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Category Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21

GIFtS
-

PPARA Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 71
GCID: GC22P046546

peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha

(Previous names: peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, alpha )
(Previous symbol: PPAR)

Explore 141 diseases affiliated with
PPARA via

MalaCards

our new
Human Malady Compendium

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Alpha¹ ²		Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1 Group C Member 1² ³
PPAR¹ ² ³ ⁵		PPAR-Alpha¹
NR1C1¹ ² ³		PPARalpha²
HPPAR¹		Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Nuclear Receptor Alpha Variant 3²
Peroxisome Proliferative Activated Receptor, Alpha¹ ²

External Ids:	HGNC: 9232¹	Entrez Gene: 5465²	Ensembl: ENSG00000186951⁷	OMIM: 170998⁵	UniProtKB: Q07869³

Export aliases for PPARA gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC22P043114 GC22P044760 GC22P044868 GC22P044954 GC22P029490

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for PPARA:

Peroxisome proliferators include hypolipidemic drugs, herbicides, leukotriene antagonists, and plasticizers; this term

arises because they induce an increase in the size and number of peroxisomes. Peroxisomes are subcellular organelles

found in plants and animals that contain enzymes for respiration and for cholesterol and lipid metabolism. The action

of peroxisome proliferators is thought to be mediated via specific receptors, called PPARs, which belong to the

steroid hormone receptor superfamily. PPARs affect the expression of target genes involved in cell proliferation, cell

differentiation and in immune and inflammation responses. Three closely related subtypes (alpha, beta/delta, and

gamma) have been identified. This gene encodes the subtype PPAR-alpha, which is a nuclear transcription factor.

Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene, although the full-length nature

of only two has been determined. (provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PPARA_HUMAN, Q07869

Function: Ligand-activated transcription factor. Key regulator of lipid metabolism. Activated by the endogenous ligand

1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine (16:0/18:1-GPC). Activated by oleylethanolamide, a naturally

occurring lipid that regulates satiety (By similarity). Receptor for peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic

drugs and fatty acids. Regulates the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Functions as transcription

activator for the ACOX1 and P450 genes. Transactivation activity requires heterodimerization with RXRA and is

antagonized by NR2C2

summary for PPARA:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) is a member of the nuclear receptor family of

ligand-activated transcription factors that heterodimerize with the retinoic X receptor (RXR) to regulate

gene expression. PPARalpha is located primarily in the liver, adipose tissue, kidney, heart, skeletal muscle

and large intestine where it is thought to regulate fatty acid synthesis and oxidation, gluconeogenesis,

ketogenesis and lipoprotein assembly. The human gene encoding PPARalpha has been localized to chromosome 22

(22q12-13.1).

Gene Wiki entry for PPARA (Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha)

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000022.10 NC_018933.1 NT_011520.12

Regulatory elements:

SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the PPARA gene promoter:
AP-2alpha isoform 3 AP-1 AP-2alpha isoform 4 AP-2alpha isoform 2 AP-2alpha
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmids (see all 3): PPARA promoter sequence

Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for PPARA

Epigenetics:

QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat PPARA

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 22q13.31 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 22q13.31 HGNC cytogenetic band: 22q12-q13.1

PPARA Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
PPARA gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 22 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC22P046546: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	46,546,424 bp from pter	End:	46,639,653 bp from pter
Size:	93,230 bases	Orientation:	plus strand

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to ²PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PPARA_HUMAN, Q07869 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha

Size: 468 amino acids; 52225 Da

Subunit: Heterodimer; with RXRA. This heterodimerization is required for DNA binding and transactivation activity.

Interacts with AKAP13, LPIN1 and PRDM16. Also interacts with PPARBP coactivator in vitro. Interacts with CITED2; the

interaction stimulates its transcriptional activity (By similarity). Interacts with NCOA3 and NCOA6 coactivators.

Interacts with ASXL1 AND ASXL2

Subcellular location: Nucleus

6/14 PDB 3D structures from and Proteopedia for PPARA (see all 14):

1I7G (3D)

1K7L (3D)

1KKQ (3D)

2NPA (3D)

2P54 (3D)

2REW (3D)

Secondary accessions: Q16241 Q6I9S0 Q92486 Q92689 Q9Y3N1

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for PPARA: NX_Q07869

Post-translational modifications:

View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus²

View neXtProt modification sites for NX_Q07869

PPARA Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb: About this image

REFSEQ proteins (2 alternative transcripts):

NP_001001928.1 NP_005027.2

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000397291 ENSP00000411677 ENSP00000414752 ENSP00000385523 ENSP00000385246

ENSP00000379322 ENSP00000262735 ENSP00000408149

Reactome Protein details: Q07869
Human Recombinant Protein Products:

	Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at EMD Millipore
	Browse R&D Systems for human recombinant proteins
	Browse recombinant and purified proteins available from Enzo Life Sciences
	Browse OriGene full length recombinant human proteins expressed in human HEK293 cells OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysate (see all 3): PPARA OriGene Custom Protein Services for PPARA
	GenScript Custom Purified and Recombinant Proteins Services for PPARA
	Novus Biologicals PPARA Protein Novus Biologicals PPARA Lysates
	Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
	Browse ProSpec Recombinant Proteins
	Browse Proteins at Uscn

Gene Ontology (GO): 2 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005634	nucleus	TAS	16271724
GO:0005654	nucleoplasm	TAS	--

PPARA for ontologies About GeneDecksing

PPARA Antibody Products:

	EMD Millipore Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies for the study of PPARA
	R&D Systems Antibodies for PPARA (PPAR alpha/NR1C1)
	OriGene Antibodies (see all 8): PPARA OriGene Custom Antibody Services for PPARA
	GenScript Superior Antibodies for PPARA
	Novus Biologicals PPARA Antibodies
	Search for Antibodies for PPARA at Abcam
	Browse Antibodies at Uscn
	ThermoFisher Antibody for PPARA

Assay Products for PPARA:

	Browse Kits and Assays available from EMD Millipore
	OriGene Custom Immunoassay Development Browse OriGene Fluorogenic Cell Assay Kits
	Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
	GenScript Custom Assay Services for PPARA
	Browse Enzo Life Sciences for kits & assays
	Browse ELISAs and CLIAs at Uscn

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

PPARA for domains About GeneDecksing

5/7 InterPro domains/families (see all 7):

IPR008946 Nucl_hormone_rcpt_ligand-bd

IPR001723 Str_hrmn_rcpt

IPR003074 1Cnucl_rcpt

IPR013088 Znf_NHR/GATA

IPR003076 1Cnucl_rcpt_A

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry Q07869

ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q07869

3 Blocks protein families:

IPB001723 Steroid hormone receptor signature

IPB003074 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (1C nuclear receptor) signature

IPB003076 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha signature

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PPARA_HUMAN, Q07869

Similarity: Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR1 subfamily

Similarity: Contains 1 nuclear receptor DNA-binding domain

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Function Summary:

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PPARA_HUMAN, Q07869

Function: Ligand-activated transcription factor. Key regulator of lipid metabolism. Activated by the endogenous ligand

1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine (16:0/18:1-GPC). Activated by oleylethanolamide, a naturally

occurring lipid that regulates satiety (By similarity). Receptor for peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic

drugs and fatty acids. Regulates the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Functions as transcription

activator for the ACOX1 and P450 genes. Transactivation activity requires heterodimerization with RXRA and is

antagonized by NR2C2

Genatlas biochemistry entry for PPARA:

peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor,alpha isoform,steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily,heterodimerizing

with RXR*,highly expressed in liver,involved in the control of fatty acid synthesis,oxidation and ketogenesis,plyaing

a critical role in the cellular fasting response

		10/619 SABiosciences Target genes for PPARA (see all 619):
		A2ML1 ABCG8 ABHD14B ABRA ABTB2 ACMSD ACOT1 ACOT4 ACOT6 ACOT8

miRNA Products:		miRTarBase miRNAs that target PPARA: hsa-mir-22 (MIRT002473), hsa-mir-519d (MIRT000630), hsa-mir-10b (MIRT005068)

		OriGene 3'-UTR Clone (see all 2): PPARA Browse MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat PPARA
		8/109 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate PPARA (see all 109):
		hsa-miR-520e hsa-miR-106a hsa-miR-200a hsa-miR-128 hsa-miR-219-5p hsa-miR-550a* hsa-miR-409-5p hsa-miR-93

		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: PPARA 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
		OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for PPARA (see all 7) OriGene shRNA RFP: PPARA OriGene siRNA: PPARA
		QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat PPARA

Gene Editing
Products:

DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for PPARA

Clone Products:		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from EMD Millipore
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		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector (see all 2): PPARA (NM_005036)
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		Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat PPARA

Cell Line Products:		GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for PPARA
		Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for PPARA

In Situ Assay
Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for PPARA

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/20 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 20): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0001103	RNA polymerase II repressing transcription factor binding	IPI	19955185
GO:0003677	DNA binding	TAS	10860941
GO:0003700	sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity	ISS	--
GO:0003706	ligand-regulated transcription factor activity	--	--
GO:0003707	steroid hormone receptor activity	IDA	19955185

PPARA for ontologies About GeneDecksing

2 GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for PPARA:

Decreased cell number

Decreased influenza A virus in

Animal Models:
Mouse knock-out Ppara^tm1Gonz for PPARA
10 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 1 allele) (MGI details for Ppara):

adipose tissue	cardiovascular system	cellular	growth/size	homeostasis/metabolism
immune system	integument	liver/biliary system	mortality/aging	muscle

PPARA for phenotypes About GeneDecksing

(Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, ³I2D, and/or ⁴STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
About This Section

Unified GeneCards pathways - 5/16 super-pathways (see all 16) About this table

See pathways by source

Super-pathway

contained gene-specific pathways

Regulation of Lipid Metabolism by Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha)

	Regulation of Lipid Metabolism by Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha)	1.00			Fatty acid, triacylglycerol, and ketone body metabolism	0.52
	PPARA Activates Gene Expression	0.74

Transcription_Sin3 and NuRD in transcription regulation

Transcription_Sin3 and NuRD in transcription regulation

1.00

Transcription Sin3 and NuRD in transcription regulation

0.96

Nuclear Receptor transcription pathway

Nuclear Receptor transcription pathway

1.00

Nuclear Receptors

0.68

Generic Transcription Pathway

Generic Transcription Pathway

1.00

Gene Expression

0.46

Metabolism

Metabolism

1.00

Metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins

0.34

Pathway sources
See GeneCards unified pathways
Show all pathways

2 EMD Millipore Pathways for PPARA

	Transcription PPAR Pathway
	Transcription Sin3 and NuRD in transcription regulation

2 Downloadable PowerPoint Slides of QIAGEN Pathway Central Maps for PPARA

	PGC1Alpha Pathway
	PPAR Pathway

2 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) Pathways for PPARA

	Transcription Sin3 and NuRD in transcription regulation
	Transcription PPAR Pathway

4 BioSystems Pathways for PPARA

	Nuclear Receptors
	Adipogenesis
	Nuclear receptors in lipid metabolism and toxicity
	Energy Metabolism

5/11 Reactome Pathways for PPARA (see all 11)

	Expression of PPARA
	Circadian Clock
	Generic Transcription Pathway
	Nuclear Receptor transcription pathway
	Metabolism

3 Kegg Pathways (Kegg details for PPARA):

	PPAR signaling pathway
	Adipocytokine signaling pathway
	Hepatitis C

PPARA for pathways About GeneDecksing

Interactions:

SABiosciences Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for PPARA

STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 25)

5/175 Interacting proteins for PPARA (Q07869^{1, 2, 3} ENSP00000262735⁴) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 175)

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
NCOR2	Q9Y618²^,³, ENSP00000348551⁴	MINT-15842 MINT-15843 I2D: score=3 STRING: ENSP00000348551
FABP1	P07148³, ENSP00000295834⁴	I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000295834
MED1	Q15648³, ENSP00000300651⁴	I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000300651
PPARGC1A	Q9UBK2³, ENSP00000264867⁴	I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000264867
DUT	P33316³, ENSP00000370376⁴	I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000370376

About this table

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/38 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 38): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0000122	negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter	IDA	12700342
GO:0001666	response to hypoxia	IEA	--
GO:0006355	regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent	--	--
GO:0006367	transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter	TAS	--
GO:0006629	lipid metabolic process	TAS	9792666

PPARA for ontologies About GeneDecksing

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
About This Section

PPARA for compounds About GeneDecksing

Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore

Enzo Life Sciences drugs & compounds for PPARA

Compounds for PPARA available from Tocris Bioscience About this table

Compound	Action	CAS #
WY 14643	Selective PPARalpha agonist	[50892-23-4]
Oleylethanolamide	GPR55 agonist. Also PPARalpha agonist	[111-58-0]
GW 7647	Highly selective, potent PPARalpha agonist. Orally active	[265129-71-3]
GW 6471	PPARalpha antagonist	[436159-64-7]
Tesaglitazar	PPARalpha/gamma agonist	[251565-85-2]

10/34 HMDB Compounds for PPARA (see all 34) About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	PubMed Ids
(2E)-Decenoyl-CoA	(E)-S-2-decenoate Coenzyme A (see all 15)	10018-95-8	--
(2E)-Dodecenoyl-CoA	2-trans-Dodecenoyl-Coenzyme A (see all 4)	1066-12-2	--
(2E)-Hexadecenoyl-CoA	trans-2-Hexadecenoyl-CoA (see all 4)	4460-95-1	--
(2E)-Octenoyl-CoA	(E)-S-2-octenoate Coenzyme A (see all 16)	10018-94-7	--
(2E)-Tetradecenoyl-CoA	(2E)-Tetradecenoyl-Coenzyme A (see all 8)	38795-33-4	--
2-Methylbutyryl-CoA	2-methylbutanoyl-CoA (see all 11)	6712-02-3	--
2-Methylhexanoyl-CoA	2-Methylhexanoyl-CoEnzyme A (see all 5)	--	--
3Z-dodecenoyl-CoA	S-[2-[3-[[(2R)-4-[[[(2R,3R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-phosphonooxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl]amino]propanoylamino]ethyl] (Z)-dodec-3-enethioate (see all 4)	2152-91-2	--
Acetyl-CoA	S-Acetyl coenzyme A (see all 13)	72-89-9	--
Acrylyl-CoA	Acryloyl coenzyme A (see all 14)	5776-58-9	--

8 DrugBank Compounds for PPARA About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	Type	Actions	PubMed Ids
Bezafibrate	Bezafibrat (see all 3)	41859-67-0	target	agonist	11519881 10909982 11422732 11752352 11172467 10933891 18629356 16511610
Clofibrate	Chlorfenisate (see all 11)	637-07-0	target	agonist	20637823 20671072 10753628 10454501 10922459 10951268 10787442
Fenofibrate	Fenofibrato [INN-Spanish] (see all 5)	49562-28-9	target	agonist	11018525 10799317 10828060 11752352 11474486 10494028 11342537
Gemfibrozil	--	25812-30-0	target	agonist	12244038 12172398 12834305 12935323 10494028
Deoxy-Bigchap	--	--	target	--	17139284 17016423
(2S)-2-methoxy-3-{4-[2-(5-methyl-2-phenyl-1,3-oxazol-4-yl)ethoxy]-1-benzothiophen-7-yl}propanoic acid	--	--	target	--	10592235
2-METHYL-2-(4-{[({4-METHYL-2-[4-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)PHENYL]-1,3-THIAZOL-5-YL}CARBONYL)AMINO]METHYL}PHENOXY)PROPANOIC ACID	--	--	target	--	10592235
3-{5-methoxy-1-[(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl]-1H-indol-3-yl}propanoic acid	--	--	target	--	10592235

10/141 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for PPARA gene (see all 141) About this table

Compound	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
fenofibrate	92.5	208	15618549 (4), 17184146 (4), 20511708 (3), 19150877 (3) (see all 99)
wy14643	92.1	103	17610302 (4), 10744771 (3), 15183193 (2), 12191966 (2) (see all 65)
rosiglitazone	87.5	76	19067734 (2), 10393202 (2), 15821150 (2), 18985998 (2) (see all 61)
ciglitazone	86.6	28	12191966 (2), 12195700 (2), 12352144 (1), 12860474 (1) (see all 24)
15-deoxy-delta-12,14-prostaglandin j2	85.9	37	11840453 (2), 11971025 (1), 12860474 (1), 19429239 (1) (see all 24)
gw 7647	85.4	26	20110263 (4), 11354382 (2), 19887568 (2), 17683485 (1) (see all 14)
ragaglitazar	85	15	16240504 (3), 14551179 (2), 17014868 (2), 16822823 (2) (see all 9)
fenofibric acid	84.9	24	15169608 (1), 17533223 (1), 15201343 (1), 19661212 (1) (see all 15)
gw501516	84.3	8	17461989 (1), 16038868 (1), 19667161 (1), 15612696 (1) (see all 7)
fatty acid	83.6	352	11071880 (3), 17007889 (3), 15614817 (3), 18460914 (3) (see all 99)

1 PharmGKB related drug/compound annotation for PPARA gene

Drug/compound	PharmGKB Annotation
Beta Blocking Agents	CA

About this table

Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about PPARA

(Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
About This Section

REFSEQ mRNAs for PPARA gene (5 alternative transcripts):

NM_001001928.2 NM_005036.4 NM_001001929.2 NM_001001930.2 NM_032644.3

Unigene Clusters for PPARA:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha

Hs.103110 [show with all ESTs], Hs.710044 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequences: NM_005036, BX091396

13 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:

ENST00000440343 ENST00000415785 ENST00000420804 ENST00000460086 ENST00000407236(uc003bgw.1 uc010hab.1 uc003bhb.1)

ENST00000496865 ENST00000484619(uc003bgy.1) ENST00000481567(uc003bgz.1)

ENST00000402126 ENST00000493286(uc003bha.3) ENST00000396000 ENST00000262735(uc003bgx.1 uc010hac.1)

ENST00000434345

miRNA Products:		OriGene 3'-UTR Clone (see all 2): PPARA Browse OriGene MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat PPARA
		8/109 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate PPARA (see all 109):
		hsa-miR-520e hsa-miR-106a hsa-miR-200a hsa-miR-128 hsa-miR-219-5p hsa-miR-550a* hsa-miR-409-5p hsa-miR-93

		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: PPARA 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
		OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for PPARA (see all 7) OriGene shRNA RFP: PPARA OriGene siRNA: PPARA
		QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat PPARA

Clone Products:		OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for PPARA (see all 5) OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for PPARA (see all 3) OriGene custom cloning services � gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
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Additional cDNA sequence: AF086231.1

11 DOTS entries:

DT.407609 DT.75189634 DT.75100475 DT.204727 DT.70104478 DT.100755573 DT.120629902 DT.100743056

DT.91712491 DT.95368145 DT.315850

24/200 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 200):

BX113616 AW192330 BE280369 AU099251 AU104848 BF001489 BC071932 T81505

NM_001001930 BC004162 BE019481 NM_001001928 AA587942 AY258330 BQ924716 CA432749

S74349 AA345311 BE019407 AI911455 AI633755 BM828841 BG739789 AI753669

GeneLoc Exon Structure

5/8 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for PPARA (see all 8) About this scheme

ExUns:	1a	·	1b	^	2	^	3	^	4a	·	4b	^	5	^	6a	·	6b	^	7a	·	7b	^	8	^	9a	·	9b	·	9c	·	9d	^	10	^	11a	·	11b
SP1:													-								-										-
SP2:													-								-										-
SP3:																					-
SP4:									-		-		-								-
SP5:									-		-		-								-

ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for PPARA

(RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
About This Section

PPARA expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS
CGAP TAG: GCTGTTAGAT

About this image

PPARA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells

Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine About this table

7 LifeMap In Vivo Development Anatomical Compartments/Cells

Tissue

Anatomical Compartment

Cell

Category (developmental path)

Adipose

Cervical Brown Adipose Depot

Cervical Brown Adipocyte Cells

Selective marker (cell-identifying gene)

Adipose

Lumbar Brown Adipose Depot

Lumbar Brown Adipocyte Cells

Adipose

Sacral Brown Adipose Depot

Sacral Brown Adipocyte Cells

Adipose

Thoracic Brown Adipose Depot

Thoracic Brown Adipocyte Cells

Adipose

Liver

Interscapular Brown Adipose Depot

Adipose

Thoracic Perivascular Adipose

Adipose

Expression:

Positive

Negative

Selective marker

Experimental details:

Curated

Microarrays

In-situ hybridization

Stem Cell Differentiation: 4 LifeMap Cells

Name

Category

Brown adipocyte-like cells (Directed differentia...)

Adipose

White adipocyte-like cells (Differentiation of w...)

Brown adipocyte-like cells (Differentiation of w...)

Connective tissue progenitor cells (Generation of connec...)

See PPARA Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
Genevestigator expression for PPARA

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene clusters: Hs.103110 Hs.710044

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PPARA_HUMAN, Q07869

Tissue specificity: Skeletal muscle, liver, heart and kidney

SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Arrays including PPARA (see all 15):

Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Pathway in human mouse rat

Nuclear Receptors & Coregulators in human mouse rat

Hepatotoxicity in human mouse rat

Diabetes in human mouse rat

Adipogenesis in human mouse rat

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In Situ
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(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD , ⁵MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or ⁶Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
About This Section

This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.

Orthologs for PPARA gene from 5/14 species (see all 14) About this table

Organism	Taxonomic classification	Gene	Description	Human Similarity	Orthology Type	Details
chicken (Gallus gallus)	Aves	PPARA¹	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	79.2(n) 88.89(a)		374120 NM_001001464.1 NP_001001464.1
lizard (Anolis carolinensis)	Reptilia	PPARA⁶	--	85(a)	1 ↔ 1	5(83451781-83461012)
African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)	Amphibia	MGC68537²	hypothetical protein MGC68537	75.58(n)		M84161.1
zebrafish (Danio rerio)	Actinopterygii	LOC100534818¹	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha-like	72.42(n) 79.44(a)		100534818 XM_003201374.1 XP_003201422.1
worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)	Secernentea	nhr-85⁶	Nuclear hormone receptor family member nhr-85	17(a)	1 → many	I(13056080-13062111)

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for PPARA (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for PPARA (if available)

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene,
²Ensembl, and ³SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to ⁴Pseudogene.org Build 68)
About This Section

Paralogs for PPARA gene

RORC² NR1D2² PPARD² RORA² NR1D1² RORB² PPARG²

18/47 SIMAP similar genes for PPARA using alignment to 6 protein entries: PPARA_HUMAN (see all proteins) (see all similar genes):

NR1C1 PPARD NR2C1 NR1C2 NR6A1 NR1F1

NR1F2 NR1F3 RORC NR2A3 NR3C2 HNF4G

NR1C3 PPARG NR2F1 NR5A2 RXRB NR1A1

PPARA for paralogs About GeneDecksing

(SNPs/Variants according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
About This Section

SNP ID	Valid	Clinical significance	Chr 22 pos	Sequence	#	AA Chg	Type	More	#	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
Genomic Data					Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--
rs1800206^1,2	C,F,H,	other	46614274(+)	`AGTGCC/GTTTCT`	4	L V	mis¹		19		NS MN EA NA EU	7580
rs35281820^1,2	C	--	29582665(+)	`CGTGC-/CAACACA`	1	--	ut3¹		2		NA	4
rs9626709^1,2	C,F,	--	46544559(+)	`CCCCCG/AGGAAG`	2	--	us2k¹		3		WA CSA	122
rs73886751^1,2	C,	--	46544563(+)	`CGGGAG/AGCATG`	2	--	us2k¹		1		WA	2
rs141905169^1,2		--	46544715(+)	`TTTCTC/TTCCCT`	2	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs147239790^1,2		--	46544744(+)	`AAAAAC/TCCAAG`	2	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs191608052^1,2		--	46544773(+)	`CTGCTA/GAGTGT`	2	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs139073751^1,2		--	46544780(+)	`GTGTAC/GGTGAC`	2	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs142883961^1,2		--	46544911(+)	`TGAGAG/TTCTGG`	2	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs5767320^1,2	C,	--	46544914(+)	`GAGTCT/AGGGAT`	2	--	us2k¹ tfbs³		4		NA WA EA	360

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for PPARA (46546424 - 46639653 bp)
Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 2 variations for PPARA
1 CNV: 6151
1 Indel: 59077
Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): PPARA

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(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
About This Section

PPARA for disorders           About GeneDecksing

OMIM gene information: 170998    OMIM disorders: --

20/141 diseases for PPARA (see all 141):    About MalaCards

fatty acid oxidation disorders hyperapobetalipoproteinemia familial adenomatous polyposis retinol binding protein

maturity-onset diabetes of the young age related macular degeneration glucose intolerance carbohydrate metabolic disorder

polycystic ovary syndrome traumatic brain injury familial combined hyperlipidemia nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

cholesterol type 2 diabetes mellitus hypoalphalipoproteinemia coronary heart disease

metabolic disorders inflammatory bowel disease uterine fibroid tangier disease

6 diseases from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for PPARA:

Diabetes mellitus Atherosclerosis Fatty liver disease Hyperglycemia

Hypertension Heart disease

10/94 Novoseek disease relationships for PPARA gene (see all 94) About this table

Disease	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
dyslipidemia	79.9	86	19454308 (2), 17896982 (2), 16101410 (2), 10327283 (1) (see all 66)
insulin resistance	77.1	77	16731822 (3), 16868225 (3), 18212024 (3), 17611904 (3) (see all 57)
insulin sensitivity	74.7	69	17184146 (4), 15910175 (4), 14519597 (3), 17904198 (3) (see all 39)
atherosclerosis	73.8	127	17631413 (6), 11914252 (3), 10327283 (2), 16503871 (2) (see all 87)
fatty liver	71.4	33	16762007 (2), 17022944 (2), 15118095 (1), 15382158 (1) (see all 21)
metabolic disorder	69.8	41	18566691 (3), 14683520 (2), 10327283 (1), 15283041 (1) (see all 28)
obesity	69.2	79	19646654 (3), 19700678 (2), 14704738 (2), 11590995 (2) (see all 57)
inflammation	68	211	17935055 (3), 17981503 (3), 16091136 (3), 10327283 (2) (see all 99)
cardiovascular diseases	63.2	67	18034623 (3), 18288280 (2), 15503647 (2), 16316298 (2) (see all 49)
hypertriglyceridemia	60.3	16	16497336 (1), 20021445 (1), 9209702 (1), 15828840 (1) (see all 16)

Genetic Association Database (GAD): PPARA
Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: PPARA (125 documents)

Export disorders for PPARA gene to outside databases

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Entrez Gene, ²UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ³HGNC, ⁴GAD, ⁵PharmGKB, ⁶HMDB, ⁷DrugBank, ⁸UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁹ Novoseek, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

PubMed articles for PPARA gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 1816):
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with PPARA)

Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
world of online information

The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22. (PubMed id 10591208)^{1, 2, 3} Dunham I....O'Brien K.P. (1999)
cDNA cloning, chromosomal mapping, and functional characterization of the human peroxisome proliferator activated receptor. (PubMed id 7684926)^{1, 2, 3} Sher T.... Gonzales F.J. (1993)
Optimization of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to screen ligand of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha. (PubMed id 19263263)^{1, 2, 9} Cho M.-C....Yoon D.-Y. (2009)
Structure of the PPARalpha and -gamma ligand binding domain in complex with AZ 242; ligand selectivity and agonist activation in the PPAR family. (PubMed id 11587644)^{1, 2, 9} Cronet P.... Bamberg K. (2001)
Mutation screening of the PPARalpha gene in type 2 diabetes associated with coronary heart disease. (PubMed id 11119019)^{1, 4, 9} Lacquemant C....Froguel P. (2000)
Variations in the genes encoding the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma in psoriasis. (PubMed id 15083308)^{1, 4, 9} Mossner R....Reich K. (2004)
[Clinical genetic determinants of carbohydrate metabolism disturbances in patients with hypertension and excessive weight] (PubMed id 15940190)^{1, 4, 9} Kobalava Z.h.D....Moiseev V.S. (2005)
[Clinicogenetic aspects of carbohydrate metabolism disorders and efficacy of their correction with moxonidine and metformine in patients with arterial hypertension] (PubMed id 15759454)^{1, 4, 9} Kobalava Z.h.D....Zheleznykh E.A. (2005)
Evidence for an association between the Leu162Val polymorphism of the PPARalpha gene and decreased fasting serum triglyceride levels in glucose tolerant subjects. (PubMed id 12835617)^{1, 4, 9} Nielsen E.M....Pedersen O. (2003)
The V227A polymorphism at the PPARA locus is associated with serum lipid concentrations and modulates the association between dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid intake and serum high density lipoprotein concentrations in Chinese women. (PubMed id 16288935)^{1, 4, 9} Chan E....Tai E.S. (2006)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
About This Section

		AND	OR
Aliases
Disorders
Free Text

Query String		PubMed OMIM NCBI Bookshelf
	(Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
About This Section

Entrez Gene: 5465	HGNC: 9232	AceView: PPARA	Ensembl:ENSG00000186951	euGenes: HUgn5465
ECgene: PPARA	Kegg: 5465	H-InvDB: PPARA

(According to HUGE)
About This Section

(According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
About This Section

Name	Description
PharmGKB entry for PPARA	Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
ATLAS Chromosomes in Cancer entry for PPARA	Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
Wikipedia	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peroxisome_proliferator-activated_receptor
SeattleSNPs	http://pga.gs.washington.edu/data/ppara/

Intellectual Property for PPARA gene
(Patent information from GeneIP, Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts, IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)

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Patent Information for PPARA gene:
Search GeneIP for patents involving PPARA

GeneCards and IP:
Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards Improving the IP Search

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peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha

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PPARA Gene

peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha

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