n) 95.84(a)	25664 NM_013124.1 NP_037256.1
mouse (Mus musculus)	Pparg^{1, 5}	6 (52.70 cM)⁵	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma^{1, 5}	90.03(n)¹ 96.04(a)¹	19016¹ NM_011146.2¹ NP_035276.1¹ AB256529⁵ AB256530⁵ (see all 32)

About this table Species with no ortholog for PPARG

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for PPARG

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene
and ²Ensembl, Pseudogenes according to ³Pseudogene.org)
About This Section

Paralogs for PPARG gene

PPARD² PPARA²

(According to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, and UniProtKB, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Genotyping Reagents from Applied Biosystems)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PPARG_HUMAN, P37231

Polymorphism: Genetic variation in PPARG may influence body mass index (BMI) [MIM:606641]. BMI

reflects the amount of fat, lean mass, and body build

10/846 NCBI SNPs in PPARG are shown (see all 846 )
(Click for Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Genotyping Assay) (see all 336)

AB	SNP ID	Valid	Chr 3 pos	Sequence	Recs	AA Chg	Type	More	Recs	Pop	Total sample	More
AB	Genomic Data				Transcription Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--			--
	rs2197423^1,2	A,C,F,H	12366583(-)	`AGACAC/TGATGG`	4	--	ng5¹ int¹		4	EU EA WA	408
	rs7647481^1,2	A,C,F,H	12366813(+)	`ATTCCG/ATGATG`	4	--	int¹ ng5¹		4	EU EA WA	416
	rs6802898^1,2	A,C,F,H	12366207(+)	`GTTTTC/TGCTTT`	4	--	int¹ ng5¹		7	EU EA WA NA	562
	rs4135302^1,2	C,F,H	12367649(+)	`AGCAAG/AAGATT`	4	--	int¹ ng5¹		9	NS EU EA WA	688
	rs1801282^1,2	C,F,H	12368125(+)	`TTGACC/GCAGAA`	4	P/A	mis¹ int¹		40	NS MN EU NA EA WA CSAM	3905
--	rs13077495^1,2	C,F,H	12302751(+)	`ttctaT/Cggtat`	2	--	ng5¹		12	EU EA WA NS	1114
	rs4135301^1,2	C,F,H	12367518(+)	`TGATAC/ACAACG`	4	--	ng5¹ int¹		9	NS EU EA WA	704
	rs4135245^1,2	C,F,H	12367792(+)	`GTCACC/GGGCGA`	4	--	int¹ ng5¹		9	NS EU EA WA	700
--	rs13076933^1,2	C,F	12302431(+)	`tgaacT/Ggtaca`	2	--	ng5¹		2	NS	66
--	rs17029002^1,2	C,F	12303932(+)	`AGGGAC/TCCGAA`	3	--	ng5¹		3	NS NA	134

About this table

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium images for PPARG (up to first 250kb)

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to OMIM, UniProtKB, Novoseek, PharmGKB, Genatlas, GeneTests, Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, HGMD, GAD, HuGE Navigator, BCGD, and/or TGDB.)
About This Section

OMIM: 601487

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PPARG_HUMAN, P37231

Defects in PPARG can lead to type 2 insulin-resistant diabetes and hyptertension

Defects in PPARG may be associated with susceptibility to obesity [MIM:601665]

Defects in PPARG may be associated with colon cancer

Defects in PPARG are the cause of familial partial lipodystrophy type 3 (FPLD3)

[MIM:604367]. Familial partial lipodystrophies (FPLD) are a heterogeneous group of genetic

disorders characterized by marked loss of subcutaneous (sc) fat from the extremities. Affected

individuals show an increased preponderance of insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus and

dyslipidemia

Variation in PPARG is associated with carotid intimal medial thickness 1 (CIMT1)

[MIM:609338]. CIMT is a measure of atherosclerosis that is independently associated with

traditional atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk factors and coronary atherosclerotic

burden. 35 to 45% of the variability in multivariable-adjusted CIMT is explained by genetic

factors

10/95 Novoseek disease relationships for PPARG gene (see all 95 )

Disease	Score	Articles	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
insulin sensitivity	86.19	294	19390629 (3), 15637349 (3), 16920849 (2), 10652233 (2) (see all 99)
insulin resistance	85.65	340	16305809 (5), 11533050 (5), 11872365 (5), 16508313 (4) (see all 99)
obesity	75.85	204	9806316 (4), 12709137 (4), 16716756 (4), 10762291 (3) (see all 99)
niddm	74.34	120	15558556 (5), 16920849 (2), 17884451 (2), 16108843 (2) (see all 79)
lipodystrophy, familial partial	73.52	24	17766367 (3), 17299075 (2), 17312272 (2), 17684446 (1) (see all 11)
atherosclerosis	73.39	168	12682906 (3), 11790295 (3), 9636198 (2), 11742860 (2) (see all 99)
dyslipidemia	71.70	39	15491498 (3), 15684639 (1), 12643107 (1), 16168052 (1) (see all 27)
partial lipodystrophy	71.18	19	17356052 (4), 15711581 (3), 12453919 (2), 15177263 (1) (see all 11)
inflammation	69.69	327	18382616 (5), 18400717 (4), 16614990 (3), 12730872 (3) (see all 99)
fluid retention	67.69	23	15475592 (2), 16822823 (2), 11336599 (1), 18288280 (1) (see all 14)

About this table

3 PharmGKB disease relationships for PPARG gene

Disease	PharmGKB Relations	PubMed IDs for articles supporting these relationships
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent	PD	15181049
Endometrial Neoplasms	CO GN	15608564
Obesity	PD	9806549

About this table

Genatlas disease: PPARG

marked obesity with a high body-mass index and a defect in the regulation of adipocyte

differentiation associated with type 2 diabetes

Human Gene Mutation Database: PPARG
Genetic Association Database: PPARG
Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator: PPARG (415 documents)

(Possibly Related Articles in Doctor's Guide)
About This Section

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Novoseek, ²HGNC, ³Entrez Gene, ⁴UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁵UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁶GAD, and/or ⁷PharmGKB)
About This Section

10/2739 PubMed articles for PPARG gene (see all 2739 ):

Ala12Ala genotype of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2 protects against atherosclerosis. (PubMed id 15356014)^{3, 4, 6} Temelkova-Kurktschiev T....Laakso M. (2004)
Gly482Ser polymorphism of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 gene might be a risk factor for diabetic retinopathy in Slovene population (Caucasians) with type 2 diabetes and the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPARgamma gene is not. (PubMed id 15782399)^{1, 3, 6} Petrovic M.G....Petrovic D. (2005)
[Clinical genetic determinants of carbohydrate metabolism disturbances in patients with hypertension and excessive weight] (PubMed id 15940190)^{1, 3, 6} Kobalava Z.h.D....Moiseev V.S. (2005)
PPARgamma gene polymorphism is associated with exercise-mediated changes of insulin resistance in healthy men. (PubMed id 12601634)^{1, 3, 6} Kahara T....Kobayashi K. (2003)
Does peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma genotype (Pro12ala) modify the association of physical activity and dietary fat with fasting insulin level? (PubMed id 14681835)^{1, 3, 6} Franks P.W....Wareham N.J. (2004)
Loss-of-function mutations in PPAR-gamma associated with human colon cancer. (PubMed id 10394368)^{1, 3, 4} Sarraf P.... Eng C. (1999)
No evidence that polymorphisms in CYP2C8, CYP2C9, UGT1A6, PPARdelta and PPARgamma act as modifiers of the protective effect of regular NSAID use on the risk of colorectal carcinoma. (PubMed id 16141797)^{1, 3, 6} McGreavey L.E....Barrett J.H. (2005)
Genetic variation in fatty acid-binding protein-4 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma interactively influence insulin sensitivity and body composition in males. (PubMed id 15015141)^{1, 3, 6} Damcott C.M....Ferrell R.E. (2004)
Association of common polymorphisms in inflammatory genes interleukin (IL)6, IL8, tumor necrosis factor alpha, NFKB1, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma with colorectal cancer. (PubMed id 12839942)^{1, 3, 6} Landi S....Canzian F. (2003)
A functional polymorphism in a STAT5B site of the human PPAR gamma 3 gene promoter affects height and lipid metabolism in a French population. (PubMed id 12588773)^{1, 3, 6} Meirhaeghe A....Amouyel P. (2003)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
About This Section

		AND	OR
Aliases
Free Text

Query String		PubMed OMIM NCBI Bookshelf
	(Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, and/or H-InvDB)
About This Section

Entrez Gene: 5468	HGNC: 9236	AceView: PPARG	Ensembl:ENSG00000132170	euGenes: HUgn5468
ECgene: PPARG	H-InvDB: PPARG

(According to HUGE)
About This Section

(According to ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, MTDB, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
About This Section

Name	Description
ATLAS Chromosomes in Cancer entry for PPARG	Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
GeneReviews	http://www.genetests.org/query?gene=PPARG
SeattleSNPs	http://pga.gs.washington.edu/data/pparg/

Licensable Technologies for PPARG
(Available from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts)

About This Section

Licensable Technologies for PPARG gene:

Salk Institute:

Use of RAR Antagonists as Modulators of Hormone Mediated Processes

(see all 4)

(Reagents available from Applied Biosystems, Antibodies and assays by Cell Signaling Technology, Abcam, Novus Biologicals,
Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Millipore, Abnova, and/or Invitrogen, Clones available from OriGene,and/or Invitrogen, Drugs and/or compounds by Sigma-Aldrich,
Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Tocris Bioscience)
About This Section

Products for PPARG:

TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays

TaqMan ® Genotyping Assays

Free SNP selection tool

Invitrogen iPath Pathways	Invitrogen BLOCK-iT™ RNAi
Invitrogen Antibodies	Invitrogen Assays
Invitrogen Clones	Invitrogen Q-PCR Products
Invitrogen Human Recombinant Kinases	Invitrogen Custom Antibody and Peptide Service
Invitrogen Proteins / Assays / Screening Services	Search Invitrogen catalog for PPARG-related products

	Millipore Custom Antibody & Bulk Services
	Millipore Preclinical / Clinical Development Services
	Millipore Immunoassay Services
	Millipore Target Screening & Profiling Services

	Predesigned and custom siRNAs for PPARG		Antibodies for PPARG
	Explore super-pooled esiRNAs		Proteins for PPARG
	Lentivirus-delivered shRNAs for PPARG		Small molecules for PPARG
	"Your Favorite Gene" Pathways		feedback

	Antibodies		Primer Pairs
	Cell Culture Products		ELISAs
	Flow Cytometry Kits		Protease Activity Assays & Reagents
	Cell Selection/Detection Kits & Reagents		ELISA/Assay Development Kits & Reagents
	Multiplex/Array Assay Kits & Reagents		ELISpot Kits & Development Modules
	Recombinant & Natural Proteins

	Recombinant Proteins (PPARG)
	Antibodies (PPARG)
	Chimera RNAi (PPARG)
	Custom Service for Mouse Mab
	Custom Service for Rabbit Pab from Full-length Protein

Antibodies & Assays for PPARG (PPARgamma)

	Recombinant Proteins (PPAR gamma 2 , PPAR gamma , PPAR gamma 1+2 )
	Antibodies (PPAR gamma 2 , PPAR gamma , PPAR gamma 1+2 )

	Tagged/untagged cDNA clones
	Validated SYBR primer pairs
	Purified proteins from HEK293T cells
	Western blot validated antibodies
	shRNA in GFP-retroviral vector

Tocris compounds for PPARG

	Drugs for PPARG
	Search www.enzolifesicences.com for proteins, assays, substrates, inhibitors & antibodies

Antibodies for PPARG

GeneCards Homepage - Last full update: 2 Jul 2009 Incremental update: 13 Oct 2009

Random Gene From GIFtS :

about GIFtS

Gene Index: 3 5 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Developed at the Crown Human Genome Center & Weizmann Institute of Science

The GeneCards Human Gene Database: Copyright © 1996-2009, Weizmann Institute of Science. All Rights Reserved.
PPARG Gene at Home site.
Version 2.41.1
server5.xennexinc.com

PPARG Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 75

Aliases &
Descriptions
for PPARG

Summaries
for PPARG

Genomic Location
for PPARG

Proteins
for PPARG

Protein Domains/
Families
for PPARG

Gene Function
for PPARG

Pathways & Interactions
for PPARG

Drugs & Compounds
for PPARG

Transcripts
for PPARG

Expression
for PPARG

Orthologs
for PPARG

Paralogs
for PPARG

SNPs/Variants
for PPARG

Disorders & Mutations
for PPARG

Medical News
for PPARG

Publications
for PPARG

Search for PPARG

Genome Databases showing PPARG

Other Databases showing PPARG

Specialized Databases showing PPARG

Licensable Technologies
for PPARG

Services
for PPARG

Gene Index: 3 5 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

PPARG Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 75

Aliases & Descriptionsfor PPARG

Summariesfor PPARG

Genomic Locationfor PPARG

Proteinsfor PPARG

Protein Domains/Familiesfor PPARG

Gene Functionfor PPARG

Pathways & Interactionsfor PPARG

Drugs & Compoundsfor PPARG

Transcriptsfor PPARG

Expression for PPARG

Orthologsfor PPARG

Paralogsfor PPARG

SNPs/Variantsfor PPARG

Disorders & Mutationsfor PPARG

Medical Newsfor PPARG

Publicationsfor PPARG

Search for PPARG

Genome Databases showing PPARG

Other Databases showing PPARG

Specialized Databases showing PPARG

Licensable Technologiesfor PPARG

Servicesfor PPARG

Gene Index: 3 5 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Aliases &
Descriptions
for PPARG

Summaries
for PPARG

Genomic Location
for PPARG

Proteins
for PPARG

Protein Domains/
Families
for PPARG

Gene Function
for PPARG

Pathways & Interactions
for PPARG

Drugs & Compounds
for PPARG

Transcripts
for PPARG

Expression
for PPARG

Orthologs
for PPARG

Paralogs
for PPARG

SNPs/Variants
for PPARG

Disorders & Mutations
for PPARG

Medical News
for PPARG

Publications
for PPARG

Licensable Technologies
for PPARG

Services
for PPARG