Set Analyses:
Advanced Search

Advanced Search

 
Search By
Section (entire)
for


 
or upload a file of gene symbols


Category   Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21
GIFtS

KARS Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 67
GCID: GC16M075661

lysyl-tRNA synthetase
 Explore 16 diseases affiliated with
KARS via
MalaCards
our new
 Human Malady Compendium 
Biological research products
for KARS    

Aliases
for KARS gene

(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc, 7Ensembl, 8DME, 9miRBase, and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section
This gene clusters with an RNA gene
Subcategory (RNA class): lncRNA

Quality score for the ORGUL clustered with this gene is 3

Aliases
Lysyl-TRNA Synthetase1 2 3     LysRS3
KARS11 2     Lysine TRNA Ligase2
KARS21 2     Lysine--TRNA Ligase2
EC 6.1.1.63 8     KIAA00703
CMTRIB2 5     LysRS3
KRS2     EC 6.1.18

External Ids:    HGNC: 62151   Entrez Gene: 37352   Ensembl: ENSG000000654277   OMIM: 6014215   UniProtKB: Q150463   
ORGUL members:         
NONCODE:n342492    

Export aliases for KARS gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC16M066591 GC16M076622 GC16M075400 GC16M075442 GC16M075443 GC16M074219 GC16M061415


Summaries
for KARS gene

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section
Entrez Gene summary for KARS:
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are a class of enzymes that charge tRNAs with their cognate amino acids. Lysyl-tRNA
synthetase is a homodimer localized to the cytoplasm which belongs to the class II family of tRNA synthetases. It has
been shown to be a target of autoantibodies in the human autoimmune diseases, polymyositis or dermatomyositis.
Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. (provided by
RefSeq, Jul 2008)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: SYK_HUMAN, Q15046
Function: Catalyzes the specific attachment of an amino acid to its cognate tRNA in a 2 step reaction: the amino acid
(AA) is first activated by ATP to form AA-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of the tRNA. When secreted,
acts as a signaling molecule that induces immune response through the activation of monocyte/macrophages. Catalyzes
the synthesis of diadenosine oligophosphate (Ap4A), a signaling molecule involved in the activation of MITF
transcriptional activity. Interacts with HIV-1 virus GAG protein, facilitating the selective packaging of
tRNA(3)(Lys), the primer for reverse transcription initiation

Gene Wiki entry for KARS


Genomic Views
for KARS gene

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000016.9  NC_018927.1  NT_010498.15  
Regulatory elements:
   SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the KARS gene promoter:
         Egr-3   AML1a   Pax-5   Pax-2   Lmo2   Pax-2a   HNF-4alpha1   YY1   Egr-4   
         Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: KARS promoter sequence
   Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for KARS

Epigenetics:
QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat KARS


Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 16q23.1   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  16q23.1   HGNC cytogenetic band: 16q23.1

KARS Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
KARS gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 16         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC16M075661:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
 75,661,622 bp from pter      End:
 75,682,541 bp from pter
Size:
 20,920 bases      Orientation:
 minus strand

Proteins
for KARS gene

(According to 1UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: SYK_HUMAN, Q15046 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: Lysine--tRNA ligase  
Size: 597 amino acids; 68048 Da
Subunit: Homodimer; also part of a multisubunit complex that groups AIMP1, AIMP2, EEF1A1 and tRNA ligases for Arg, Asp,
Glu, Gln, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro. Interacts with AIMP2 (via N-terminus) and MITF. Interacts directly with HIV-1
virus GAG protein
Subcellular location: Isoform Cytoplasmic: Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Secreted.
Note=Secretion is induced by TNF-alpha
Subcellular location: Isoform Mitochondrial: Mitochondrion
Miscellaneous: Shares a bidirectional promoter with TERF2IP/RAP1 (PubMed:14659874)
Sequence caution: Sequence=BAA06688.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Translation N-terminally shortened;
2 PDB 3D structures from and Proteopedia for KARS:
3BJU (3D)        4DPG (3D)    
Secondary accessions: A8MSK1 D3DUK4 O14946 Q96J25 Q9HB23
Alternative splicing: 2 isoforms:  Q15046-1   Q15046-2   (Mitochondrial precursor. Contains a mitochondrial transit peptide at positions 1-16. Ref.2 (AAG30114) sequence is in conflict in position: 48:R->G)

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for KARS: NX_Q15046

Post-translational modifications:

  • View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus2
  • View neXtProt modification sites for NX_Q15046

    • 4/17 DME Specific Peptides for KARS (Q15046) (see all 17)
     PFITYHN  THNPEFT  TERFELF  FLEIETP 

    KARS Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb:    About this image 
    Estimated protein expression log10 (pmol).

    REFSEQ proteins (2 alternative transcripts): 
    NP_001123561.1  NP_005539.1  

    ENSEMBL proteins: 
     ENSP00000325448   ENSP00000303043   ENSP00000454512   ENSP00000455818   ENSP00000456185  
     ENSP00000456786   ENSP00000455488   ENSP00000462057   ENSP00000458028  
    Reactome Protein details: Q15046
    Human Recombinant Protein Products: 
    Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at EMD Millipore
    Browse R&D Systems for human recombinant proteins
    Browse recombinant and purified proteins available from Enzo Life Sciences
    OriGene Purified Protein: KARS
    OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysate: KARS
    OriGene Custom Protein Services for KARS 
    GenScript Custom Purified and Recombinant Proteins Services for KARS
    Novus Biologicals KARS Proteins
    Novus Biologicals KARS Lysate
    Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
    ProSpec Recombinant Protein for KARS
    Uscn Proteins for KARS

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/10 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 10):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005576extracellular region IEA--
    GO:0005625soluble fraction ----
    GO:0005634nucleus IEA--
    GO:0005737cytoplasm IDA--
    GO:0005739mitochondrion IDA10952987


    KARS for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    KARS Antibody Products: 
    Browse EMD Millipore's Extensive Line of Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies
    Browse R&D Systems for Antibodies
    Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Antibodies for KARS 
    Browse OriGene Antibodies
    OriGene Custom Antibody Services for KARS 
    GenScript Custom Superior Antibodies Services for KARS
    Novus Biologicals KARS Antibodies
    Abcam antibodies for KARS 
    Uscn Antibodies for KARS
    ThermoFisher Antibody for KARS

    Assay Products for KARS: 
    Browse Kits and Assays available from EMD Millipore
    OriGene Custom Immunoassay Development
    Browse OriGene Fluorogenic Cell Assay Kits
    Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
    GenScript Custom Assay Services for KARS
    Browse Enzo Life Sciences for kits & assays
    Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for KARS

    Protein Domains /
    Families
    for KARS gene

    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section
    KARS for domains           About GeneDecksing

    5/7 InterPro domains/families (see all 7):
     IPR006195 aa-tRNA-synth_II
     IPR004364 aa-tRNA-synt_II
     IPR002313 Lys-tRNA-ligase_II
     IPR012340 NA-bd_OB-fold
     IPR004365 NA-bd_OB_tRNA-helicase

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry Q15046

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q15046

    3 Blocks protein families:
    IPB002313 Lysyl-tRNA synthetase signature
    IPB004364 tRNA synthetase
    IPB004365 OB-fold nucleic acid binding domain


    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: SYK_HUMAN, Q15046
    Domain: The N-terminal domain (1-65) of the cytoplasmic isoform is a functional tRNA-binding domain (By similarity), is
    required for nuclear localization, is involved in the interaction with DARS, but has a repulsive role in the binding
    to EEF1A1. A central domain (208-259) is involved in homodimerization and is required for interaction with HIV-1 GAG
    and incorporation into virions. The C-terminal domain (452-597) is not required for interaction with AIMP2
    Similarity: Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family


    Function
    for KARS gene

    (According to 1UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or 2DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
    bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section
    Function Summary:

         UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: SYK_HUMAN, Q15046
    Function: Catalyzes the specific attachment of an amino acid to its cognate tRNA in a 2 step reaction: the amino acid
    (AA) is first activated by ATP to form AA-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of the tRNA. When secreted,
    acts as a signaling molecule that induces immune response through the activation of monocyte/macrophages. Catalyzes
    the synthesis of diadenosine oligophosphate (Ap4A), a signaling molecule involved in the activation of MITF
    transcriptional activity. Interacts with HIV-1 virus GAG protein, facilitating the selective packaging of
    tRNA(3)(Lys), the primer for reverse transcription initiation
    Catalytic activity: ATP + L-lysine + tRNA(Lys) = AMP + diphosphate + L-lysyl-tRNA(Lys)
    Enzyme regulation: Up-regulated by DARS and EEF1A1, but not by AIMP2

         Genatlas biochemistry entry for KARS:
    lysyl-tRNA synthetase,target of autoantibodies in the autoimmune disease polymyositis/dermatomyositis

    Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB): EC 6.1.1.61 2 EC 6.1.12

    miRNA
    Products:            		 OriGene 3'-UTR Clone (see all 2): KARS
    Browse MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
    QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat KARS
    Search QIAGEN for miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate KARS
    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: KARS 3' UTR sequence
    Inhib. RNA
    Products:            		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
    OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for KARS (see all 7)
    OriGene shRNA RFP: KARS
    OriGene siRNA: KARS
    QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat KARS

    Gene Editing
    Products:    		DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for KARS

    Clone
    Products:             		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from EMD Millipore
    OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for KARS (see all 6)
    OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for KARS (see all 2)
    OriGene custom cloning services – gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling 
    GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector (see all 2): KARS (NM_005548)
    Browse Sino Biological Human cDNA Clones
    DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for KARS
    Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat KARS 

    Cell Line
    Products:             		GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for KARS
    Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for KARS

    In Situ Assay
    Products:       
         		Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for KARS

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/6 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 6):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0000049tRNA binding NAS10952987
    GO:0003676nucleic acid binding ----
    GO:0004824lysine-tRNA ligase activity TAS--
    GO:0005524ATP binding IEA--
    GO:0016597amino acid binding IEA--


    KARS for ontologies           About GeneDecksing


    3 GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for KARS:
     Decreased viability  Decreased viability of wild-ty  Synthetic lethal with Ras 


    Pathways & Interactions
    for KARS gene

    (Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, 3I2D, and/or 4STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
    About This Section

    Unified GeneCards pathways  About this table 
    See pathways by source

    Super-pathwaycontained gene-specific pathways
    1tRNA Aminoacylation
    		tRNA Aminoacylation1.00
    		Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis0.54
    		Cytosolic tRNA aminoacylation0.57
    		Mitochondrial tRNA aminoacylation0.50
    2Translational Control
    		Translational Control1.00
    3Generic Transcription Pathway
    		Gene Expression0.46

    Pathway sources
    See GeneCards unified pathways
    Show all pathways


    1 Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Pathway for KARS
        Translational Control

    4        Reactome Pathways for KARS
        Cytosolic tRNA aminoacylation
    tRNA Aminoacylation
    Gene Expression
    Mitochondrial tRNA aminoacylation


    1         Kegg Pathway  (Kegg details for KARS):
        Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis


    KARS for pathways           About GeneDecksing

    Interactions:

        Search SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Networks for KARS

    STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 25)

    5/408 Interacting proteins for KARS (Q150462, 3 ENSP000003254484) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 408)
    InteractantInteraction Details
    GeneCardExternal ID(s)
    AIMP2Q131552, 3, ENSP000002230294MINT-66634 MINT-8258901 I2D: score=7 STRING: ENSP00000223029
    PAFAH1B1P430342, 3, ENSP000003803784MINT-65542 I2D: score=5 STRING: ENSP00000380378
    EEF1GP266412, 3MINT-65541 I2D: score=5 
    PIK3R3Q925692, 3MINT-8266238 I2D: score=2 
    DLDP096222, 3MINT-8079030 I2D: score=1 
    About this table

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/7 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 7):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0006418tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation TAS--
    GO:0006430lysyl-tRNA aminoacylation IDA10952987
    GO:0008033tRNA processing NAS10952987
    GO:0010467gene expression TAS--
    GO:0015966diadenosine tetraphosphate biosynthetic process IEA--


    KARS for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    Drugs & Compounds
    for KARS gene

    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
    About This Section

    KARS for compounds           About GeneDecksing

    Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore
    Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

    Browse Tocris compounds for KARS

    5 HMDB Compounds for KARS    About this table
    CompoundSynonyms CAS #PubMed Ids
    Adenosine monophosphate5'-AMP (see all 28)61-19-8--
    Adenosine triphosphate5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate) Adenosine (see all 24)56-65-5--
    L-Lysine(+)-S-Lysine (see all 25)56-87-1--
    Phosphoric acidacide phosphorique (FRENCH) (see all 20)7664-38-2--
    Pyrophosphate(4-)Diphosphoric acid ion (see all 10)14000-31-8--

    1 DrugBank Compound for KARS    About this table
    CompoundSynonyms CAS #TypeActionsPubMed Ids
    L-Lysine(S)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid (see all 6)56-87-1target--17158446 17560369 16953616 17425721

    10/24 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for KARS gene (see all 24)    About this table
    Compound   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    trna(lys) 88 49 15183344 (5), 10387054 (4), 14722314 (4), 12941890 (3) (see all 5)
    aminoacyl-trna 85.1 9 12438642 (1), 12766171 (1), 18839981 (1), 19755181 (1) (see all 6)
    kainate 83.7 40 20472138 (2), 18400404 (2), 15549132 (2), 18955488 (2) (see all 31)
    trna 68 50 11706011 (6), 12766171 (5), 12417586 (4), 9278442 (3) (see all 11)
    atpa 65.8 1 18793656 (1)
    trna(asp) 65.4 2 12766171 (1)
    anticodon 65.2 9 10572184 (2), 11884398 (2), 12766171 (2), 17661445 (1) (see all 5)
    glutamate 58.1 30 10985352 (3), 18070252 (2), 16723532 (2), 15872094 (2) (see all 22)
    lysine 36.9 4 14747465 (1), 9278442 (1), 17158446 (1)
    nmda 32.3 5 18070252 (1), 20472138 (1), 18789344 (1), 11773314 (1) (see all 5)

    Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about KARS / SYK 

    Transcripts
    for KARS gene

    (Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
    GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
    siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
    About This Section
    REFSEQ mRNAs for KARS gene (2 alternative transcripts): 
    NM_001130089.1  NM_005548.2  

    Unigene Cluster for KARS:

    Lysyl-tRNA synthetase
    Hs.3100  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_001130089
    12 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:
    ENST00000319410(uc002fer.3) ENST00000302445(uc002feq.3) ENST00000568378
    ENST00000564578 ENST00000569298 ENST00000562875 ENST00000566560(uc010cgz.3 uc010cha.1)
    ENST00000566249 ENST00000566772 ENST00000568682 ENST00000570215 ENST00000565738


    miRNA
    Products:             		 OriGene 3'-UTR Clone (see all 2): KARS
    Browse OriGene MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
    QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat KARS
    Search QIAGEN for miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate KARS
    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: KARS 3' UTR sequence
    Inhib. RNA
    Products:             		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
    OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for KARS (see all 7)
    OriGene shRNA RFP: KARS
    OriGene siRNA: KARS
    QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat KARS
    Clone
    Products:             		 OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for KARS (see all 6)
    OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for KARS (see all 2)
    OriGene custom cloning services – gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling 
    GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector (see all 2): KARS (NM_005548)
    DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for KARS
    Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat KARS 
    Primer
    Products:            		 OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for KARS
    Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
    SABiosciences RT2 qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat KARS
      QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat KARS
      QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat KARS

    Additional cDNA sequence: 

    AF285758.1 AK126584.1 AK309168.1 AK315687.1 BC004132.2 BC013246.1 D31890.1 D32053.1 

    20 DOTS entries:

    DT.119914  DT.100664559  DT.100697984  DT.100664561  DT.100664562  DT.95167502  DT.100865562  DT.120666383 
    DT.97861075  DT.100876632  DT.120666394  DT.120666406  DT.100641124  DT.92453824  DT.100664555  DT.100664566 
    DT.120666478  DT.120666497  DT.92453826  DT.92453829 

    24/756 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 756):

    BM794146 CA446512 CA431473 BM475905 CD742935 BG761911 AA311010 CA445516 
    BU165572 BM770256 AI686978 AA599704 BM463353 BE796823 BQ006238 BM927632 
    AI369212 BM831284 BM678272 BU172471 AW664616 BE391317 BQ437399 CR593300 

    GeneLoc Exon Structure

    5/16 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for KARS (see all 16)    About this scheme

    ExUns: 1 ^ 2a · 2b · 2c · 2d · 2e ^ 3 ^ 4 ^ 5a · 5b ^ 6a · 6b ^ 7a · 7b ^ 8a · 8b ^ 9a · 9b · 9c ^ 10a · 10b ^ 11a · 11b · 11c ^ 12a · 12b ^
    SP1:                                -           -                                                                                                               
    SP2:                                -     -     -                                                                                                               
    SP3:                                -           -                 -     -                                                                                       
    SP4:                                -     -                                                                                                                     
    SP5:                                                                                                                                                            

    ExUns: 13a · 13b ^ 14 ^ 15 ^ 16a · 16b ^ 17a · 17b · 17c · 17d
    SP1:                          -                                 
    SP2:                          -                                 
    SP3:                                                            
    SP4:                                                            
    SP5:                                                            


    ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for KARS

    Expression
    for KARS gene

    (RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
    PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
    About This Section

    KARS expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
    See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
    About this imageBioGPS
    CGAP TAG: AAACCCGAAG

    Microarray
    RNAseq (Illumina Body Map)
    (100×FPKM)½
    SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression)
    About this image
    See KARS Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
    Genevestigator expression for KARS

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.3100
        SABiosciences Custom PCR Arrays for KARS
    Primer
    Products:    		 OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for KARS
    Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
    SABiosciences RT2 qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat KARS
    QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat KARS
    QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat KARS
    In Situ
    Assay Products:     
         		Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for KARS

    Orthologs
    for KARS gene

    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD , 5MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or 6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
    About This Section
    This gene was present in the last universal common ancestor (LUCA).

    Orthologs for KARS gene from 11/44 species (see all 44)    About this table
    Organism Taxonomic
    classification    		 Gene Description Human
    Similarity    		 Orthology
    Type    		 Details
    mouse
    (Mus musculus)    		 Mammalia Kars1 , 5 lysyl-tRNA synthetase1, 5 89.16(n)1
    92.31(a)1    		   8 (58.27 cM)5
    853051  NM_001130868.11  NP_001124340.11 
     1119934405 
    chicken
    (Gallus gallus)    		 Aves KARS1 lysyl-tRNA synthetase 77.17(n)
    84.59(a)    		   415885  NM_001030583.1  NP_001025754.1 
    lizard
    (Anolis carolinensis)    		 Reptilia KARS6
    DARS26
    		 --
    		 81(a)
    13(a)
    		 1 ↔ 1
    possible ortholog
    		 AAWZ02038681(1154-9283)
    4(71358462-71376290)
    African clawed frog
    (Xenopus laevis)    		 Amphibia BC046578.12   -- 75.13(n)    BC046578.1 
    zebrafish
    (Danio rerio)    		 Actinopterygii Dr.282092 Transcribed sequence with moderate similarity to protein more 79.2(n)    57053864 
    fruit fly
    (Drosophila melanogaster)    		 Insecta CG121413
    Aats-lys1    		 lysyl-tRNA aminoacylation lysine-tRNA ligase3
    Lysyl-tRNA synthetase1    		 72(a)3
    64.32(n)1
    68.01(a)1    		   8F13
    319041  NM_001201642.11  NP_001188571.11 
    worm
    (Caenorhabditis elegans)    		 Secernentea krs-13
    kars-11    		 lysyl-tRNA synthetase3
    Protein KARS-11    		 60(a)3
    60.31(n)1
    60.25(a)1    		   II(7070323-7072321)3
    1741591  NM_063052.31  NP_495453.11 
    baker's yeast
    (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)    		 Saccharomycetes KRS1(YDR037W)4
    KRS11    		 Lysyl-tRNA synthetase4
    Krs1p1    		 58.62(n)1
    59.03(a)1    		   4(525440-527215)4
    8516071, 4  NP_010322.11, 4 
    thale cress
    (Arabidopsis thaliana)    		 eudicotyledons ATKRS-11 Lysyl-tRNA synthetase 60.04(n)
    58.26(a)    		   820343  NM_112003.3  NP_187777.1 
    rice
    (Oryza sativa)    		 Liliopsida AK099302.12   -- 74.94(n)    AK099302.1 


    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for KARS (if available)
    TreeFam Gene Tree for KARS (if available) 

    Paralogs
    for KARS gene

    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene,
    2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
    About This Section
    Paralogs for KARS gene

    KARS for paralogs           About GeneDecksing


    3 Pseudogenes.org Pseudogenes for KARS
    PGOHUM00000248573 PGOHUM00000248686 PGOHUM00000248914


    Genomic Variants
    for KARS gene

    (SNPs/Variants according to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
    About This Section

    10/494 NCBI SNPs in KARS are shown (see all 494)     About this table
    Genomic DataTranscription Related DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidClinical
    significance    		Chr 16 posSequence#AA
    Chg    		TypeMore#Allele
    freq    		PopTotal
    sample    		More
    ----------
    rs115051,2
    		C,--61415411(-) ATCAAG/AGTCTG 2 -- ut31 ese33Minor allele frequency- A:0.03MN CSA WA 304
    rs80517711,2
    		C,F,A,H,--61415897(+) NNNNAC/TGGAGA 2 -- int125Minor allele frequency- T:0.18NS EA NA WA CSA 2605
    rs792488731,2
    		C,F,--61416544(+) TTGGGG/ACTCTG 2 -- int11Minor allele frequency- A:0.03WA 118
    rs99383051,2
    		C,--61416550(+) CTCTGC/GGACTC 2 -- int10--------
    rs615884741,2
    		C,F,--61416602(+) CTTTCT/GCCCAT 2 -- int17Minor allele frequency- G:0.20WA CSA NA EA 367
    rs761976361,2
    		--61416688(+) ACCTCC/ACAGCC 2 -- int12Minor allele frequency- A:0.07CSA WA 120
    rs755841511,2
    		--61416779(+) TTTCCA/GTACGG 2 -- int12Minor allele frequency- G:0.07CSA WA 120
    rs750960571,2
    		C,--61417004(+) TTCTTA/CAAAAA 4 E * stg10--------
    rs796128071,2
    		F--61417198(+) GAGACG/AGAGTC 2 -- int12Minor allele frequency- A:0.50NA CSA 6
    rs116395811,2
    		C,F,H,--61417205(+) agtctC/Tgctct 2 -- int11Minor allele frequency- T:0.50NA 4

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for KARS (75661622 - 75682541 bp)
    Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
          Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) variations for KARS: --
    Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): KARS

    SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays
    QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing KARS
    DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for KARS

    Disorders / Diseases
    for KARS gene

    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section
    KARS for disorders           About GeneDecksing

    OMIM gene information: 601421   
    OMIM disorders: 613641  
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: SYK_HUMAN, Q15046
  • Defects in KARS are the cause of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease recessive intermediate type B (CMTRIB)
    • [MIM:613641]; also called Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy recessive intermediate B. CMTRIB is a form of
    Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, a disorder of the peripheral nervous system, characterized by progressive weakness and
    atrophy, initially of the peroneal muscles and later of the distal muscles of the arms. Recessive intermediate forms
    of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease are characterized by clinical and pathologic features intermediate between
    demyelinating and axonal peripheral neuropathies, and motor median nerve conduction velocities ranging from 25 to 45
    m/sec

    16 diseases for KARS:    About MalaCards
    charcot-marie-tooth neuropathy    polymyositis    dermatomyositis    temporal lobe epilepsy
    antisynthetase syndrome    peripheral neuropathy    microphthalmia    appendicitis
    neuropathy    myositis    sarcoidosis    immunodeficiency
    cholesterol    neuroblastoma    malaria    neuronitis

    2 Novoseek disease relationships for KARS gene    About this table

    Disease   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    microphthalmia 45.5 5 18644867 (1), 16199869 (1)
    immunodeficiency 43.7 9 15220430 (2), 12417586 (1), 12941890 (1), 15888436 (1) (see all 6)

    Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: KARS (4 documents)

    Export disorders for KARS gene to outside databases

    Publications
    for KARS gene

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Entrez Gene, 2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 3HGNC, 4GAD, 5PharmGKB, 6HMDB, 7DrugBank, 8UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 9 Novoseek, and/or 10fRNAdb)
    About This Section

    PubMed articles for KARS gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 179):
    (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with KARS)    		    Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
    world of online information

    1. Human lysyl-tRNA synthetase accepts nucleotide 73 variants and rescues Escherichia coli double-defective mutant. (PubMed id 9278442)1, 2, 3, 9 Shiba K....Schimmel P. (1997)
    2. Cellular distribution of Lysyl-tRNA synthetase and its interaction with Gag during human immunodeficiency virus type 1 assembly. (PubMed id 15220430)1, 2, 9 Halwani R....Kleiman L. (2004)
    3. The interaction between HIV-1 Gag and human lysyl-tRNA synthetase during viral assembly. (PubMed id 12756246)1, 2, 9 Javanbakht H.... Kleiman L. (2003)
    4. Crystal structure of tetrameric form of human lysyl-tRNA synthetase: Implications for multisynthetase complex formation. (PubMed id 18272479)1, 2, 9 Guo M.... Yang X.-L. (2008)
    5. Assignment of two human autoantigen genes-isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase locates to 9q21 and lysyl-tRNA synthetase locates to 16q23-q24. (PubMed id 8812440)1, 3, 9 Nichols R.C....Liu P. (1996)
    6. Macromolecular assemblage of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases: identification of protein-protein interactions and characterization of a core protein. (PubMed id 9878398)1, 2, 9 Quevillon S.... Mirande M. (1999)
    7. Compound heterozygosity for loss-of-function lysyl-tR NA synthetase mutations in a patient with peripheral neuropathy. (PubMed id 20920668)1, 2 McLaughlin H.M....Antonellis A. (2010)
    8. The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)1, 2 Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
    9. The human lysyl-tRNA synthetase gene encodes both the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial enzymes by means of an unusual alternative splicing of the primary transcript. (PubMed id 10952987)1, 2 Tolkunova E.... Davidson E. (2000)
    10. Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. II. The coding sequences of 40 new genes (KIAA0041-KIAA0080) deduced by analysis of cDNA clones from human cell line KG-1. (PubMed id 7584044)1, 2 Nomura N....Tabata S. (1994)

    External Searches for KARS gene

    (in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
    About This Section
     ANDOR
    Aliases
    Disorders
    Free Text  
      Query String
    		PubMed
    OMIM
    NCBI Bookshelf
      (Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

    Genome Databases showing KARS gene

    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
    About This Section
    Entrez Gene: 3735 HGNC: 6215 AceView: KARS Ensembl:ENSG00000065427 euGenes: HUgn3735
    ECgene: KARS Kegg: 3735 H-InvDB: KARS

    Other Databases showing KARS gene

    (According to HUGE)
    About This Section
    HUGE: KIAA0070

    Specialized Databases showing KARS gene

    (According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
    Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
    About This Section
    NameDescription
    PharmGKB entry for KARS Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways

    Intellectual Property
    for KARS gene

    (Patent information from GeneIP,
    Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts,
    IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)
    About This Section
    		Patent Information for KARS gene:
    Search GeneIP for patents involving KARS

    GeneCards and IP:
    Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     Improving the IP Search



    Products
    for KARS gene

    (Antibodies, recombinant proteins, and assays from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, QIAGEN, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, SABiosciences, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, Enzo Life Sciences, Abcam, ProSpec, Uscn, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, SwitchGear Genomics, Vector BioLabs, Cell lines from GenScript and LifeMap BioReagents, PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Drugs and/or compounds from EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Enzo Life Sciences),
    In Situ Hybridization Assays from
    Advanced Cell Diagnostics
    About This Section

     
     EMD Millipore Custom Antibody & Bulk Services
     EMD Millipore Preclinical / Clinical Development Services
     EMD Millipore Immunoassay Services
     EMD Millipore Target Screening & Profiling Services

      
     Browse Antibodies   Browse Cell Culture Products  
     Browse ELISAs   Browse Flow Cytometry Kits  
     Browse Primer Pairs   Browse Kinase Activity Assays/Reagents  
     Browse ELISpot Kits/Development Modules   Browse TFB/Immunoprecipitation Assays  
     Browse Apoptosis Detection Kits/Reagents   Browse Ubiquitin Proteasome Pathway (UPP) Assay Kits/Reagents  
     Browse DNA Damage/Repair Kits/Reagents   Browse Multiplex/Array Assay Kits/Reagents  
     Browse Cell Selection/Detection Kits/Reagents   Browse Secondary Antibodies/Controls/Staining Reagents  
     Browse Phosphatase Activity Assays/Reagents   Browse Recombinant/Natural Proteins  
     Browse OriGene Antibodies   OriGene shRNA RFP for KARS  
     OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for KARS   OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for KARS  
     OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysate for KARS   Browse OriGene Fluorogenic Cell Assay Kits  
     OriGene siRNA for KARS   OriGene 3'-UTR Clone for KARS  
     OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for KARS   OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for KARS  
     Browse OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector   Browse OriGene MicroRNA Expression Plasmids  
     Browse OriGene basic RS shRNAs   Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs  
     OriGene Purified Protein for KARS   OriGene custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling  
     OriGene Custom Antibody Services for KARS   OriGene Custom Protein Services for KARS  
     OriGene Custom Immunoassay Development  

         		 
     QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of in human, mouse, rat KARS
     QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing KARS
     QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat KARS
     QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat KARS
     QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat KARS
     QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat KARS
     GenScript Custom Purified and Recombinant Proteins Services for KARS GenScript cDNA clones with any tag delivered in your preferred vector for KARS
     GenScript Custom Assay Services for KARS GenScript Custom Superior Antibodies Services for KARS
     GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for KARS CloneReady with Over 120,000 Genes
     Gene Synthesis: Any Gene in Any Vector Vector-based siRNA and miRNA, Ready for Transfection
     Gene Mutant Library, Variants up to 10^11 Plasmid Preparation
     Custom Peptide Services
     Antibodies & Assays for KARS 

     Regulatory tfbs in KARS promoter
     Search Chromatin IP Primers for KARS
     RT2 qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat KARS
     Search GNC Networks for KARS
     SABiosciences Custom PCR Arrays for KARS
     Search Tocris compounds for KARS
     Browse Sino Biological Proteins and Antibodies
     Browse Sino Biological cDNA Clones
     Antibodies/Proteins Production Services
     Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody Platform
     Bulk Purchasing
     Search www.enzolifesciences.com for proteins, assays, substrates, inhibitors & antibodies
     Novus Tissue Slides
     KARS antibodies
     KARS proteins
     KARS lysates
     Antibodies for KARS
     See all of Abcam's Antibodies, Kits and Proteins for KARS
     Custom Antibody / Protein Production Service
     Bulk Purchasing
     Advantages of Rabbit Monoclonal antibodies
     Abcam protocols and scientific support
     Recombinant Protein for KARS




     KARS Proteins, Antibodies, CLIAs, and ELISAs
     Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for KARS
     Gene Synthesis
     Protein Engineering
     Variant Library Synthesis
     Codon Optimization
     Protein Production and Purification
     Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for KARS
     SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmids for KARS
     SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmids for KARS
     ThermoFisher Antibody for KARS
     Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat KARS
           
    GeneCards Homepage - Last full update: 18 Mar 2013 - Incrementals: 21 Mar 2013 , 15 Apr 2013 , 27 Apr 2013

    View Random Gene

    Category
    VWF
    (GIFTS: 73)
    von Willebrand factor
    GIFtS Group
    The GeneCards human gene database gene index: 1 3 5 6 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 

    Developed at the Crown Human Genome Center, Department of Molecular Genetics, the Weizmann Institute of Science

    Copyright © 1996-2013 , Weizmann Institute of Science. All Rights Reserved.
    Hot genes      Disease genes      KARS gene at Home site.
    hostname: 356980-web2.xennexinc.com index build: 100 solr: 1.4